scholarly journals Cardioinformatics: the nexus of bioinformatics and precision cardiology

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bohdan B Khomtchouk ◽  
Diem-Trang Tran ◽  
Kasra A Vand ◽  
Matthew Might ◽  
Or Gozani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cancer Research ◽  
Computational Biology ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Cancer Mortality ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Cardiovascular Medicine ◽  
Biology Research

Abstract Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death worldwide, causing over 17 million deaths per year, which outpaces global cancer mortality rates. Despite these sobering statistics, most bioinformatics and computational biology research and funding to date has been concentrated predominantly on cancer research, with a relatively modest footprint in CVD. In this paper, we review the existing literary landscape and critically assess the unmet need to further develop an emerging field at the multidisciplinary interface of bioinformatics and precision cardiovascular medicine, which we refer to as ‘cardioinformatics’.

All-cause and cancer mortality in a private health plan in Brazil: Ten years retrospective analysis.

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e13610-e13610
Author(s):  
Joao Paulo Reis Neto ◽  
Juliana Martinho Busch ◽  
Stephen D. Stefani
Keyword(s):  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Health Plan ◽  
Cancer Mortality ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Direct Method ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Years Of Life Lost ◽  
Early Screening ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Circulatory System Diseases

e13610 Background: Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide. From 2014 to 2015 Brazil estimated more than 500,000 new cases of cancer, which placed the country among those with the highest cancer incidence. This study evaluates the 10-year evolution of mortality rates due to all causes and cancer and to estimate the potential years of life lost (PYLL) in beneficiaries of health plan, according to sex, age and geographic region. Methods: Retrospective cross-sectional, descriptive study evaluated the causes of death, between 2008 and 2017, by sex and age groups, for all causes (AC) and cancer (CA) data from the health insurance system. The information on the death certificates (DC) was coded according to the ICD-10. Age was stratified into groups: up to 49 years, 50–59 years, 60–69 years, 70–79 years and 80 years or more. Data were analyzed by checking the proportions and mortality rates (MR), grouped into two five-year periods, 2008-2012 (P1) e 2013-2017 (P2). Annual MR per 100,000 population was estimated using the direct method and proportional mortality rates (PMR). To calculate the potential years of life lost (PYLL) the upper limit was 76 years old. The avoidable MR was also analyzed for individuals up to 75 years and cancer. Microsoft Excel v2010 and Qlik Sense v13.21 were used to analyze data and statistics. Results: 5,779 deaths were analyzed, 4,447 in men (77.0%, average 70.1 years) and 1,332 women (33%, 75.9 years). Cancer was the second leading cause of death (n = 953, PMR 16.5%), behind cardiovascular disease (n = 1,662 PMR 28.8%). The major crude death rate per 100,000 was due circulatory system diseases (347), followed by cancer (199) and respiratory system diseases (110). The highest cancer MR were in men, elderly and Brazilian regions with the lowest Human Development Index (HDI). Greatest number of deaths in men at P1 were from cancers of lung (CMP 19.8%), prostate (14.2%) and pancreas (8.0%). At P2, prostate (18.2%), lung (16.8%) and stomach (7.6%). In women, during P1, breast (20.2%), lung (13.1%) and pancreas (83%), and during P2, the same order, 22.5%, 14.6% and 9.3%, respectively. Cancer accounted for a total of 6,335 PYLL and 40.9% of causes of death were classified as avoidable. Conclusions: Cancer was one of the leading causes of mortality during the study. High pancreatic cancer MR differs from national statistics, requiring more analysis that involves possible occupational exposure. Although preventive actions for healthy life habits, early screening and diagnosis, Brazil presents high cancer mortality rates as showed in this analysis.

scholarly journals Cancer Mortality among Persons with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection in New York City, 2001–2015

