DOUBLE DISSOCIATION OF SHORT-TERM AND LONG-TERM MEMORY FOR NONVERBAL MATERIAL IN PARKINSON'S DISEASE AND GLOBAL AMNESIA

Brain ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 114 (2) ◽  
pp. 893-906 ◽  
Author(s):  
EDITH V. SULLIVAN ◽  
HARVEY J. SAGAR
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Double Dissociation ◽  
Global Amnesia

scholarly journals Correlation of EEG Slowing with Cognitive Domains in Nondemented Patients with Parkinson's Disease

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 207-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronan Zimmermann ◽  
Ute Gschwandtner ◽  
Florian Hatz ◽  
Christian Schindler ◽  
Habib Bousleiman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Median Frequency ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Cognitive Domains ◽  
Visuospatial Functions

Background: Cognitive deficits in Parkinson's disease (PD) are heterogeneous and can be classified into cognitive domains. Quantitative EEG is related to and predictive of cognitive status in PD. In this cross-sectional study, the relationship of cognitive domains and EEG slowing in PD patients without dementia is investigated. Methods: A total of 48 patients with idiopathic PD were neuropsychologically tested. Cognitive domain scores were calculated combining Z-scores of test variables. Slowing of EEG was measured with median EEG frequency. Linear regression was used for correlational analyses and to control for confounding factors. Results: EEG median frequency was significantly correlated to cognitive performance in most domains (episodic long-term memory, rho = 0.54; overall cognitive score, rho = 0.47; fluency, rho = 0.39; attention, rho = 0.37; executive function, rho = 0.34), but not to visuospatial functions and working memory. Conclusion: Global EEG slowing is a marker for overall cognitive impairment in PD and correlates with impairment in the domains attention, executive function, verbal fluency, and episodic long-term memory, but not with working memory and visuospatial functions. These disparate effects warrant further investigations.

scholarly journals Dopamine is associated with prioritization of reward-associated memories in Parkinson’s disease

Brain ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 143 (8) ◽  
pp. 2519-2531
Author(s):  
Madeleine E Sharp ◽  
Katherine Duncan ◽  
Karin Foerde ◽  
Daphna Shohamy
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Reinforcement Learning ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Memory Capacity ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Episodic Encoding ◽  
Stimulus Value

Abstract Patients with Parkinson’s disease have reduced reward sensitivity related to dopaminergic neuron loss, which is associated with impairments in reinforcement learning. Increasingly, however, dopamine-dependent reward signals are recognized to play an important role beyond reinforcement learning. In particular, it has been shown that reward signals mediated by dopamine help guide the prioritization of events for long-term memory consolidation. Meanwhile, studies of memory in patients with Parkinson’s disease have focused on overall memory capacity rather than what is versus what isn’t remembered, leaving open questions about the effect of dopamine replacement on the prioritization of memories by reward and the time-dependence of this effect. The current study sought to fill this gap by testing the effect of reward and dopamine on memory in patients with Parkinson’s disease. We tested the effect of dopamine modulation and reward on two forms of long-term memory: episodic memory for neutral objects and memory for stimulus-value associations. We measured both forms of memory in a single task, adapting a standard task of reinforcement learning with incidental episodic encoding events of trial-unique objects. Objects were presented on each trial at the time of feedback, which was either rewarding or not. Memory for the trial-unique images and for the stimulus-value associations, and the influence of reward on both, was tested immediately after learning and 2 days later. We measured performance in Parkinson’s disease patients tested either ON or OFF their dopaminergic medications and in healthy older control subjects. We found that dopamine was associated with a selective enhancement of memory for reward-associated images, but that it did not influence overall memory capacity. Contrary to predictions, this effect did not differ between the immediate and delayed memory tests. We also found that while dopamine had an effect on reward-modulated episodic memory, there was no effect of dopamine on memory for stimulus-value associations. Our results suggest that impaired prioritization of cognitive resource allocation may contribute to the early cognitive deficits of Parkinson’s disease.

Conceptual short-term memory (CSTM) supports core claims of Christiansen and Chater

2016 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary C. Potter
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Rapid Serial Visual Presentation ◽  
Language Comprehension ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Visual Presentation ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Use Of Knowledge

AbstractRapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) of words or pictured scenes provides evidence for a large-capacity conceptual short-term memory (CSTM) that momentarily provides rich associated material from long-term memory, permitting rapid chunking (Potter 1993; 2009; 2012). In perception of scenes as well as language comprehension, we make use of knowledge that briefly exceeds the supposed limits of working memory.

Comparison of Auditory, Language, Memory, and Attention Abilities in Children With and Without Listening Difficulties

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 710-727
Author(s):  
Beula M. Magimairaj ◽  
Naveen K. Nagaraj ◽  
Alexander V. Sergeev ◽  
Natalie J. Benafield
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Processing ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Memory And Attention ◽  
Speed And Accuracy

Objectives School-age children with and without parent-reported listening difficulties (LiD) were compared on auditory processing, language, memory, and attention abilities. The objective was to extend what is known so far in the literature about children with LiD by using multiple measures and selective novel measures across the above areas. Design Twenty-six children who were reported by their parents as having LiD and 26 age-matched typically developing children completed clinical tests of auditory processing and multiple measures of language, attention, and memory. All children had normal-range pure-tone hearing thresholds bilaterally. Group differences were examined. Results In addition to significantly poorer speech-perception-in-noise scores, children with LiD had reduced speed and accuracy of word retrieval from long-term memory, poorer short-term memory, sentence recall, and inferencing ability. Statistically significant group differences were of moderate effect size; however, standard test scores of children with LiD were not clinically poor. No statistically significant group differences were observed in attention, working memory capacity, vocabulary, and nonverbal IQ. Conclusions Mild signal-to-noise ratio loss, as reflected by the group mean of children with LiD, supported the children's functional listening problems. In addition, children's relative weakness in select areas of language performance, short-term memory, and long-term memory lexical retrieval speed and accuracy added to previous research on evidence-based areas that need to be evaluated in children with LiD who almost always have heterogenous profiles. Importantly, the functional difficulties faced by children with LiD in relation to their test results indicated, to some extent, that commonly used assessments may not be adequately capturing the children's listening challenges. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.12808607

scholarly journals The influence of aging on short-term and long-term memory in the continuous recognition paradigm.

2002 ◽  
Vol 72 (6) ◽  
pp. 516-521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osamu Ishihara ◽  
Yasuyuki Gondo ◽  
W. Poon Leonard
Keyword(s):  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory
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