scholarly journals Neural basis of irony comprehension in children with autism: the role of prosody and context

Brain ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 129 (4) ◽  
pp. 932-943 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Ting Wang ◽  
Susan S. Lee ◽  
Marian Sigman ◽  
Mirella Dapretto
Keyword(s):  
Children With Autism ◽  
Neural Basis

The Role of the SLP in Autism Spectrum Disorder Screening and Assessment

2008 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 50-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Philofsky
Keyword(s):  
Language Development ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Children With Asd ◽  
Prevalence Estimates ◽  
Notable Increase ◽  
Screening Assessment ◽  
Critical Components

AbstractRecent prevalence estimates for autism have been alarming as a function of the notable increase. Speech-language pathologists play a critical role in screening, assessment and intervention for children with autism. This article reviews signs that may be indicative of autism at different stages of language development, and discusses the importance of several psychometric properties—sensitivity and specificity—in utilizing screening measures for children with autism. Critical components of assessment for children with autism are reviewed. This article concludes with examples of intervention targets for children with ASD at various levels of language development.

Microbiota, Immune System and Autism Spectrum Disorders: An Integrative Model towards Novel Treatment Options

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (31) ◽  
pp. 5119-5136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Carpita ◽  
Donatella Marazziti ◽  
Lionella Palego ◽  
Gino Giannaccini ◽  
Laura Betti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Familial Aggregation ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Integrative Model ◽  
Neural Basis ◽  
Integrative Framework ◽  
Intermediate Phenotypes ◽  
Close Relatives

Background: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a condition strongly associated with genetic predisposition and familial aggregation. Among ASD patients, different levels of symptoms severity are detectable, while the presence of intermediate autism phenotypes in close relatives of ASD probands is also known in literature. Recently, increasing attention has been paid to environmental factors that might play a role in modulating the relationship between genomic risk and development and severity of ASD. Within this framework, an increasing body of evidence has stressed a possible role of both gut microbiota and inflammation in the pathophysiology of neurodevelopment. The aim of this paper is to review findings about the link between microbiota dysbiosis, inflammation and ASD. Methods: Articles ranging from 1990 to 2018 were identified on PUBMED and Google Scholar databases, with keyword combinations as: microbiota, immune system, inflammation, ASD, autism, broad autism phenotype, adult. Results: Recent evidence suggests that microbiota alterations, immune system and neurodevelopment may be deeply intertwined, shaping each other during early life. However, results from both animal models and human samples are still heterogeneous, while few studies focused on adult patients and ASD intermediate phenotypes. Conclusion: A better understanding of these pathways, within an integrative framework between central and peripheral systems, might not only shed more light on neural basis of ASD symptoms, clarifying brain pathophysiology, but it may also allow to develop new therapeutic strategies for these disorders, still poorly responsive to available treatments.

NEURAL BASIS OF COGNITIVE RESERVE IN DEMENTIA: ROLE OF BILINGUALISM

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. P1197
Author(s):  
Suvarna Alladi ◽  
Shailaja Mekala ◽  
Vani K. Kasyap ◽  
Suneel Kumar Bagadi ◽  
Sireesha Jala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Reserve ◽  
Neural Basis

Neural Basis of Rhythm Perception

2018 ◽  
pp. 164-186
Author(s):  
Christina M. Vanden Bosch der Nederlanden ◽  
J. Eric T. Taylor ◽  
Jessica A. Grahn
Keyword(s):  
Language Processing ◽  
Mirror Neurons ◽  
Auditory Information ◽  
Language Outcomes ◽  
Rhythm Perception ◽  
Neural Basis ◽  
Oscillatory Dynamics ◽  
Motor Excitability ◽  
Neural Underpinnings

To understand and enjoy music, it is important to be able to hear the beat and move your body to the rhythm. However, impaired rhythm processing has a broader impact on perception and cognition beyond music-specific tasks. We also experience rhythms in our everyday interactions, through the lip and jaw movements of watching someone speak, the syllabic structure of words on the radio, and in the movements of our limbs when we walk. Impairments in the ability to perceive and produce rhythms are related to poor language outcomes, such as dyslexia, and they can provide an index of a primary symptom in movement disorders, such as Parkinson’s disease. The chapter summarizes a growing body of literature examining the neural underpinnings of rhythm perception and production. It highlights the importance of auditory-motor relationships in finding and producing a beat in music by reviewing evidence from a number of methodologies. These approaches illustrate how rhythmic auditory information capitalizes on auditory-motor interactions to influence motor excitability, and how beat perception emerges as a function of nonlinear oscillatory dynamics of the brain. Together these studies highlight the important role of rhythm in human development, evolutionary comparisons, multi-modal perception, mirror neurons, language processing, and music.

scholarly journals The Role of Iron in the Pathogenesis of Autism Spectrum Disorders in Children

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 281-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga V. Kostina
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Iron Metabolism ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Disorders ◽  
Perinatal Period ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
The Brain

The review presents an analysis of the mechanisms of iron effect on the brain development. The importance of iron deficiency in the perinatal period is considered as a risk factor for the development of neuropsychiatric disorders in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). Possible causes of sideropenia are discussed; data on haematological and biochemical parameters characterizing iron metabolism in children with ASDs are presented. The demand for studying the role of iron metabolism imbalance in the development of neuropsychiatric disorders in order to clarify pathogenetic mechanisms of ASDs and to determine methods for their correction is emphasized.

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