scholarly journals Plasminogen activators in multiple sclerosis lesions: Implications for the inflammatory response and axonal damage

Brain ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 124 (10) ◽  
pp. 1978-1988 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Gveric
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Plasminogen Activators ◽  
Axonal Damage

scholarly journals Main Role of Antibodies in Demyelination and Axonal Damage in Multiple Sclerosis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ursula Muñoz ◽  
Cristina Sebal ◽  
Esther Escudero ◽  
Margaret Esiri ◽  
John Tzartos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Axonal Damage ◽  
Main Role

Putting Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Studies in Context: Axonal Damage and Disability in Multiple Sclerosis

1998 ◽  
Vol 18 (03) ◽  
pp. 327-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Matthews ◽  
N. De Stefano ◽  
S. Narayanan ◽  
G. Francis ◽  
J. Wolinsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Axonal Damage ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Spectroscopy Studies

Serum neurofilament levels correlate with retinal nerve fiber layer thinning in multiple sclerosis

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (13) ◽  
pp. 1682-1690 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Bsteh ◽  
Klaus Berek ◽  
Harald Hegen ◽  
Barbara Teuchner ◽  
Arabella Buchmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Nerve Fiber ◽  
Single Molecule ◽  
Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer ◽  
Axonal Damage ◽  
Fiber Layer ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Nerve Fiber Layer ◽  
Retinal Nerve Fiber

Background: Serum neurofilament light chain (sNfL) levels and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) are both emerging biomarkers of neuro-axonal damage in multiple sclerosis (MS). However, data on the relation between sNfL and pRNFL are scarce. Objective: We aimed to determine the relation of sNfL levels with pRNFL thinning in a large cohort of relapsing–remitting (RR) MS patients. Methods: We identified 80 patients from a prospective, 3-year observational study on retinal changes in RRMS with annual blood samples available. sNfL levels were measured using single-molecule array (SimoaTM) assay. Annualized loss of pRNFL (aLpRNFL) was determined by individual linear regression models. Correlations between single and repeated sNfL levels and aLpRNFL were analyzed using multivariate linear regression and mixed-effect models. Results: After correction for sex, age, and baseline sNfL, an sNfL increase of 10 pg/mL was associated with an aLpRNFL of −0.7 µm (95% confidence interval (CI): (−1.3, −0.2), p < 0.001). Patients with ⩾2 sNfL measurements >75th percentile displayed higher aLpRNFL (2.2 µm, standard deviation (SD) 0.6) compared to patients with no sNfL measure >75th percentile (0.4 µm, SD 0.2, p < 0.001). Between 15% and 20% of the aLpRNFL variance could be predicted from sNfL levels. Conclusion: sNfL levels contribute to the prediction of retinal thinning in patients with RRMS, strengthening its value as a biomarker of neuro-axonal damage.

scholarly journals Cannabis and Inflammatory Mediators

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-24
Author(s):  
Marcelo G. Lima ◽  
Vitor S. Tardelli ◽  
Elisa Brietzke ◽  
Thiago M. Fidalgo
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Inflammatory Mediators ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Pubmed Database ◽  
Inflammatory Activation ◽  
The Impact

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Although the recreational cannabis use is expressive worldwide, the literature about medical potential of cannabis extracts, including its anti-inflammatory properties, remains inconclusive. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We screened all articles, published on the PubMed database, on inflammatory mediators and any information about cannabis use from 1980 to March 2019. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Six studies were included, and the main findings were as follows: (i) among healthy volunteers and cannabis users, cannabinoids seemed to decrease the inflammatory response, thus decreasing the immune response, which led to a higher risk of infections; (ii) among patients with multiple sclerosis, cannabinoids seemed to have little impact on the inflammatory markers’ levels. <b><i>Discussion:</i></b> Although cannabis use can produce immune inflammatory suppression in healthy people, this effect is not robust enough to change inflammatory mediators’ levels in situations of highly dysfunctional inflammatory activation. Nevertheless, the impact of cannabinoids in clinical outcomes of these conditions remains to be determined.

scholarly journals Calpeptin attenuated inflammation, cell death, and axonal damage in animal model of multiple sclerosis

2010 ◽  
pp. NA-NA ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kelly Guyton ◽  
Arabinda Das ◽  
Supriti Samantaray ◽  
Gerald C. Wallace ◽  
Jonathan T. Butler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Animal Model ◽  
Cell Death ◽  
Axonal Damage

scholarly journals Gene expression in oligodendrocytes during remyelination reveals cholesterol homeostasis as a therapeutic target in multiple sclerosis

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 (20) ◽  
pp. 10130-10139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rhonda R. Voskuhl ◽  
Noriko Itoh ◽  
Alessia Tassoni ◽  
Macy Akiyo Matsukawa ◽  
Emily Ren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Corpus Callosum ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Cholesterol Synthesis ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Axonal Damage ◽  
Cholesterol Homeostasis ◽  
Sequencing Analysis

Regional differences in neurons, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and microglia exist in the brain during health, and regional differences in the transcriptome may occur for each cell type during neurodegeneration. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is multifocal, and regional differences in the astrocyte transcriptome occur in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an MS model. MS and EAE are characterized by inflammation, demyelination, and axonal damage, with minimal remyelination. Here, RNA-sequencing analysis of MS tissues from six brain regions suggested a focus on oligodendrocyte lineage cells (OLCs) in corpus callosum. Olig1-RiboTag mice were used to determine the translatome of OLCs in vivo in corpus callosum during the remyelination phase of a chronic cuprizone model with axonal damage. Cholesterol-synthesis gene pathways dominated as the top up-regulated pathways in OLCs during remyelination. In EAE, remyelination was induced with estrogen receptor-β (ERβ) ligand treatment, and up-regulation of cholesterol-synthesis gene expression was again observed in OLCs. ERβ-ligand treatment in the cuprizone model further increased cholesterol synthesis gene expression and enhanced remyelination. Conditional KOs of ERβ in OLCs demonstrated that increased cholesterol-synthesis gene expression in OLCs was mediated by direct effects in both models. To address this direct effect, ChIP assays showed binding of ERβ to the putative estrogen-response element of a key cholesterol-synthesis gene (Fdps). As fetal OLCs are exposed in utero to high levels of estrogens in maternal blood, we discuss how remyelinating properties of estrogen treatment in adults during injury may recapitulate normal developmental myelination through targeting cholesterol homeostasis in OLCs.

Diffuse Axonal Damage, Myelin Impairment, Astrocytosis and Inflammatory Response Following Microinjections of NMDA into The Rat Striatum

Inflammation ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael R. Lima ◽  
Joanilson Guimaraes-Silva ◽  
Jorge L. Oliveira ◽  
Ana Maria R. Costa ◽  
Renata D. Souza-Rodrigues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Axonal Damage ◽  
Rat Striatum
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