scholarly journals Virtual laryngoscopy and combined laryngoscopic–bronchoscopic approach for safe management of obstructive upper airways lesions

2014 ◽  
Vol 113 (2) ◽  
pp. 304-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Sgalambro ◽  
F. Sanfilippo ◽  
C. Santonocito ◽  
C. Caltavuturo ◽  
C. Grillo
Keyword(s):  
Upper Airways ◽  
Safe Management ◽  
Virtual Laryngoscopy

Humoral factors of innate immunity in the saliva of patients with infectious inflammatory respiratory diseases

2018 ◽  
pp. 13-17
Author(s):  
Oleg Melnikov ◽  
Diana Zabolotnaya ◽  
Alexander Bredun ◽  
Bogdan Bil ◽  
Oksana Rylska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Chronic Rhinosinusitis ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Chronic Tonsillitis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Quantitative Composition ◽  
Upper Airways ◽  
Humoral Factors ◽  
Immune Modulators

Introduction: In recently ears factors of innate immunity both cellular and humoral have been paid considerable attention as they are a protective barrier of a fast response and that is why they are largely concentrated at the intersection of the digestive tract and airways. The data concerning the activity level of factors of innate immunity in the upper airways affected by nonspecific inflammatory processes is insufficient and sparse and therefore the purpose of this research was to study the content of humoral factors of innate immunity in the oropharyngeal secretion (ORS) of patients with chronic infectious inflammatory diseases of the upper airways in remission. Materials and Methods: There was an examination of 16 patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) of bacterial genesis (15-40 years old), 12 patients with rhinopharyngitis of post-viral genesis (8-16 years old), 12 people with scleroma from 30 tо 52 years of age (atrophic form), 10 patients with chronic tonsillitis in remission (from 10 to 33 years of age) and 11 patients of a control group (practically healthy donors from 12 tо 40 years of age). The content of MIP-1b, defensin-1β, lactoferrin, lysozyme, α-interferon was studied in the nonstimulated OPS. Statistics were carried out using Mann-Whitney U-test. Results: The greatest number of deviations in the decrease in the content of the examined nonspecific protective factors was found in cases of scleroma, chronic tonsillitis and chronic rhinosinusitis (p<0,05). The lack of protective humoral factors of innate immunity can be evidence of local immunodeficiency even in remission, which is a pathophysiological component of the maintenance of chronic inflammation. Conclusion: The decrease int he quantitative composition of factors of innate immunity in the oropharyngeal secretion of patients with chronic infectious inflammatory diseases of the airways is an objective ground not only for a replacement therapy, but also for the use of immune response modifiers from photo-immune modulators to “genuine immune modulators” controlling the state of the factors of both innate immunity and immunoglobulins, primarily of secretory type, the level and functionality of various groups of immunocompetent and accessory cells.

Recent Advances on Nitric Oxide in the Upper Airways

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (24) ◽  
pp. 2736-2745 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauro Maniscalco ◽  
Andrea Bianco ◽  
Gennaro Mazzarella ◽  
Andrea Motta
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Upper Airways ◽  
Recent Advances

scholarly journals Interferon-α2b Treatment for COVID-19 Is Associated with Improvements in Lung Abnormalities

Viruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 44
Author(s):  
Qiong Zhou ◽  
Michael R. MacArthur ◽  
Xinliang He ◽  
Xiaoshan Wei ◽  
Payam Zarin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Disease ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Clinical Predictors ◽  
Upper Airways ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Immune Parameters ◽  
Lung Abnormalities ◽  
Ifn Treatment ◽  
Circulating Levels

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a lung disease that may progress to systemic organ involvement and in some cases, death. The identification of the earliest predictors of progressive lung disease would allow for therapeutic intervention in those cases. In an earlier clinical study, individuals with moderate COVID-19 were treated with either arbidol (ARB) or inhaled interferon (IFN)-α2b +/−ARB. IFN treatment resulted in accelerated viral clearance from the upper airways and in a reduction in the circulating levels of the inflammatory biomarkers IL-6 and C-reactive protein (CRP). We have extended the analysis of this study cohort to determine whether IFN treatment had a direct effect on virus-induced lung abnormalities and also to ascertain whether any clinical or immune parameters are associated with worsening of lung abnormalities. Evidence is provided that IFN-α2b treatment limits the development of lung abnormalities associated with COVID-19, as assessed by CT images. Clinical predictors associated with worsening of lung abnormalities include low CD8+ T cell numbers, low levels of circulating albumin, high numbers of platelets, and higher levels of circulating interleukin (IL)-10, IL-6, and C-reactive protein (CRP). Notably, in this study cohort, IFN treatment resulted in a higher percentage of CD8+ T cells, lower tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α levels and, as reported earlier, lower IL-6 levels. Independent of treatment, age and circulating levels of albumin and CRP emerged as the strongest predictors of the severity of lung abnormalities.

Upper airways after mandibular advancement orthognathic surgery: A 4-year follow-up

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Kirzner Nogueira Pereira ◽  
Vanessa Álvares de Castro Rocha ◽  
Viviane Veroni Degan ◽  
Daniela Gamba Garib ◽  
Silvia A.S. Vedovello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Orthognathic Surgery ◽  
Mandibular Advancement ◽  
Upper Airways

scholarly journals Cystic fibrosis in disguise – the wolf in sheep’s clothing, a case report

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Friederike Wilbert ◽  
Sarah C. Grünert ◽  
Andrea Heinzmann ◽  
Sebastian F. N. Bode
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Chloride Concentration ◽  
Failure To Thrive ◽  
Sweat Test ◽  
Upper Airways ◽  
Inborn Errors ◽  
Hepatic Involvement ◽  
Number Of Patients

Abstract Background Childhood hypoglycemia in combination with hepatomegaly is suspicious for inborn errors of metabolism. Cystic fibrosis typically presents with failure to thrive, pulmonary and gastrointestinal symptoms. Hepatic involvement and hypoglycemia can occur in a significant number of patients, although hepatomegaly is uncommon. Case presentation A 28 months old boy was presented with recurrent upper airways infections, progressive lethargy and weight loss. Clinically hepatomegaly was the main presenting feature and hypoglycemia (minimum 1.4 mmol/l) was noted as were elevated transaminases. The patient did not produce enough sweat to analyze it. Infectious causes for hepatitis were excluded and a broad metabolic work-up initiated. A therapy with starch was initiated to control hypoglycemia. In further course loose stools were reported and pancreatic elastase was found to be reduced. A further sweat test yielded pathological chloride concentration and genetic testing confirmed the diagnosis of cystic fibrosis. Conclusions Cystic fibrosis is a systemic disease and less common presentations need to be considered. Even in the age of CF-newborn screening in many countries CF needs to be ruled out in typical and atypical clinical presentations and diagnostics need to be repeated if inconclusive.

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