scholarly journals Phantom limb pain: Thinking outside the (mirror) box

Brain ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamar R Makin
Keyword(s):  
Phantom Limb Pain ◽  
Phantom Limb ◽  
Limb Pain ◽  
Mirror Box

Investigating the efficacy of a virtual mirror box in treating phantom limb pain in a sample of chronic sufferers

2006 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig D Murray ◽  
Emma Patchick ◽  
Stephen Pettifer ◽  
Toby Howard ◽  
Fabrice Caillette ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phantom Limb Pain ◽  
Phantom Limb ◽  
Limb Pain ◽  
Mirror Box

Preoperative Modeling Intervention for Phantom Limb Pain

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheree L. Nichole ◽  
William G. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Phantom Limb Pain ◽  
Phantom Limb ◽  
Limb Pain

Cortical reorganization in phantom limb pain changes after regional anesthesia of the amputated limb

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Montoya ◽  
N. Birbaumer ◽  
W. Lutzenberger ◽  
H. Flor ◽  
W. Grodd ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regional Anesthesia ◽  
Phantom Limb Pain ◽  
Cortical Reorganization ◽  
Phantom Limb ◽  
Limb Pain

Novel Visual Methods Evoke Phantom Sensations and Treat Phantom Limb Pain

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
David H. Peterzell ◽  
Roberta E. Cone ◽  
Christian Carter ◽  
Alexandrea Harmell ◽  
Judy Ortega ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phantom Limb Pain ◽  
Phantom Limb ◽  
Visual Methods ◽  
Limb Pain

Electrical stimulation of referred sensation area alleviates phantom limb pain

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Michihiro Osumi ◽  
Daisuke Shimizu ◽  
Yuki Nishi ◽  
Shu Morioka
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Phantom Limb Pain ◽  
Phantom Limb ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Limb Pain ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Analgesic Effects ◽  
Stimulation Of

Background: Patients with brachial plexus avulsion (BPA) usually experience phantom sensations and phantom limb pain (PLP) in the deafferented limb. It has been suggested that evoking the sensation of touch in the deafferented limb by stimulating referred sensation areas (RSAs) on the cheek or shoulder might alleviate PLP. However, feasible rehabilitation techniques using this approach have not been reported. Objective: The present study sought to examine the analgesic effects of simple electrical stimulation of RSAs in BPA patients with PLP. Methods: Study 1: Electrical stimulation of RSAs for 60 minutes was conducted for six BPA patients suffering from PLP to examine short-term analgesic effects. Study 2: A single case design experiment was conducted with two BPA patients to investigate whether electrical stimulation of RSAs was more effective for alleviating PLP than control electrical stimulation (electrical stimulation of sites on side opposite to the RSAs), and to elucidate the long-term effects of electrical stimulation of RSAs. Results: Study 1: Electrical stimulation of RSAs evoked phantom touch sensations in the deafferented limb, and significantly alleviated PLP (p <  0.05). Study 2: PLP was alleviated more after electrical stimulation on RSAs compared with control electrical stimulation (p <  0.05). However, the analgesic effects of electrical stimulation on RSAs were observed only in the short term, not in the long term (p >  0.05). Conclusions: Electrical stimulation of RSAs not only evoked phantom touch sensation but also alleviated PLP in the short term. The results indicate that electrical stimulation of RSAs may provide a useful practical rehabilitation technique for PLP. Future studies will be required to clarify the mechanisms underlying immediate PLP alleviation via electrical stimulation of RSAs.

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