scholarly journals EFFECTS OF INCREASED CARDIAC OUTPUT ON PULMONARY BLOOD FLOW DISTRIBUTION DURING LOBAR VENTILATION HYPOXIA AND COLLAPSE

1988 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 430-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
D CANNON ◽  
E.J. KALSO ◽  
H BURCHARDI ◽  
M.K. SYKES
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Pulmonary Blood Flow ◽  
Flow Distribution ◽  
Blood Flow Distribution

Mechanisms of improvement in pulmonary gas exchange during isovolemic hemodilution

1999 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 132-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Deem ◽  
Richard G. Hedges ◽  
Steven McKinney ◽  
Nayak L. Polissar ◽  
Michael K. Alberts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Fractal Dimension ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Spatial Correlation ◽  
Pulmonary Blood Flow ◽  
Minute Ventilation ◽  
Flow Distribution ◽  
Pulmonary Gas Exchange ◽  
Normal Lung ◽  
Blood Flow Distribution

Severe anemia is associated with remarkable stability of pulmonary gas exchange (S. Deem, M. K. Alberts, M. J. Bishop, A. Bidani, and E. R. Swenson. J. Appl. Physiol. 83: 240–246, 1997), although the factors that contribute to this stability have not been studied in detail. In the present study, 10 Flemish Giant rabbits were anesthetized, paralyzed, and mechanically ventilated at a fixed minute ventilation. Serial hemodilution was performed in five rabbits by simultaneous withdrawal of blood and infusion of an equal volume of 6% hetastarch; five rabbits were followed over a comparable time. Ventilation-perfusion (V˙a/Q˙) relationships were studied by using the multiple inert-gas-elimination technique, and pulmonary blood flow distribution was assessed by using fluorescent microspheres. Expired nitric oxide (NO) was measured by chemiluminescence. Hemodilution resulted in a linear fall in hematocrit over time, from 30 ± 1.6 to 11 ± 1%. Anemia was associated with an increase in arterial [Formula: see text] in comparison with controls ( P < 0.01 between groups). The improvement in O2 exchange was associated with reducedV˙a/Q˙heterogeneity, a reduction in the fractal dimension of pulmonary blood flow ( P = 0.04), and a relative increase in the spatial correlation of pulmonary blood flow ( P = 0.04). Expired NO increased with anemia, whereas it remained stable in control animals ( P < 0.0001 between groups). Anemia results in improved gas exchange in the normal lung as a result of an improvement in overallV˙a/Q˙matching. In turn, this may be a result of favorable changes in pulmonary blood flow distribution, as assessed by the fractal dimension and spatial correlation of blood flow and as a result of increased NO availability.

Pulmonary blood flow distribution after the total cavopulmonary connection for complex cardiac anomalies

1999 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 154-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masao Tayama ◽  
Nobuaki Hirata ◽  
Tohru Matsushita ◽  
Tetsuya Sano ◽  
Norihide Fukushima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Pulmonary Blood Flow ◽  
Flow Distribution ◽  
Total Cavopulmonary Connection ◽  
Blood Flow Distribution ◽  
Cardiac Anomalies ◽  
Cavopulmonary Connection

THE EFFECT OF EXERCISE ON THE CARDIAC OUTPUT AND BLOOD FLOW DISTRIBUTION OF THE LARGESCALE SUCKER CATOSTOMUS MACROCHEILUS

1993 ◽  
Vol 183 (1) ◽  
pp. 301-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. Kolok ◽  
M. R. Spooner ◽  
A. P. Farrell
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Swimming Performance ◽  
Flow Distribution ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Blood Flow Distribution ◽  
Dramatic Decline ◽  
Red Muscle ◽  
Catostomus Macrocheilus ◽  
A Current

Cardiac output (Q.) and blood flow distribution were measured in adult largescale suckers at rest and while swimming. Cardiac output was directly measured using an ultrasonic flowprobe in fish during the summer (16°C), fall (10°C) and winter (5°C). Largescale suckers were adept at holding station against a current without swimming and, when engaged in this behavior, they did not significantly increase Q. relative to that found in fish in still water. When fish began to swim, Q. increased significantly. From 16 to 10°C, the critical swimming speed (Ucrit), maximum Q. and scope for Q. of the suckers did not change. However, from 10 to 5°C all three traits were significantly reduced. Thus, these fish respond to variation in water temperature in two different ways. From 16 to 10°C, the fish compensate perfectly for the change in temperature with respect to cardiac and swimming performance. From 10 to 5°C, however, largescale suckers experience a dramatic decline in cardiac and swimming performance that may be associated with a quiescent overwintering strategy. Blood flow distribution in the fish at rest and while swimming was measured at 16°C using injection of colored microspheres. In the resting fish, over 10 % of the microspheres were recovered from the kidney and over 43 % were recovered from white muscle. When the fish were swimming, there was a 60-fold increase in blood flow to the red muscle while blood flow to all other tissues remained consistent with that at rest.

