scholarly journals CNTF, a key factor mediating the beneficial effects of inflammatory reactions in the eye

Brain ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 131 (6) ◽  
pp. e97-e97 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Fischer
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Reactions ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Key Factor

scholarly journals The Dose of Somatostatin Analogues during Pre-Surgical Treatment Is a Key Factor to Achieve Surgical Remission in Acromegaly

Endocrines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-250
Author(s):  
Marta Araujo-Castro ◽  
Eider Pascual-Corrales ◽  
Héctor Pian ◽  
Ignacio Ruz-Caracuel ◽  
Alberto Acitores Cancela ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Surgical Outcomes ◽  
Pituitary Adenomas ◽  
Somatostatin Analogues ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Long Acting ◽  
First Time ◽  
Endocrine Complications

Purpose: to determine whether pre-surgical treatment using long-acting somatostatin analogues (SSAs) may improve surgical outcomes in acromegaly. Methods: retrospective study of 48 patients with acromegaly operated by endoscopic transsphenoidal approach and for first time. Surgical remission was evaluated based on the 2010 criteria. Results: most patients, 83.3% (n = 40), harbored macroadenomas and 31.3% (n = 15) invasive pituitary adenomas. In this case, 14 patients were treated with lanreotide LAR and 6 with octreotide LAR, median monthly doses of 97.5 [range 60–120] and 20 [range 20–30] mg, respectively, for at least 3 months preoperatively. Presurgical variables were comparable between pre-treated and untreated patients (p > 0.05). Surgical remission was more frequent in those pre-treated with monthly doses ≥90 mg of lanreotide or ≥30 mg of octreotide than in untreated or pre-treated with lower doses (OR = 4.64, p = 0.025). However, no differences were found between pre-treated and untreated patients when lower doses were included or between those treated for longer than 6 months compared to those untreated or pre-treated for shorter than 6 months. Similarly, no differences were found either in terms of surgical or endocrine complications (OR = 0.65, p = 0.570), independently of the doses and the duration of SSA treatment (p > 0.05). Conclusions: the dose of SSAs is a key factor during pre-surgical treatment, since the beneficial effects in surgical remission were observed with monthly doses equal or higher than 90 mg of lanreotide and 30 mg of octreotide, but not with lower doses.

scholarly journals The Function of the Histamine H4 Receptor in Inflammatory and Inflammation-Associated Diseases of the Gut

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 6116
Author(s):  
Bastian Schirmer ◽  
Detlef Neumann
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Allergic Inflammation ◽  
Histamine H4 Receptor ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Inflammatory Reactions ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Associated Diseases ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
H4 Receptor ◽  
Deficient Mice

Histamine is a pleiotropic mediator involved in a broad spectrum of (patho)-physiological processes, one of which is the regulation of inflammation. Compounds acting on three out of the four known histamine receptors are approved for clinical use. These approved compounds comprise histamine H1-receptor (H1R) antagonists, which are used to control allergic inflammation, antagonists at H2R, which therapeutically decrease gastric acid release, and an antagonist at H3R, which is indicated to treat narcolepsy. Ligands at H4R are still being tested pre-clinically and in clinical trials of inflammatory diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, asthma, dermatitis, and psoriasis. These trials, however, documented only moderate beneficial effects of H4R ligands so far. Nevertheless, pre-clinically, H4R still is subject of ongoing research, analyzing various inflammatory, allergic, and autoimmune diseases. During inflammatory reactions in gut tissues, histamine concentrations rise in affected areas, indicating its possible biological effect. Indeed, in histamine-deficient mice experimentally induced inflammation of the gut is reduced in comparison to that in histamine-competent mice. However, antagonists at H1R, H2R, and H3R do not provide an effect on inflammation, supporting the idea that H4R is responsible for the histamine effects. In the present review, we discuss the involvement of histamine and H4R in inflammatory and inflammation-associated diseases of the gut.

