Does Functional Reduction Need Bridge Laws? A Response to Marras

2009 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 647-657 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Morris
Keyword(s):  
Functional Reduction ◽  
Bridge Laws

scholarly journals Taxonomic loss and functional reduction over time in the ichthyofauna of the Taquaruçu Reservoir, lower Paranapanema River, Southern Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
João D. Ferraz ◽  
Armando C. R. Casimiro ◽  
Diego A. Z. Garcia ◽  
Alan D. Pereira ◽  
Lucas R. Jarduli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fish Community ◽  
New Records ◽  
Functional Space ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Β Diversity ◽  
Weighted Means ◽  
Functional Reduction ◽  
Species Being ◽  
Functional Indices ◽  
Over Time

Abstract We evaluated the fish composition and ecological attributes of the ichthyofauna collected in a limnological zone of the Taquaruçu Reservoir, lower Paranapanema River. Information about the fish community was updated when compared to the previous study (2006). Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) showed differences in species composition between periods and community weighted means (CWMs) exhibited changes in functional composition over time. Four functional indices were used in the principal coordinate analysis (PcoA) to measure changes in the functional space of species, whereas functional β-diversity inspected differences in the traits composition between the periods. 1,203 individuals were sampled of 43 species, being 16 non-native and 14 new records. Compared to 2006, 27 species were absent, most of them native to Loricariidae and Anostomidae, while Curimatidae and Pimelodidae decreased in abundance. Functional indexes showed a reduction in functional diversity, whereas new species records exhibited functional redundancy. It might have occurred a simplification of the fish community over time, excluding the migratory and specialists species such as the herbivores and detritivores. Accordingly, we concluded that the ichthyofauna of the Taquaruçu Reservoir might have been undergoing a process towards biotic homogenization.

Aesthetic and functional reduction of the labia minora using the Maas and Hage technique

2010 ◽  
Vol 63 (7) ◽  
pp. 1181-1185 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.S. Solanki ◽  
R. Tejero-Trujeque ◽  
A. Stevens-King ◽  
C.M. Malata
Keyword(s):  
Labia Minora ◽  
Functional Reduction

Concerted action of twodlxparalogs in sensory placode formation

Development ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 129 (13) ◽  
pp. 3127-3136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keely S. Solomon ◽  
Andreas Fritz
Keyword(s):  
Target Genes ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Regulatory Control ◽  
Present Evidence ◽  
Genetic Mechanisms ◽  
Dlx Genes ◽  
Functional Reduction ◽  
Sensory Nervous System ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient ◽  
Placode Formation

Sensory placodes are ectodermal thickenings that give rise to elements of the vertebrate cranial sensory nervous system, including the inner ear and nose. Although mutations have been described in humans, mice and zebrafish that perturb ear and nose development, no mutation is known to prevent sensory placode formation. Thus, it has been postulated that a functional redundancy exists in the genetic mechanisms that govern sensory placode development. We describe a zebrafish deletion mutation, b380, which results in a lack of both otic and olfactory placodes.The b380 deletion removes several known genes and expressed sequence tags, including dlx3 and dlx7, two transcription factors that share a homoeobox domain similar in sequence to the Drosophila Distal-less gene. dlx3 and dlx7 are expressed in an overlapping pattern in the regions that produce the otic and olfactory placodes in zebrafish. We present evidence suggesting that it is specifically the removal of these two genes that leads to the otic and olfactory phenotype of b380 mutants. Using morpholinos, antisense oligonucleotides that effectively block translation of target genes, we find that functional reduction of both dlx genes contributes to placode loss. Expression patterns of the otic marker pax2.1, olfactory marker anxV and eya1, a marker of both placodes, in morpholino-injected embryos recapitulate the reduced expression of these genes seen in b380 mutants. We also examine expression of dlx3 and dlx7 in the morpholino-injected embryos and present evidence for existence of auto- and cross-regulatory control of expression among these genes.We demonstrate that dlx3 is necessary and sufficient for proper otic and olfactory placode development. However, our results indicate that dlx3 and dlx7 act in concert and their importance in placode formation is only revealed by inactivating both paralogs.

The Natural History of Adult Trigger Thumb

1993 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. B. SCHOFIELD ◽  
N. D. CITRON
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Average Duration ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
Full Recovery ◽  
Trigger Thumb ◽  
Duration Of Symptoms ◽  
History Of ◽  
Average Loss ◽  
Functional Reduction

30 consecutive adult patients presenting with trigger thumb (31 thumbs) were entered prospectively into a study to determine the natural history of the condition. Five patients insisted on treatment and could not be followed to resolution, but the rest resolved spontaneously after an average duration of symptoms of 6.8 months (range 2–15). There was a small but non-functional reduction in movement of the thumb in some of the patients: six lost an average of 7° of abduction and ten had an average loss of opposition of 1.4 (Kapandji grade). The remaining patients made a full recovery.

scholarly journals Functional reduction of SK3-mediated currents precedes AMPA-receptor-mediated excitotoxicity in dopaminergic neurons

2011 ◽  
Vol 60 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 1176-1186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno A. Benítez ◽  
Helen M. Belálcazar ◽  
Agustín Anastasía ◽  
Daniel T. Mamah ◽  
Charles F. Zorumski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ampa Receptor ◽  
Dopaminergic Neurons ◽  
Functional Reduction

THE DECOMPOSITION APPROACH AND THE CONDITIONS OF UNIQUENESS IN THE SIMULATION OF HYDRAULIC SYSTEMS

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 74-77
Author(s):  
Сазонова ◽  
Svetlana Sazonova
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Conditions ◽  
Hydraulic System ◽  
Zone Model ◽  
Hydraulic Systems ◽  
Decomposition Approach ◽  
Basic Model ◽  
Functional Reduction ◽  
Secondary Zone ◽  
Fourth Form ◽  
The Relationship

In practice, there are three forms of boundary conditions. The feature of the fourth form of the boundary conditions is that the relationship between the above nodal parameters before solving the problem cannot be defined neither in form nor in content. This situation occurs when the decomposition of the hydraulic system. The basis of this mechanism is to transform the basic model estimated in the secondary zone model based on the method of functional reduction. This method is essentially a synthesis of the known methods of transformation models based on the ideas of reduction, diakoptic and cybernetic modeling.

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