scholarly journals Reassessing cortical reorganization in the primary sensorimotor cortex following arm amputation

Brain ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 138 (8) ◽  
pp. 2140-2146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamar R. Makin ◽  
Jan Scholz ◽  
David Henderson Slater ◽  
Heidi Johansen-Berg ◽  
Irene Tracey
Keyword(s):  
Sensorimotor Cortex ◽  
Cortical Reorganization ◽  
Arm Amputation ◽  
Primary Sensorimotor Cortex

scholarly journals Cerebral Reorganization in Subacute Stroke Survivors after Virtual Reality-Based Training: A Preliminary Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang Xiao ◽  
Qiang Lin ◽  
Wai-Leung Lo ◽  
Yu-Rong Mao ◽  
Xin-chong Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Sensorimotor Cortex ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Cortical Reorganization ◽  
Gait Velocity ◽  
Stroke Survivors ◽  
Subacute Stroke ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Primary Sensorimotor Cortex ◽  
Gait Function

Background. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is a promising method for quantifying brain recovery and investigating the intervention-induced changes in corticomotor excitability after stroke. This study aimed to evaluate cortical reorganization subsequent to virtual reality-enhanced treadmill (VRET) training in subacute stroke survivors.Methods. Eight participants with ischemic stroke underwent VRET for 5 sections per week and for 3 weeks. fMRI was conducted to quantify the activity of selected brain regions when the subject performed ankle dorsiflexion. Gait speed and clinical scales were also measured before and after intervention.Results. Increased activation in the primary sensorimotor cortex of the lesioned hemisphere and supplementary motor areas of both sides for the paretic foot (p<0.01) was observed postintervention. Statistically significant improvements were observed in gait velocity (p<0.05). The change in voxel counts in the primary sensorimotor cortex of the lesioned hemisphere is significantly correlated with improvement of 10 m walk time after VRET (r=−0.719).Conclusions. We observed improved walking and increased activation in cortical regions of stroke survivors after VRET training. Moreover, the cortical recruitment was associated with better walking function. Our study suggests that cortical networks could be a site of plasticity, and their recruitment may be one mechanism of training-induced recovery of gait function in stroke. This trial is registered with ChiCTR-IOC-15006064.

scholarly journals Frequency-Dependent Changes of Regional Cerebral Blood Flow during Finger Movements

1996 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norihiro Sadato ◽  
Vicente Ibañez ◽  
Marie-Pierre Deiber ◽  
Gregory Campbell ◽  
Marc Leonardo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sensorimotor Cortex ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Progressive Change ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Primary Sensorimotor Cortex ◽  
Neuronal Recruitment ◽  
Simple Movement ◽  
The Right ◽  
Fast Rates ◽  
Significant Activation

To study the effect of the repetition rate of a simple movement on the distribution and magnitude of neuronal recruitment, we measured regional CBF (rCBF) in eight normal volunteers, using positron emission tomography and 15O-labeled water. An auditory-cued, repetitive flexion movement of the right index finger against the thumb was performed at very slow (0.25 and 0.5 Hz), slow (0.75 and 1 Hz), fast (2 and 2.5 Hz), and very fast (3 and 4 Hz) rates. The increase of rCBF during movement relative to the resting condition was calculated for each pair of movement conditions. Left primary sensorimotor cortex showed no significant activation at the very slow rates. There was a rapid rise of rCBF between the slow and the fast rates, but no further increase at the very fast rates. The right cerebellum showed similar changes. Changes in the left primary sensorimotor cortex and the cerebellum likely reflect the effect of the movement rate. The posterior supplementary motor area (SMA) showed its highest activation at the very slow rates but no significant activation at the very fast rates. Changes correlating with those in the SMA were found in the anterior cingulate gyrus, right prefrontal area, and right thalamus. The decreases in CBF may reflect a progressive change in performance from reactive to predictive.

Activation of ipsilateral primary sensorimotor cortex by median nerve stimulation

Neuroreport ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 6 (18) ◽  
pp. 2589-2593 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antti Korvenoja ◽  
Heidi Wikström ◽  
Juha Huttunen ◽  
Juha Virtanan ◽  
Petteri Laine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Median Nerve ◽  
Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Sensorimotor Cortex ◽  
Median Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Primary Sensorimotor Cortex

scholarly journals Functional plasticity of the ipsilateral primary sensorimotor cortex in an elite long jumper with below-knee amputation

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 101847 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nobuaki Mizuguchi ◽  
Kento Nakagawa ◽  
Yutaka Tazawa ◽  
Kazuyuki Kanosue ◽  
Kimitaka Nakazawa
Keyword(s):  
Sensorimotor Cortex ◽  
Functional Plasticity ◽  
Knee Amputation ◽  
Primary Sensorimotor Cortex

scholarly journals Disturbed Resting-State Whole-Brain Functional Connectivity of Striatal Subregions in Bulimia Nervosa

