scholarly journals On the 400th anniversary of the birth of Thomas Willis

Brain ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoltan Molnar
Keyword(s):  
Translational Research ◽  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
Medical Training ◽  
Clinical Neurology ◽  
Case Histories ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Personalized Care ◽  
Clinical Observations ◽  
Scholastic Tradition ◽  
Clinical Cases

Abstract In 2021 we celebrate the 400th anniversary of the birth of one of the greatest neuroanatomists, Thomas Willis, the founder of clinical neurology. Willis’ name is usually associated with ‘the circle’ and the word ‘neurologia’, but his work which comprised insightful descriptions of clinical cases and clear, well-illustrated and articulated scientific publications and case histories also formed the foundation of modern translational research and clinical medicine. In the 16th and 17th centuries classical medical training was based on academic, scholastic tradition, not empirical observations. Willis' work highlights the importance of first-hand clinical observations, and the personalized care of patients and their families. It also emphasizes the importance of interdisciplinary working and the significance of different viewpoints.

Chekhov's Environmental Psychology: Medicine and the Early Stories

Slavic Review ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 709-730
Author(s):  
Matthew Mangold
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
Environmental Psychology ◽  
Medical Writing ◽  
Early Writing ◽  
Mental Life ◽  
Case Histories ◽  
Artistic Vision ◽  
Literary Writing ◽  
Core Issues

In light of the historical circumstances surrounding Anton Chekhov's early writing career and his own statements about the importance of medicine to it, there is surprisingly little scholarship on how medicine shaped his prose. What ideas was he introduced to in medical school and how did he apply them? Which of these drew his attention as he strove to articulate a new artistic vision? How did Chekhov draw on his experience with medicine to experiment with new themes and forms in his literary writing? This article addresses these questions by focusing on the aspects of medicine that had the most discernable influence on Chekhov as he developed his literary writing: hygiene, clinical medicine, and psychiatry. It argues that Chekhov engaged with core issues of medicine not only as a medical student who wrote case histories of his patients, but also as a groundbreaking writer. As he transcodes insights from the clinic into his prose, he creates a new conception of details that disclose relationships between settings and characters and an environmental psychology emerges across his medical writing and fiction. His stories envision relationships between physical and mental life with such originality that he becomes a new literary force not long after completing his medical education.

Hormone-active adrenal cortex tumors

1985 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-159
Author(s):  
Z. Sh. Gilyazutdinova ◽  
G. V. Sukhanova ◽  
A. A. Kilensky
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Cortex ◽  
Ovarian Tumors ◽  
Case Histories ◽  
Clinical Observations ◽  
Androgenic Effect

Clinical observations describing the case histories of three patients with hormone-active ovarian tumors with androgenic effect are presented.

Connecting the Bench with the Bedside

2011 ◽  
pp. 249-267
Author(s):  
Yue Wang Webster ◽  
Ernst R Dow ◽  
Mathew J Palakal
Keyword(s):  
Complex System ◽  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Translational Research ◽  
Dynamic Process ◽  
Hybrid Approach ◽  
Disease Area ◽  
Cancer Disease ◽  
Clinical Observations ◽  
Hypotheses Generation

Even though numerous tools and technologies have been developed to meet this need with various degrees of success, a conceptual framework is needed to fully realize the value of those tools and technologies. The authors propose Complex System (CS) to be the logical foundation of such a framework. Since translational research is a spiral and dynamic process. With the CS mindset, they designed a multi-layer architecture called HyGen (Hypotheses Generation Framework) to address the challenges faced by translational researchers. In order to evaluate the framework, the authors carried out heuristic and quantitative tests in Colorectal Cancer disease area. The results demonstrate the potential of this hybrid approach to bridge silos and to identify hidden links among clinical observations, drugs, genes and diseases, which may eventually lead to the discovery of novel disease targets, biomarkers and therapies.

