scholarly journals Quantitative MRI of the spinal cord and brain in adrenomyeloneuropathy:in vivoassessment of structural changes

Brain ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 139 (6) ◽  
pp. 1735-1746 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonella Castellano ◽  
Nico Papinutto ◽  
Marcello Cadioli ◽  
Gianluca Brugnara ◽  
Antonella Iadanza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Quantitative Mri

scholarly journals Progressive neurodegeneration following spinal cord injury

Neurology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 90 (14) ◽  
pp. e1257-e1266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Ziegler ◽  
Patrick Grabher ◽  
Alan Thompson ◽  
Daniel Altmann ◽  
Markus Hupp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Neuropathic Pain ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Quantitative Mri ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Iron Accumulation ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Progressive Neurodegeneration

ObjectiveTo quantify atrophy, demyelination, and iron accumulation over 2 years following acute spinal cord injury and to identify MRI predictors of clinical outcomes and determine their suitability as surrogate markers of therapeutic intervention.MethodsWe assessed 156 quantitative MRI datasets from 15 patients with spinal cord injury and 18 controls at baseline and 2, 6, 12, and 24 months after injury. Clinical recovery (including neuropathic pain) was assessed at each time point. Between-group differences in linear and nonlinear trajectories of volume, myelin, and iron change were estimated. Structural changes by 6 months were used to predict clinical outcomes at 2 years.ResultsThe majority of patients showed clinical improvement with recovery stabilizing at 2 years. Cord atrophy decelerated, while cortical white and gray matter atrophy progressed over 2 years. Myelin content in the spinal cord and cortex decreased progressively over time, while cerebellar loss decreases decelerated. As atrophy progressed in the thalamus, sustained iron accumulation was evident. Smaller cord and cranial corticospinal tract atrophy, and myelin changes within the sensorimotor cortices, by 6 months predicted recovery in lower extremity motor score at 2 years. Whereas greater cord atrophy and microstructural changes in the cerebellum, anterior cingulate cortex, and secondary sensory cortex by 6 months predicted worse sensory impairment and greater neuropathic pain intensity at 2 years.ConclusionThese results draw attention to trauma-induced neuroplastic processes and highlight the intimate relationships among neurodegenerative processes in the cord and brain. These measurable changes are sufficiently large, systematic, and predictive to render them viable outcome measures for clinical trials.

Quantitative MRI of spinal cord injury in a rat model

1994 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 484-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
James C. Falconer ◽  
Ponnada A. Narayana ◽  
Meena B. Bhattacharjee ◽  
Shi-J. Liu
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Quantitative Mri ◽  
Cord Injury

Characterisation of spinal cord in a mouse model of spastic paraplegia related to abnormal axono–myelin interactions by in vivo quantitative MRI

NeuroImage ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wadie Ben Hassen ◽  
Mélina Bégou ◽  
Amidou Traore ◽  
Abdelatif Ben Moussa ◽  
Nelly Boehm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Quantitative Mri ◽  
Spastic Paraplegia

A Clinically Feasible Quantitative MRI Protocol to Assess Tissue Injury in the Cervical Spinal Cord Using DTI, MT, and T2*-Weighted Imaging: Reliability and Variations with Confounding Variables

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. S199-S200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allan Martin ◽  
Benjamin De Leener ◽  
Julien Cohen-Adad ◽  
Izabela Aleksanderek ◽  
David W. Cadotte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Tissue Injury ◽  
Cervical Spinal Cord ◽  
Quantitative Mri ◽  
Confounding Variables ◽  
Mri Protocol

scholarly journals Magnetic resonance imaging assessment of degenerative cervical myelopathy: a review of structural changes and measurement techniques

2016 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. E5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aria Nouri ◽  
Allan R. Martin ◽  
David Mikulis ◽  
Michael G. Fehlings
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Cervical Myelopathy ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Sagittal Alignment ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Cord Compression ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Assessment ◽  
Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy