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 356-365
Author(s):  
Li Wang ◽  
Kun Bi ◽  
Zhou Song ◽  
Zhe Zhang ◽  
Ke Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Bulimia Nervosa ◽  
Sensorimotor Cortex ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Parietal Lobe ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Imaging Data ◽  
Healthy Women ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal ◽  
Primary Sensorimotor Cortex

Abstract Background Disturbed self-regulation, taste reward, as well as somatosensory and visuospatial processes were thought to drive binge eating and purging behaviors that characterize bulimia nervosa. Although studies have implicated a central role of the striatum in these dysfunctions, there have been no direct investigations on striatal functional connectivity in bulimia nervosa from a network perspective. Methods We calculated the functional connectivity of striatal subregions based on the resting-state functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging data of 51 bulimia nervosa patients and 53 healthy women. Results Compared with the healthy women, bulimia nervosa patients showed increased positive functional connectivity in bilateral striatal nuclei and thalamus for nearly all of the striatal subregions, and increased negative functional connectivity in bilateral primary sensorimotor cortex and occipital areas for both ventral striatum and putamen subregions. Only for the putamen subregions, we observed reduced negative functional connectivity in the prefrontal (bilateral superior and middle frontal gyri) and parietal (right inferior parietal lobe and precuneus) areas. Several striatal connectivities with occipital and primary sensorimotor cortex significantly correlated with the severity of bulimia. Conclusions The findings indicate bulimia nervosa-related alterations in striatal functional connectivity with the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex supporting self-regulation, the subcortical striatum and thalamus involved in taste reward, as well as the visual occipital and sensorimotor regions mediating body image, which contribute to our understanding of neural circuitry of bulimia nervosa and encourage future therapeutic developments for bulimia nervosa by modulating striatal pathway.

scholarly journals Acupuncture Enhances Effective Connectivity between Cerebellum and Primary Sensorimotor Cortex in Patients with Stable Recovery Stroke

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zijing Xie ◽  
Fangyuan Cui ◽  
Yihuai Zou ◽  
Lijun Bai
Keyword(s):  
Motor Learning ◽  
Sensorimotor Cortex ◽  
Effective Connectivity ◽  
Motor Task ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Movement Coordination ◽  
Subacute Stroke ◽  
Primary Sensorimotor Cortex ◽  
Recovery Stroke ◽  
Hemiparetic Stroke

Recent neuroimaging studies have demonstrated that stimulation of acupuncture at motor-implicated acupoints modulates activities of brain areas relevant to the processing of motor functions. This study aims to investigate acupuncture-induced changes in effective connectivity among motor areas in hemiparetic stroke patients by using the multivariate Granger causal analysis. A total of 9 stable recovery stroke patients and 8 healthy controls were recruited and underwent three runs of fMRI scan: passive finger movements and resting state before and after manual acupuncture stimuli. Stroke patients showed significantly attenuated effective connectivity between cortical and subcortical areas during passive motor task, which indicates inefficient information transmissions between cortical and subcortical motor-related regions. Acupuncture at motor-implicated acupoints showed specific modulations of motor-related network in stroke patients relative to healthy control subjects. This specific modulation enhanced bidirectionally effective connectivity between the cerebellum and primary sensorimotor cortex in stroke patients, which may compensate for the attenuated effective connectivity between cortical and subcortical areas during passive motor task and, consequently, contribute to improvement of movement coordination and motor learning in subacute stroke patients. Our results suggested that further efficacy studies of acupuncture in motor recovery can focus on the improvement of movement coordination and motor learning during motor rehabilitation.

scholarly journals Hand, foot and lip representations in primary sensorimotor cortex: a high-density electroencephalography study

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingqi Zhao ◽  
Marco Marino ◽  
Jessica Samogin ◽  
Stephan P. Swinnen ◽  
Dante Mantini
Keyword(s):  
Sensorimotor Cortex ◽  
High Spatial Resolution ◽  
Movement Control ◽  
Contralateral Side ◽  
High Density ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Gamma Frequency ◽  
Neural Processes ◽  
Primary Sensorimotor Cortex

AbstractThe primary sensorimotor cortex plays a major role in the execution of movements of the contralateral side of the body. The topographic representation of different body parts within this brain region is commonly investigated through functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). However, fMRI does not provide direct information about neuronal activity. In this study, we used high-density electroencephalography (hdEEG) to map the representations of hand, foot, and lip movements in the primary sensorimotor cortex, and to study their neural signatures. Specifically, we assessed the event-related desynchronization (ERD) in the cortical space. We found that the performance of hand, foot, and lip movements elicited an ERD in beta and gamma frequency bands. The primary regions showing significant beta- and gamma-band ERD for hand and foot movements, respectively, were consistent with previously reported using fMRI. We observed relatively weaker ERD for lip movements, which may be explained by the fact that less fine movement control was required. Overall, our study demonstrated that ERD based on hdEEG data can support the study of motor-related neural processes, with relatively high spatial resolution. An interesting avenue may be the use of hdEEG for deeper investigations into the pathophysiology of neuromotor disorders.

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