scholarly journals Tissue Kallikrein Alleviates Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury by Activating the B2R-ERK1/2-CREB-Bcl-2 Signaling Pathway in Diabetic Rats

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruifeng Shi ◽  
Kunxiong Yuan ◽  
Bin Hu ◽  
Hongfei Sang ◽  
Lizhi Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Infarct Volume ◽  
Neuroprotective Effect ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Camp Response Element Binding ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Tissue Kallikrein ◽  
Inflammatory Reactions ◽  
Beneficial Effects

Diabetes mellitus (DM) substantially increases the risk of ischemic stroke and reduces the tolerance to ischemic insults. Tissue kallikrein (TK) has been demonstrated to protect neurons from ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in orthoglycemic model by activating the bradykinin B2 receptor (B2R). Considering the differential effects of B2R or bradykinin B1 receptor (B1R) on cardioprotection and neuroprotection in I/R with or without diabetes, this study was designed to investigate the role of TK during cerebral I/R injury in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Intravenous injection of TK inhibited apoptosis in neurons, alleviated edema and inflammatory reactions after focal cerebral I/R, significantly reduced the infarct volume, and improved functional recovery. These beneficial effects were accompanied by activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), cAMP response element-binding (CREB), and Bcl-2 signal proteins. Inhibition of the B2R or ERK1/2 pathway abated the effects of TK, whereas an antagonist of B1R enhanced the effects. These findings reveal that the neuroprotective effect of TK against cerebral I/R injury in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats mainly involves the enhancement of B2R and ERK1/2-CREB-Bcl-2 signaling pathway activity.

scholarly journals Moderators of Perceived Effort in Adolescent Rowers During a Graded Exercise Test

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (21) ◽  
pp. 8063
Author(s):  
Gerd Schmitz
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Test ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Perceived Effort ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Graded Exercise Test ◽  
Subjective Perceptions ◽  
Graded Exercise ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Cognitive Competencies ◽  
Highly Correlated

Physical activity promotes mental health. A key factor is self-regulation. In the field of sports, self-regulation is related to the psychophysiological competence of rating of perceived effort (RPE). It was reported that adolescents have lower RPE competencies than adults, and it was hypothesized that this effect depends on physiological and cognitive development. The present study investigated in a sample of adolescents whether the RPE is related to basic cognitive competencies. Twelve rowers performed cognitive tests and a graded exercise test on a rowing ergometer, in which they continuously rated their perceived effort. Objective load measures and subjective perceptions were highly correlated (rho = 0.95–0.99). Furthermore, these correlations were inter-individually moderated by measures of mental speed and spontaneous flexibility. The results confirm the significance of basal cognitive competencies for conscious load perception. It is discussed whether regular sport has beneficial effects on the development of RPE competencies by enhancing cognitive regulation.

scholarly journals Regulatory mode shift of Tbc1d1 is required for acquisition of insulin-responsive GLUT4-trafficking activity

2013 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 809-817 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroyasu Hatakeyama ◽  
Makoto Kanzaki
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Complete Loss ◽  
Mode Shift ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Regulatory Mode ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Insulin Responsiveness

Tbc1d1 is key to skeletal muscle GLUT4 regulation. By using GLUT4 nanometry combined with a cell-based reconstitution model, we uncover a shift in the regulatory mode of Tbc1d1 by showing that Tbc1d1 temporally acquires insulin responsiveness, which triggers GLUT4 trafficking only after an exercise-mimetic stimulus such as aminoimidazole carboxamide ribonucleotide (AICAR) pretreatment. The functional acquisition of insulin responsiveness requires Ser-237 phosphorylation and an intact phosphotyrosine-binding (PTB) 1 domain. Mutations in PTB1, including R125W (a natural mutant), thus result in complete loss of insulin-responsiveness acquisition, whereas AICAR-responsive GLUT4-liberation activity remains intact. Thus our data provide novel insights into temporal acquisition/memorization of Tbc1d1 insulin responsiveness, relying on the PTB1 domain, possibly a key factor in the beneficial effects of exercise on muscle insulin potency.

