EFFECTS OF HYPERVENTILATION WITH AND WITHOUT CARBON DIOXIDE ON EXPERIMENTAL CEREBRAL ISCHEMIA AND INFARCTION: STUDIES OF REGIONAL CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW AND HISTOPATHOLOGY AFTER OCCLUSION OF A MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERY IN CATS

Brain ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
TAKENORI YAMAGUCHI ◽  
FRANCO REGLI ◽  
ARTHUR G. WALTZ
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Ischemia ◽  
Middle Cerebral Artery ◽  
Cerebral Artery ◽  
Regional Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Regional Cerebral Blood ◽  
Experimental Cerebral Ischemia

Effects of Repeated Temporary Clipping of the Middle Cerebral Artery on Pial Arterial Diameter, Regional Cerebral Blood Flow, and Brain Structure in Cats

Neurosurgery ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 914-920 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshisuke Sakaki ◽  
Shigeru Tsunoda ◽  
Tetsuya Morimoto ◽  
Taiji Ishida ◽  
Yasunori Sasaoka
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Middle Cerebral Artery ◽  
Cerebral Artery ◽  
Cerebral Edema ◽  
Regional Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Regional Cerebral Blood ◽  
Arterial Diameter ◽  
Pial Arteries ◽  
Temporary Clipping

Abstract Temporary clipping of the major arterial trunk is an important maneuver to control excessive unexpected bleeding in neurosurgical operations; however, repeated temporary clipping can give rise to severe neurological deficits after surgery. The present study was performed to confirm and explain these clinical findings. Initially, a single 20-minute or 1-hour occlusion of the middle cerebral artery was performed in each of 5 cats. Pial arterial diameter was determined by video imaging, regional cerebral blood flow was measured by autoradiography, and cerebral edema and infarction were observed. In the 20-minute occlusion group, no abnormal changes were found 5 hours after recirculation. In the 1-hour occlusion group, pial arteries were dilated by 45%, and regional cerebral blood flow increased to more than twice the resting cortical values. The extent of cerebral edema was 41.2 ± 7.5% (SE) and infarction was 34.5 ± 9.5% (SE) of the hemisphere. In the second experiment, three 20-minute occlusions of the middle cerebral artery in a 1-hour interval were performed in 20 cats. In 10 of them, thiopental (40 mg/kg) was used to protect the brain. In the group without barbiturate treatment, pial arteries were dilated by 40% at the end of experiment, regional cerebral blood flow decreased to about 70% compared with single 20-minute occlusion, cerebral edema was 19.5 ± 8.1% (SE), and infarction was 8.1 ± 3.7% (SE) of the hemisphere. In the treated group, these were only trivial changes. The effect of repeated clipping may cumulatively cause brain damage, and barbiturates should be used whenever repeated clipping is necessary.

Regional cerebral blood flow and oxygen utilization in superficial temporal-middle cerebral artery anastomosis patients

1979 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 733-741 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert L. Grubb ◽  
Robert A. Ratcheson ◽  
Marcus E. Raichle ◽  
Arthur B. Kliefoth ◽  
Mokhtar H. Gado
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Middle Cerebral Artery ◽  
Cerebral Artery ◽  
Regional Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Superficial Temporal Artery ◽  
Regional Cerebral Blood ◽  
Oxygen Utilization ◽  
Cerebrovascular Lesions ◽  
Before And After

✓ Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and regional cerebral oxygen utilization (rCMRO2) were measured before and after surgery in nine patients undergoing a superficial temporal artery-middle cerebral artery (STA-MCA) anastomosis to bypass cerebrovascular lesions not amenable to extracranial operative procedures. The objective of these studies was to determine whether measurements of this type could provide objective criteria for surgery as well as assess the effect of surgery. The preliminary data, although limited, suggest that measurements of regional cerebral hemodynamics and metabolism in these patients before and after surgery provide valuable data upon which to develop criteria and assess results. For example, 1) a significant depression of rCBF and rCMRO2 in patients in whom a major cerebral infarction has not occurred, or 2) relative preservation of rCMRO2 despite depressed rCBF seem to be favorable indications for establishing a functioning STA-MCA anastomosis. In such patients, STA-MCA anastomosis can be followed by a return of rCBF and rCMRO2 to virtually normal levels. Relatively normal rCBF and rCMRO2 in the presence of an occluded internal carotid artery in asymptomatic patients indicates satisfactory collateral circulation and is probably a contraindication to surgery.

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