ENLARGEMENT OF THE INFERIOR OLIVARY NUCLEUS IN ASSOCIATION WITH LESIONS OF THE CENTRAL TEGMENTAL TRACT OR DENTATE NUCLEUS

Brain ◽  
1961 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. GAUTIER ◽  
W. BLACKWOOD
Keyword(s):  
Dentate Nucleus ◽  
Inferior Olivary Nucleus ◽  
Central Tegmental Tract ◽  
Inferior Olivary ◽  
Olivary Nucleus

scholarly journals The Dentato-Rubro-Olivary Tract: Clinical Dimension of This Anatomical Pathway

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fadil Khoyratty ◽  
Thomas Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Red Nucleus ◽  
Inferior Olivary Nucleus ◽  
Superior Cerebellar Peduncle ◽  
Palatal Tremor ◽  
History Of ◽  
Brachium Conjunctivum ◽  
Central Tegmental Tract ◽  
Cerebellar Peduncle ◽  
Inferior Olivary ◽  
Olivary Nucleus

Symptomatic palatal tremor is potentially the result of a lesion in the triangle of Guillain-Mollaret (1931) and is associated with hypertrophic olivary degeneration (HOD) which has characteristic MR findings. The triangle is defined by dentate efferents ascending through the superior cerebellar peduncle and crossing in the decussation of the brachium conjunctivum inferior to the red nucleus, to finaliy reach the inferior olivary nucleus (ION) via the central tegmental tract. The triangle is completed by ION decussating efferents terminating on the original dentate nucleus via the inferior cerebellar peduncle. We can demonstrate the anatomy of this anatomical triangle using a clinical case of palatal tremor presenting with bilateral subjective pulsatile tinnitus along with the pathognomonic MR findings previously described. The hyperintense T2 signal in these patients may be permanent, but the hypertrophied olive normally regresses after 4 years. The temporal relationship between the evolution of the histopathology and the development of the palatal tremor remains unknown as does the natural history of the tremor. Botox injection at the level of tensor and levator veli palatini insertion have been used to treat patients with disabling tremor synchronous tinnitus. A lesion involving the triangle can have a quite varied clinical expression.

scholarly journals Bilateral surgical damage of the central tegmental tract resulting in bilateral hypertrophic olivary degeneration: An MRI case report

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 182-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Lana ◽  
Chiara Ganazzoli ◽  
Girolamo Crisi
Keyword(s):  
Cranial Nerve ◽  
Cranial Nerve Palsy ◽  
Nerve Palsy ◽  
Neuronal Degeneration ◽  
Inferior Olivary Nucleus ◽  
Hypertrophic Olivary Degeneration ◽  
Seventh Cranial Nerve ◽  
Central Tegmental Tract ◽  
Inferior Olivary ◽  
Olivary Nucleus

Hypertrophic olivary degeneration (HOD) is a rare trans-synaptic neuronal degeneration of the inferior olivary nucleus caused by an injury to the dentato-rubro-olivary connection, also known as Guillain-Mollaret triangle. It leads to hypertrophy of the affected nucleus rather than atrophy and is characterized by hyperintensity on T2-weighted images. Unilateral and bilateral cases are described. We present a case of a 70-year-old patient affected by a tumor inside the fourth ventricle who suffered from diplopia and right seventh cranial nerve palsy. He underwent surgery and developed left seventh cranial nerve palsy. Three months after resection, magnetic resonance imaging revealed the appearance of bilateral HOD. This is the first report of bilateral HOD occurrence after surgical bilateral damage of the rubro-olivary fibers running in central tegmental tracts.

scholarly journals Bilateral olivary hypertrophy after unilateral cerebellar infarction: case report

2005 ◽  
Vol 63 (2a) ◽  
pp. 321-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana Bastos Conforto ◽  
Jerusa Smid ◽  
Suely Kazue Nagahashi Marie ◽  
Jovana Gobbi Marchesi Ciríaco ◽  
Patrícia Paula Santoro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Dentate Nucleus ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Inferior Olivary Nucleus ◽  
Cerebellar Infarction ◽  
Superior Cerebellar Peduncle ◽  
Olivary Hypertrophy ◽  
Cerebellar Peduncle ◽  
Inferior Olivary ◽  
Olivary Nucleus

We describe a case of bilateral olivary hypertrophy and palatal tremor after unilateral cerebellar infarction. Hypertrophic olivary degeneration (HOD) is associated with hypersignal in the inferior olivary nucleus (ION), on T2-weighted images. HOD has been more often observed ipsilaterally to a central tegmentum tract lesion or contralaterally to a dentate nucleus or a superior cerebellar peduncle lesion. Double innervation of each ION from either dentate nucleus may have underlied the imaging and clinical findings in this 63 year-old male patient.