Degenerative cervical myelopathy encompasses a spectrum of age-related structural changes of the cervical spine that result in static and dynamic injury to the spinal cord and collectively represent the most common cause of myelopathy in adults. Although cervical myelopathy is determined clinically, the diagnosis requires confirmation via imaging, and MRI is the preferred modality. Because of the heterogeneity of the condition and evolution of MRI technology, multiple techniques have been developed over the years in an attempt to quantify the degree of baseline severity and potential for neurological recovery. In this review, these techniques are categorized anatomically into those that focus on bone, ligaments, discs, and the spinal cord. In addition, measurements for the cervical spine canal size and sagittal alignment are also described briefly. These tools have resulted collectively in the identification of numerous useful parameters. However, the development of multiple techniques for assessing the same feature, such as cord compression, has also resulted in a number of challenges, including introducing ambiguity in terms of which methods to use and hindering effective comparisons of analysis in the literature. In addition, newer techniques that use advanced MRI are emerging and providing exciting new tools for assessing the spinal cord in patients with degenerative cervical myelopathy.

Motoneurones "Learn" and "Forget" Physical Activity

2005 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 352-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phillip Gardiner ◽  
Eric Beaumont ◽  
Bruno Cormery
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Resting Membrane Potential ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Ion Conductance ◽  
Potential Spike ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Chronic Activation

In spite of our knowledge of activity related adaptations in supraspinal neurones and skeletal muscles, very little is known concerning adaptations in α-motoneurones to alterations in chronic activity levels. Recent evidence shows that the biophysical properties of α-motoneurones are plastic and adapt to both increases and decreases in chronic activation. The nature of the adaptations-in resting membrane potential, spike threshold, afterhyperpolarization amplitude, and rate of depolarization during spike generation-point to involvement of density, type, location, and/or metabolic modulation of ion conductance channels in the motoneuronal membrane. These changes will have significant effects on how motoneurones respond when activated during the generation of movements, and on the effort required to sustain activation during prolonged exercise. Since the adaptations most likely involve structural changes in the motoneurones and changes in protein synthesis, and change the output response of the cells to input, they are considered to be learning responses. Future research directions for examining this issue are outlined. Key words: α-motoneurones, exercise, training, spinal cord, learning, disuse, spinal cord transection

scholarly journals Multi-parametric quantitative spinal cord MRI with unified signal readout and image denoising

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Grussu ◽  
Marco Battiston ◽  
Jelle Veraart ◽  
Torben Schneider ◽  
Julien Cohen-Adad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Synthetic Data ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Quantitative Mri ◽  
Single Shot ◽  
Planar Imaging ◽  
Physiological Noise ◽  
Parametric Maps ◽  
Signal Readout

AbstractMulti-parametric quantitative MRI (qMRI) of the spinal cord is a promising non-invasive tool to probe early microstructural damage in neurological disorders. It is usually performed by combining acquisitions with multiple signal readouts, which exhibit different thermal noise levels, geometrical distortions and susceptibility to physiological noise. This ultimately hinders joint multi-contrast modelling and makes the geometric correspondence of parametric maps challenging. We propose an approach to overcome these limitations, by implementing state-of-the-art microstructural MRI of the spinal cord with a unified signal readout. We base our acquisition on single-shot echo planar imaging with reduced field-of-view, and obtain data from two different vendors (vendor 1: Philips Achieva; vendor 2: Siemens Prisma). Importantly, the unified acquisition allows us to compare signal and noise across contrasts, thus enabling overall quality enhancement via Marchenko-Pastur (MP) Principal Component Analysis (PCA) denoising. MP-PCA is a recent method relying on redundant acquisitions, i.e. such that the number of measurements is much larger than the number of informative principal components. Here we used in vivo and synthetic data to test whether a unified readout enables more efficient denoising of less redundant acquisitions, since these can be denoised jointly with more redundant ones. We demonstrate that a unified readout provides robust multi-parametric maps, including diffusion and kurtosis tensors from diffusion MRI, myelin metrics from two-pool magnetisation transfer, and T1 and T2 from relaxometry. Moreover, we show that MP-PCA improves the quality of our multi-contrast acquisitions, since it reduces the coefficient of variation (i.e. variability) by up to 15% for mean kurtosis, 8% for bound pool fraction (BPF, myelin-sensitive), and 13% for T1, while enabling more efficient denoising of modalities limited in redundancy (e.g. relaxometry). In conclusion, multi-parametric spinal cord qMRI with unified readout is feasible and provides robust microstructural metrics with matched resolution and distortions, whose quality benefits from MP-PCA denoising, a useful pre-processing tool for spinal cord MRI.

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