scholarly journals βCommon Receptor Mediates Erythropoietin-Conferred Protection on OxLDL-Induced Lipid Accumulation and Inflammation in Macrophages

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tzong-Shyuan Lee ◽  
Kuo-Yun Lu ◽  
Yuan-Bin Yu ◽  
Hsueh-Te Lee ◽  
Feng-Chuan Tsai
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Accumulation ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Foam Cells ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Inflammatory Protein ◽  
Common Receptor ◽  
Macrophage Foam Cells ◽  
Key Factor

Erythropoietin (EPO), the key factor for erythropoiesis, also protects macrophage foam cells from lipid accumulation, yet the definitive mechanisms are not fully understood.βcommon receptor (βCR) plays a crucial role in the nonhematopoietic effects of EPO. In the current study, we investigated the role ofβCR in EPO-mediated protection in macrophages against oxidized low-density lipoprotein- (oxLDL-) induced deregulation of lipid metabolism and inflammation. Here, we show thatβCR expression was mainly in foamy macrophages of atherosclerotic aortas from apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Results of confocal microscopy and immunoprecipitation analyses revealed thatβCR was colocalized and interacted with EPO receptor (EPOR) in macrophages. Inhibition ofβCR activation by neutralizing antibody or small interfering RNA (siRNA) abolished the EPO-conferred protection in oxLDL-induced lipid accumulation. Furthermore, EPO-promoted cholesterol efflux and upregulation of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters ABCA1 and ABCG1 were prevented by pretreatment withβCR neutralizing antibody orβCR siRNA. Additionally, blockage ofβCR abrogated the EPO-conferred anti-inflammatory action on oxLDL-induced production of macrophage inflammatory protein-2. Collectively, our findings suggest thatβCR may play an important role in the beneficial effects of EPO against oxLDL-elicited dysfunction of macrophage foam cells.

scholarly journals Health Literacy and its Effect on Chronic Disease Prevention: Evidences from China’s Data

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lefan Liu ◽  
xujun Qian ◽  
zhuo chen ◽  
Tianfeng He
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Health Literacy ◽  
Disease Prevention ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Chronic Condition ◽  
Multivariate Regression Analysis ◽  
Chronic Disease Prevention ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background: Improving health literacy is an important public health goal in many countries. Although many studies have suggested that low health literacy has adverse effects on an individual’s health outcomes, factors that may be confounding the relationship between health literacy and health outcomes are often not accounted. This paper examines the interplay between health literacy and chronic disease prevention.Methods: A sample of 2,835 residents aged 14-71 years old in Ningbo province of China were selected from China’s National Health Literacy Surveillance Survey in 2017. The multivariate regression analysis is used to untangle the relationship between health literacy and chronic disease prevention.Results: We find the association between health literacy and the occurrence of the first chronic condition is attenuated after we adjust the results for age and education. In contrast, we find having one or more chronic conditions leads to better knowledge about chronic diseases and thus improved health literacy on chronic disease prevention. Thus, when a respondent has one chronic disease, health literacy could reduce the incidence of a new chronic condition (comorbidities). However, the protective effect of health literacy is only found among our urban sample, suggesting health literacy might be a key factor explaining the rural-urban disparity in health outcomes.Conclusion: Our findings highlight that health literacy plays a more important role in helping individuals preventing comorbidity than preventing their first chronic disease. Moreover, family support could be a potential channel through which health literacy accumulates and results in beneficial effects on health.

scholarly journals The Dose of Somatostatin Analogues During Pre-Surgical Treatment is a Key Factor to Achieve Surgical Remission in Acromegaly