Degenerazione ipertrofica delle olive inferiori Segnalazione di un caso

1997 ◽  
Vol 10 (2_suppl) ◽  
pp. 199-201
Author(s):  
P.L. Lanza ◽  
W. Auteri ◽  
G.A. Armentano ◽  
G. De Vuono ◽  
G. Santoro
Keyword(s):  
Dentate Nucleus ◽  
Red Nucleus ◽  
Acute Injury ◽  
Inferior Olivary Nucleus ◽  
Superior Cerebellar Peduncle ◽  
Transsynaptic Degeneration ◽  
Midbrain Tegmentum ◽  
Cerebellar Peduncle ◽  
Inferior Olivary ◽  
Olivary Nucleus

Olivary hypertrophic Degeneration (OHD) is usually due to hemorrhagic lesions in the “Guillain Mollaret” triangle: trangular morphologic and functional relationship between the red nucleus and inferior olivary nucleus on one side and the controlateral dentate nucleus. The hemorrhage involves the pons-midbrain tegmentum on the same side of the olive or the controlateral superior cerebellar peduncle and/or dentate nucleus. It is regarded as transsynaptic degeneration and has typical MR features: morphologic changes and increased signal intensity on DP-T2 weighted images, with a carachteristic chronologic evolution after acute injury. We present a case report.

Drug-induced activation of the inferior olivary nucleus in young rabbits

1985 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 645-654 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.A. Barragan ◽  
N. Delhaye-Bouchaud ◽  
P. Laget
Keyword(s):  
Inferior Olivary Nucleus ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Inferior Olivary ◽  
Olivary Nucleus

scholarly journals Inferior Olivary nucleus degeneration does not lessen tremor in essential tremor

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elan D. Louis ◽  
Daniel Trujillo Diaz ◽  
Sheng-Han Kuo ◽  
Shi-Rui Gan ◽  
Etty P. Cortes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Tremor ◽  
Inferior Olivary Nucleus ◽  
Inferior Olivary ◽  
Olivary Nucleus

Hyperventilation evoked by activation of the vicinity of the caudal inferior olivary nucleus depends on the fastigial nucleus in anesthetized rats

2008 ◽  
Vol 104 (5) ◽  
pp. 1351-1358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianguo Zhuang ◽  
Fadi Xu ◽  
Donald T. Frazier
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Ibotenic Acid ◽  
Fastigial Nucleus ◽  
Inferior Olivary Nucleus ◽  
Ventilatory Responses ◽  
Respiratory Modulation ◽  
Spontaneously Breathing ◽  
Inferior Olivary ◽  
Olivary Nucleus

Several studies have demonstrated that cerebellar deep nuclei, particularly the rostral fastigial nucleus (FNr), are involved in respiratory modulation. These nuclei receive inputs from the contralateral caudal inferior olivary nuclei of the medulla. The objectives of this study were to determine whether electrical and chemical activation of the vicinity of the caudal inferior olivary nuclei (vIOc) affected respiration and, if true, whether the FNr was involved in the vIOc stimulation-evoked ventilatory responses. Experiments were conducted in 30 anesthetized and spontaneously breathing rats. Our results showed that 1) electrical (25 or 100 μA at 10 or 20 Hz for 10 s) and chemical (1 or 100 mM, 25–50 nl N-methyl-d-aspartate) stimulation of the vIOc augmented ventilation predominantly via increasing tidal volume; 2) the responses to the electrical stimulation were almost eliminated by lesion of the contralateral FNr via microinjection of ibotenic acid; and 3) the respiratory responses to electrical stimulation in the vicinity of the rostral IO were 65–70% smaller compared with that evoked by vIOc stimulation. These findings strongly suggest that vIOc neurons play a significant role in modulation of respiratory activity, largely depending on their projections to the FNr.

Subthreshold oscillations of the membrane potential: a functional synchronizing and timing device

1993 ◽  
Vol 70 (5) ◽  
pp. 2181-2186 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Lampl ◽  
Y. Yarom
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Potential ◽  
Logic Gate ◽  
Maximum Amplitude ◽  
Sine Wave ◽  
Inferior Olivary Nucleus ◽  
Synaptic Potential ◽  
Synaptic Potentials ◽  
Subthreshold Oscillations ◽  
Inferior Olivary ◽  
Olivary Nucleus

1. Subthreshold membrane potential oscillations have been observed in different types of CNS neurons. In this in vitro study, we examined the possible role of these oscillations by analyzing the responses of neurons from the inferior olivary nucleus to a combined stimulation of sine wave and synaptic potentials. 2. A nonlinear summation of the sine wave and the synaptic potential occurred in olivary neurons; a superlinear summation occurred when the synaptic potential was elicited at the trough of the sine wave or during the rising phase. On the other hand, a less than linear summation occurred when the synaptic potentials were evoked during the falling phase of the wave. 3. Significant changes in the delay of the synaptic responses were observed. As a result of these changes, the maximum amplitude of the response occurred at the peak of the sine wave, regardless of the exact time of stimulation. The output of the neuron was therefore synchronized with the sine wave and depended only partly on the input phase. 4. These data demonstrate that neurons from the inferior olivary nucleus are capable of operating as accurate synchronizing devices. Moreover, by affecting the delay line, they act as a logic gate that ensures that the information will be added to the system only at given times.

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