IMPAIRED NON-MOTOR LEARNING AND ERROR DETECTION ASSOCIATED WITH CEREBELLAR DAMAGE

Brain ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 115 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
JULIE A. FIEZ ◽  
STEVEN E. PETERSEN ◽  
MARSHALL K. CHENEY ◽  
MARCUS E. RAICHLE
Keyword(s):  
Motor Learning ◽  
Error Detection ◽  
Cerebellar Damage

scholarly journals Cerebellar motor learning: are environment dynamics more important than error size?

2013 ◽  
Vol 110 (2) ◽  
pp. 322-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tricia L. Gibo ◽  
Sarah E. Criscimagna-Hemminger ◽  
Allison M. Okamura ◽  
Amy J. Bastian
Keyword(s):  
Motor Learning ◽  
Force Field ◽  
Complex Dynamics ◽  
External Perturbation ◽  
Joint Space ◽  
Relative Effect ◽  
Small Error ◽  
Cerebellar Damage ◽  
Movement Dynamics ◽  
Compensatory Strategy

Cerebellar damage impairs the control of complex dynamics during reaching movements. It also impairs learning of predictable dynamic perturbations through an error-based process. Prior work suggests that there are distinct neural mechanisms involved in error-based learning that depend on the size of error experienced. This is based, in part, on the observation that people with cerebellar degeneration may have an intact ability to learn from small errors. Here we studied the relative effect of specific dynamic perturbations and error size on motor learning of a reaching movement in patients with cerebellar damage. We also studied generalization of learning within different coordinate systems (hand vs. joint space). Contrary to our expectation, we found that error size did not alter cerebellar patients' ability to learn the force field. Instead, the direction of the force field affected patients' ability to learn, regardless of whether the force perturbations were introduced gradually (small error) or abruptly (large error). Patients performed best in fields that helped them compensate for movement dynamics associated with reaching. However, they showed much more limited generalization patterns than control subjects, indicating that patients rely on a different learning mechanism. We suggest that patients typically use a compensatory strategy to counteract movement dynamics. They may learn to relax this compensatory strategy when the external perturbation is favorable to counteracting their movement dynamics, and improve reaching performance. Altogether, these findings show that dynamics affect learning in cerebellar patients more than error size.

scholarly journals Neuronal representation of saccadic error in macaque posterior parietal cortex (PPC)

eLife ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Zhou ◽  
Yining Liu ◽  
Haidong Lu ◽  
Si Wu ◽  
Mingsha Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Motor Learning ◽  
Parietal Cortex ◽  
Error Detection ◽  
Posterior Parietal Cortex ◽  
Spatial Perception ◽  
Saccadic Response ◽  
Motor Intention ◽  
Self Recognition ◽  
Posterior Parietal ◽  
Neuronal Computation

Motor control, motor learning, self-recognition, and spatial perception all critically depend on the comparison of motor intention to the actually executed movement. Despite our knowledge that the brainstem-cerebellum plays an important role in motor error detection and motor learning, the involvement of neocortex remains largely unclear. Here, we report the neuronal computation and representation of saccadic error in macaque posterior parietal cortex (PPC). Neurons with persistent pre- and post-saccadic response (PPS) represent the intended end-position of saccade; neurons with late post-saccadic response (LPS) represent the actual end-position of saccade. Remarkably, after the arrival of the LPS signal, the PPS neurons’ activity becomes highly correlated with the discrepancy between intended and actual end-position, and with the probability of making secondary (corrective) saccades. Thus, this neuronal computation might underlie the formation of saccadic error signals in PPC for speeding up saccadic learning and leading the occurrence of secondary saccade.

The Effects Of Self-produced, Post-response Error Detection On Motor Learning.

1997 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
L. Riolo ◽  
P. Catlin ◽  
M. Chabot ◽  
J. Gibbs ◽  
P. Netzow
Keyword(s):  
Motor Learning ◽  
Error Detection ◽  
Response Error

scholarly journals Size of Error Affects Cerebellar Contributions to Motor Learning

2010 ◽  
Vol 103 (4) ◽  
pp. 2275-2284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah E. Criscimagna-Hemminger ◽  
Amy J. Bastian ◽  
Reza Shadmehr
Keyword(s):  
Motor Learning ◽  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
Reaching Movements ◽  
Motor Memory ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Neural Basis ◽  
Large Magnitude ◽  
Cerebellar Damage ◽  
Latent Ability ◽  
The Brain

Small errors may affect the process of learning in a fundamentally different way than large errors. For example, adapting reaching movements in response to a small perturbation produces generalization patterns that are different from large perturbations. Are distinct neural mechanisms engaged in response to large versus small errors? Here, we examined the motor learning process in patients with severe degeneration of the cerebellum. Consistent with earlier reports, we found that the patients were profoundly impaired in adapting their motor commands during reaching movements in response to large, sudden perturbations. However, when the same magnitude perturbation was imposed gradually over many trials, the patients showed marked improvements, uncovering a latent ability to learn from errors. On sudden removal of the perturbation, the patients exhibited aftereffects that persisted much longer than did those in healthy controls. That is, despite cerebellar damage, the brain maintained the ability to learn from small errors and the motor memory that resulted from this learning was strongly resistant to change. Of note was the fact that on completion of learning, the motor output of the cerebellar patients remained distinct from healthy controls in terms of its temporal characteristics. Therefore cerebellar degeneration impaired the ability to learn from large-magnitude errors, but had a lesser impact on learning from small errors. The neural basis of motor learning in response to small and large errors appears to be distinct.

The Effects of Self-produced, Postresponse Error Detection on Motor Learning

1996 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
L Riolo ◽  
P Catlin ◽  
M Chabot ◽  
J Gibbs ◽  
P. Netzow
Keyword(s):  
Motor Learning ◽  
Error Detection

Ultrastorcture of Cerebellar Purkinje Cells in Rats Subjected To Partial Global Cerebral Ischemia

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 674-675
Author(s):  
R.V.W. Dimlich ◽  
M.H. Biros
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Ischemia ◽  
Purkinje Cells ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Microscopic Level ◽  
Global Cerebral Ischemia ◽  
Light Microscopic Level ◽  
Cerebellar Damage ◽  
Cerebellar Injury ◽  
Cerebellar Purkinje Cells ◽  
Cell Changes

In severe cerebral ischemia, Purkinje cells of the cerebellum are one of the cell types most vulnerable to anoxic damage. In the partial (forebrain) global ischemic (PGI) model of the rat, Paljärvi noted at the light microscopic level that cerebellar damage is inconsistant and when present, milder than in the telencephalon, diencephalon and rostral brain stem. Cerebellar injury was observed in 3 of 4 PGI rats following 5 minutes of reperfusion but in none of the rats after 90 min of reperfusion. To evaluate a time between these two extremes (5 and 90 min), the present investigation used the PGI model to study the effects of ischemia on the ultrastructure of cerebellar Purkinje cells in rats that were sacrificed after 30 min of reperfusion. This time also was chosen because lactic acid that is thought to contribute to ischemic cell changes in PGI is at a maximum after 30 min of reperfusion.

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