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. S58-S58
Author(s):  
Chitra Ramaswamy ◽  
Emily Westheimer ◽  
Sarah Braunstein
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
York City ◽  
Cancer Mortality ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Vital Statistics ◽  
Cd4 Count ◽  
Transmission Risk ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background With the prolonged life-span of persons with HIV (PWH) due to anti-retroviral therapy, their cancer burden has increased. Cancer continues to be a leading cause of death among PWH. Studying cancer mortality can inform and guide the development of cancer screening and prevention strategies for PWH. Methods We analyzed data for all persons > = 13 years who were diagnosed with HIV from 2001 to 2015 and reported to the New York City (NYC) HIV surveillance registry (HSR). Using the HSR and the underlying cause of death obtained from the NYC vital statistics registry and the National Death Index, we examined age-specific and age-standardized mortality rates from cancer and compared time trends of deaths due to HIV-related8 cancer to deaths from non-HIV-related cancers. Results There were 34,190 deaths reported among 154,688 PWH of whom nearly half (n = 16,804; 49.1%) died due to HIV (excluding HIV-related cancers). Among all deaths, HIV was the leading cause, followed by cancer (both HIV and non-HIV-related) (n = 5,271; 15.4%) and cardiovascular disease (n = 3,724, 10.9%). The top three causes of non-HIV-related cancer deaths were lung cancer (n = 1,040; 19.7%), liver cancer (n = 552; 10.5%), and colorectal cancer (n = 315; 5.6%). Although the mortality rate among PWH decreased over time (24.4 to 13.9 per 1,000 person-years from 2001 to 2015), the proportion of deaths attributable to all cancers increased (10.6% in 2001 to 19.9% in 2015, p < .0001). This increase was driven by non-HIV-related cancers (6.1% of all deaths in 2001 to 15.8% in 2015, p < .0001). The mean age increased from 2001 to 2015 among the dead (46 to 56 years) and among the censored (35 to 49 years). After controlling for demographic factors, transmission risk, and last CD4 count, the hazard ratio for cancer deaths was higher among people who inject drugs (HR = 1.5; 95% CI = 1.4–1.7) and those with last CD4 count < 200 (HR = 9.3; 95% CI = 8.3–10.5). Conclusion Although mortality rates are decreasing in PWH, deaths due to non-HIV-related cancers are increasing. The upward trend in the mean age suggests that aging may be contributing to this increase. Routine screening for liver and colon cancers along with smoking cessation may reduce lung, liver and colon cancer deaths. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

scholarly journals Time Trend of Liver Cancer Among Subpopulation of Ages Less Than 40 During 2005-2014 in Nghe An, Viet Nam

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement 2) ◽  
pp. 3s-3s
Author(s):  
O. Pham ◽  
T. Nguyen ◽  
N. Le
Keyword(s):  
Liver Cancer ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Cancer Mortality ◽  
Total Mortality ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Viet Nam ◽  
Hbv Vaccine ◽  
Key Words Liver Cancer ◽  
Icd 10

Background: Liver cancer has been leading cancer mortality nationwide in Viet Nam. Aim: The aim was to examine time trends of liver cancer mortality by performing population-based mortality registration in Nghe An province, 2005-2014. Methods: We yearly collected data from all 480 Commune Health Stations from 2005 to 2014 using the designed form of “Mortality Registration” with a guideline of underlying-, immediate, - and contribute cause of death. Five variables were included name, age, sex, date of death and cause of death. Average residents of each commune were also yearly reported. All cases were coded ICD-10, then liver cancer (C22) was derived. Age-standardized rate (ASR) was estimated. Trend of liver cancer was observed by estimated mortality rates ratio and 95% confident interval (MRR) for 5-period of 2005-2006 (reference), 2007-2008, 2009-2010, 2011-2012, 2013-2014, adjusted for total mortality rate and proportion of cases with unknown causes of death, for total, subgroup of ages 40 or older, and ages less than 40. Results: Among registered 7,667 cases of liver cancer, there were 855 cases aged less than 40. Mortality rates per 100,000 (ASR) were increased from 37.4 to 52.8 in men and 9.2 to 12.6 in women, from 2005 to 2014, respectively. The increased trends were significantly seen for the subpopulation ages 40 or older only, MRR=1.56, 95% CI: 1.38-1.76 in men and MRR=1.67, 95% CI: 1.36-2.04 in women, all P trend < 0.05. In contrast, the decreased trends were significantly observed for the subpopulation ages less than 40, MRR=0.72, 95% CI: 0.54-0.97 in men and MRR=0.47, 95% CI: 0.22-0.99 in women, all P trend < 0.05. Conclusion: The significant decline risks of death from liver cancer for the subpopulation ages less than 40 during 2005-2014 might be explained by HBV vaccine nationwide from 1998 to date and reduction of environmental factors induced this cancer sites in improving healthy environments after the war ended in 1975. Key-words: Liver-cancer, population-based mortality registration, Viet Nam, HBV-vaccine.

scholarly journals Impact of Improvement in Walking Speed on Hospitalization and Mortality in Females with Cardiovascular Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1755 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Grazzi ◽  
Gianni Mazzoni ◽  
Jonathan Myers ◽  
Lorenzo Caruso ◽  
Biagio Sassone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Secondary Prevention ◽  
Cardiac Rehabilitation ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Prevention Program ◽  
Walking Speed ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
High Tertile ◽  
The Third ◽  
Hazard Ratios