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Araujo-Castro ◽  
Eider Pascual-Corrales ◽  
Héctor Pian ◽  
Ignacio Ruz-Caracuel ◽  
Alberto Acitores Cancela ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Surgical Outcomes ◽  
Somatostatin Analogues ◽  
Transsphenoidal Approach ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Long Acting ◽  
First Time ◽  
Endocrine Complications

Purpose: To determine whether pre-surgical treatment using long-acting somatostatin analogues (SSAs) may improve surgical outcomes in acromegaly. Methods: Retrospective study of 48 patients with acromegaly operated by endoscopic transsphenoidal approach and for first time. Surgical remission was evaluated based on the 2010 criteria. Results: Most patients, 83.3% (n=40), harboured macroadenomas and 31.3% (n=15) invasive pitu-itary adenomas. Fourteen patients were treated with lanreotide LAR and 6 with octreotide LAR, median monthly doses of 97.5 [range 60-120] and 20 [range 20-30] mg, respectively, for at least 3 months preoperatively. Presurgical variables were comparable between pre-treated and un-treatred patients (P>0.05). Surgical remission was more frequent in those pre-treated with monthly doses ≥90 mg of lanre-otide or ≥30 mg of octreotide than in untreated or pre-treated with lower doses (OR=4.64, P=0.025). However, no differences were found between pre-treated and untreated patients when lower doses were included or between those treated for longer than 6 months compared to those untreated or pre-treated for shorter than 6 months. Similarly, no differences were found either in terms of surgical or endocrine complications (OR=0.65, P=0.570)), independently of the doses and the duration of SSA treatment (P>0.05). Conclusions: The dose of SSAs is a key factor during pre-surgical treatment, since the beneficial effects in surgical remission were observed with monthly doses equal or higher than 90 mg of lanreotide and 30 mg of octreotide, but not with lower doses.

Normothermia Has Beneficial Effects in Cardiopulmonary Bypass Attenuating Inflammatory Reactions

ASAIO Journal ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. M288-M291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshihiro Ohata ◽  
Yoshiki Sawa ◽  
Keishi Kadoba ◽  
Kazuhiro Taniguchi ◽  
Hajime Ichikawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiopulmonary Bypass ◽  
Inflammatory Reactions ◽  
Beneficial Effects

Anti-Inflammatory Effect of the Kampo Japanese Traditional Medicine daikenchuto After Colorectal Resection

2015 ◽  
Vol 100 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 1360-1363
Author(s):  
Takaaki Fujii ◽  
Hiroki Morita ◽  
Toshinaga Sutoh ◽  
Reina Yajima ◽  
Soichi Tsutsumi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Resection ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Impaired Liver Function ◽  
Elective Colorectal Surgery ◽  
Inflammatory Reactions ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Japanese Traditional Medicine ◽  
Wbc Count ◽  
Inflammatory Effect

Here we analyzed whether Daikenchuto (DKT) suppresses postoperative inflammatory reactions in patients who have undergone elective colorectal surgery. DKT is one of the most frequently prescribed traditional (Kampo) medicines in Japan. DKT is reported to have various beneficial effects on bowel disorders. It was recently reported that DKT also has an anti-inflammatory effect. Consecutive patients with colorectal cancer who underwent elective colorectal resection were separated into two groups. A total of 67 patients began a DKT regimen after surgery (DKT group) and 53 patients did not begin the DKT regimen after surgery (control group). We observed a steady postsurgery increase in the white blood cell (WBC) count of all patients on postoperative day 1 (POD 1), whereas the WBC count decreased at PODs 3 and 7. When we compared the WBC values of the DKT group (6147.2 ± 2217.3 per microliter) and control (7071.1 ± 2828.0 per microliter) groups on POD 7, we found significant differences (P = 0.038). There was no significant side effect due to DKT, except for one case of mildly impaired liver function. Our results suggest that DKT administration may have an anti-inflammatory effect during the postoperative period. Further studies are warranted to investigate the possibility of using DKT as a therapeutic agent based on its anti-inflammatory effect.

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