Introduction

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Pat Croskerry
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
Medical Training ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Current Medical ◽  
Dual Process ◽  
Cognitive Sciences ◽  
Clinical Detail ◽  
The Rich

Medical error is one of the leading causes of death, and most of these errors appear to occur in the ways that practitioners’ thoughts and feelings impact their decision making. Major gains have been made in the cognitive sciences in the past few decades that have provided a model for understanding how decisions are made—dual process theory. It is an excellent platform on which to examine the different ways decisions are made. Importantly, it allows for the examination of the pervasive influence of cognitive and affective biases on clinical decision making. Current medical training appears to fall short of what is needed to produce rational decision makers, due to what has been referred to as a mindware gap. Practitioners need to move from routine expertise to a higher level of expertise that will close this gap. A clear difficulty lies in finding ways of understanding and teaching the clinical decision-making process that do not violate the ecological characteristics of real-time clinical practice. By preserving as much as possible the rich clinical detail that makes up clinical medicine, this book attempts to offer important insights into the process.

Basic Principles of Translational Research

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boris Rubinsky
Keyword(s):  
Translational Research ◽  
Basic Concept ◽  
Basic Science ◽  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
Irreversible Electroporation ◽  
The Public ◽  
Food Engineering ◽  
New Science ◽  
Fda Approval ◽  
Health Laws

Translational research turns fundamental new science and innovations into a product that has value to the public. The process is difficult because it combines a variety of diverse disciplines and skills from basic science, clinical medicine, engineering, business, public health, laws and regulations. These areas are so wide apart that it is very difficult to combine. The author has engaged in translational research since the early 1980’s and will describe the processes, pitfalls and rewards through typical examples from his projects that include: development of imaging monitored cryosurgery from concept to treatment of hundreds of thousands of patients, transgenes in food engineering from basic science to a twenty year wait for FDA approval, microelectroporation from basic concept to incorporation of the technology by numerous companies and non-thermal irreversible electroporation from basic concept to current clinical use in over 50 hospitals and over thousand treated patients.

Oxford Textbook of Neuromuscular Disorders

2014 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Neuromuscular Disorders ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Typical Case ◽  
Clinical Neurology ◽  
Case Histories ◽  
Clinical Context ◽  
Sensory Pathways ◽  
Neuromuscular Conditions

Part of the Oxford Textbooks in Clinical Neurology series, the Oxford Textbook of Neuromuscular Disorders covers the scientific basis, clinical diagnosis, and treatment of neuromuscular disorders with a particular focus on the most clinically relevant disorders. The resource is organized into seven sections, starting with the general approach to the patient with neuromuscular disorders and then focusing on specific neuromuscular conditions affecting the peripheral nervous system from its origins at the spinal cord anterior horn on its outward course to their effector muscles and the inbound sensory pathways. Chapters on specific neuromuscular conditions are illustrated with typical case histories and their presenting features, allowing readers to put rarer conditions into their clinical context more easily.

Pioneering orthopaedic trauma surgery in Turkey: Burhaneddin Toker (1890–1951), the stormy 1930s, and refugees running from Nazism

2020 ◽  
pp. 096777202093501
Author(s):  
Erdem Bagatur
Keyword(s):  
Orthopedic Surgery ◽  
Medical Training ◽  
Trauma Surgery ◽  
Musculoskeletal Injuries ◽  
Trauma Patients ◽  
Orthopedic Trauma ◽  
The West ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Medical Discipline ◽  
Republican Government

Orthopedic surgery, the medical discipline that deals with diseases and injuries of the musculoskeletal system has been considered a distinct medical discipline in the west since the beginning of the twentieth century. However, in Turkey, the acceptance of musculoskeletal traumatology as an integral part of orthopedic surgery actualized as late as 1961. Previously, orthopedic trauma patients were usually treated in general surgery departments. Dr. Burhaneddin Toker, a true pioneer, changed this conduct of the time in Turkey. He transformed Cerrahpaşa Hospital, then a municipality hospital today the well-known Cerrahpaşa Medical School of Istanbul University, to a trauma center. He pioneered systematic surgery of the musculoskeletal injuries, created a separate service for musculoskeletal traumatology, trained many surgeons in this field, wrote textbooks, and reported his clinical experience in scientific publications. This study examines the biography of Burhaneddin Toker and how he was able to further medical training in Turkey with a focus on Turkey in the stormy 1930s, the way the young republican government under Atatürk’s leadership handled educational issues, and the refugee scientists who found a safe haven in Turkey fleeing Nazism.

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