scholarly journals Pulmonary NO synthase inhibition and inspired CO2: effects on V ′/Q ′ and pulmonary blood flow distribution

2000 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 288 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.V. Brogan ◽  
R.G. Hedges ◽  
S. McKinney ◽  
H.T. Robertson ◽  
M.P. Hlastala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Pulmonary Blood Flow ◽  
Flow Distribution ◽  
No Synthase ◽  
Blood Flow Distribution ◽  
Co2 Effects

Pulmonary Blood Flow Distribution during Normal Ambulation

Respiration ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 289-295
Author(s):  
M. Arborelius, jr. ◽  
V. Lopéz-Majano ◽  
R.C. Reba ◽  
T.K. Natarajan
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Pulmonary Blood Flow ◽  
Flow Distribution ◽  
Blood Flow Distribution

scholarly journals Headed in the Wrong Direction: Chronic and Acute Derangements in Pulmonary Blood Flow Distribution in a Patient with Severe Pulmonary Vein Stenosis

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. 1321-1326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luisa Morales-Nebreda ◽  
Christopher S. Chung ◽  
Rishi Agrawal ◽  
Anjana V. Yeldandi ◽  
Benjamin D. Singer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Pulmonary Vein ◽  
Pulmonary Blood Flow ◽  
Flow Distribution ◽  
Pulmonary Vein Stenosis ◽  
Blood Flow Distribution ◽  
Wrong Direction ◽  
Vein Stenosis

scholarly journals Cardiac Output and Genital Blood Flow Distribution During the Preovulatory Period in Rabbits1

1975 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 581-586 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Blasco ◽  
Chung-Hsiu Wu ◽  
George L. Flickinger ◽  
David Pearlmutter ◽  
George Mikhail
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Flow Distribution ◽  
Blood Flow Distribution

Pulmonary blood flow distribution in standing horses is not dominated by gravity

1996 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 1051-1061 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. P. Hlastala ◽  
S. L. Bernard ◽  
H. H. Erickson ◽  
M. R. Fedde ◽  
E. M. Gaughan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Pulmonary Blood Flow ◽  
Flow Distribution ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Vertical Gradient ◽  
Standing Position ◽  
Central Vein ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Blood Flow Distribution ◽  
Considerable Heterogeneity

Recent studies using microspheres in dogs, pigs and goats have demonstrated considerable heterogeneity of pulmonary perfusion within isogravitational planes. These studies demonstrate a minimal role of gravity in determining pulmonary blood flow distribution. To test whether a gravitational gradient would be more apparent in an animal with large vertical lung height, we measured perfusion heterogeneity in horses (vertical lung height = approximately 55 cm). Four unanesthetized Thoroughbred geldings (422-500 kg) were studied awake in the standing position with fluorescent microspheres injected into a central vein. Between 1,621 and 2,503 pieces (1.3 cm3 in volume) were obtained from the lungs of each horse with spatial coordinates, and blood flow was determined for each piece. The coefficient of variation of blood flow throughout the lungs ranged between 22 and 57% among the horses. Considerable heterogeneity was seen in each isogravitational plane. The relationship between blood flow and vertical height up the lung was characterized by the slope and correlation coefficient of a least squares regression analysis. The slopes within each horse ranged from -0.052 to +0.021 relative flow units/cm height up the lung, and the correlation coefficients varied from 0.12 to 0.75. A positive slope, indicating that flow increased with vertical distance up the lung (opposite to gravity), was observed in three of the four horses. In addition, blood flow was uniformly low in three of the four horses in the most cranial portions of the lungs. We conclude that in lungs of resting unanesthetized horses, animals with a large lung height, there is no consistent vertical gradient to pulmonary blood flow and there is a considerable degree of perfusion heterogeneity, indicating that gravity alone does not play the major role in determining blood flow distribution.

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