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the principal cause of death in women. Walking speed (WS) is strongly related with mortality and CVD. The rate of all-cause hospitalization or death was assessed in 290 female outpatients with CVD after participation in a cardiac rehabilitation/secondary prevention program (CR/SP) and associated with the WS maintained during a moderate 1 km treadmill-walk. Three-year mortality rates were 57%, 44%, and 29% for the slow (2.1 ± 0.4 km/h), moderate (3.1 ± 0.3 km/h), and fast (4.3 ± 0.6 km/h) walkers, respectively, with adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) of 0.78 (p = 0.24) and 0.55 (p = 0.03) for moderate and fast walkers compared to the slow walkers. In addition, hospitalization or death was examined four to six years after enrollment as a function of the change in the WS of 176 patients re-assessed during the third year after baseline. The rates of hospitalization or death were higher across tertiles of reduced WS, with 35%, 50%, and 53% for the high (1.5 ± 0.3 km/h), intermediate (0.7 ± 0.2 km/h), and low tertiles (0.2 ± 0.2 km/h). Adjusted HRs were 0.79 (p = 0.38) for the intermediate and 0.47 (p = 0.02) for the high tertile compared to the low improvement tertile. Improved walking speed was associated with a graded decrease in hospitalization or death from any cause in women undergoing CR/SP.

scholarly journals e-Health in Cardiovascular Medicine

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 72
Author(s):  
Julie Redfern ◽  
Lis Neubeck
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Cardiovascular Medicine ◽  
Artery Disease

Cardiovascular disease (CVD), including coronary artery disease (CHD) and stroke, is the leading cause of death and disease burden globally [...]

Abstract 15938: Disaggregating Cardiovascular Disease Mortality Among Hispanic Subgroups

Circulation ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 132 (suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatima Rodriguez ◽  
Katherine G Hastings ◽  
Elsie Wang ◽  
Derek Boothroyd ◽  
Mark R Cullen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Puerto Ricans ◽  
Minority Group ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Lower Mortality ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
The Us ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Cvd Mortality

Background: Hispanics are currently the largest minority group in the US and face a disproportionate burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. Hispanics paradoxically experience lower mortality rates as compared to their non-Hispanic white (NHW) counterparts. This phenomenon has been largely observed in Mexicans and it is unknown whether this holds true for other Hispanic subgroups, and if these favorable trends persist over time. Methods: We examined data from the National Center for Health Statistics U.S. Mortality Multiple Cause-of-Death data from 2003-2011 to identify CVD deaths for the three largest Hispanic subgroups in the U.S. (Mexicans, Puerto Ricans, and Cubans). CVD deaths were extracted from mortality records using the underlying cause of death based on ICD-10 coding (I00-I09, I11, I13, I20-I51.9, I60-I69). Race/ethnicity was recorded on death certificates by the funeral director using state guidelines. Population estimates were calculated using linear interpolation from 2000 and 2010 U.S. Census. Results: The study sample consisted of all-cause deaths for the three largest Hispanic subgroups in the U.S.: Mexicans (n=689,162), Puerto Ricans n=154,402), and Cubans (n=117,751), compared to NHWs (n=17,699,740). Cubans and Mexicans were, on average, younger at time of incident CVD death as compared to NHWs (73 vs. 79, respectively). Overall, CVD mortality trends decreased from 2003-2011 for all groups (p<0.001), but rate differences between groups vary substantially, with Puerto Ricans exhibiting similar mortality patterns to NHWs and Mexicans experiencing the lower mortality (Figure 1). Conclusions: Significant differences in CVD mortality rates and trends were found between the three largest Hispanic subgroups in the US. These findings suggest that the current aggregate classification of Hispanics masks heterogeneity in CVD mortality reporting, leading to an incomplete understanding of health risks and outcomes.

Abstract MP08: Evaluating the Influence of Bloomberg Era Policy on New York City Cardiovascular Disease Mortality Rates

Circulation ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 131 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulina Ong ◽  
Gina Lovasi ◽  
Ryan Demmer
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Stroke Mortality ◽  
Mortality Trends ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Cvd Mortality

Background: Since 2002, under the Bloomberg administration, New York City (NYC) has aggressively pursued and implemented a broad set of public health policies to reduce chronic disease. Limited research exists evaluating secular trends in cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality against the backdrop of these policy initiatives. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that CVD mortality trends declined more rapidly during the years 2002-2011 compared with the previous decade. Methods: Using individual death certificates of NYC residents during 1990-2011, all-cause mortality rates were calculated in addition to the following cause-specific mortality rates: any CVD, atherosclerotic CVD (ACVD), coronary artery disease (CAD), stroke, ischemic stroke. Mortality rates were age and sex standardized to the NYC year 2000 population. Joinpoint regression identified years in which mortality trends changed after excluding 116,285 deaths (10% of all deaths) occurring in 9 NYC hospitals (due to their participation in a cause of death reporting quality improvement training in 2009, sponsored by NYC Department of Health & Mental Hygiene (DOHMH)). Results: 1,149,217 deaths occurred to NYC residents from 1990-2011, 566,181 among women and 583,036 among men. The annual percent change (APC) in all-cause mortality rates for women and men were -2.6% and -7.1% between 1994 and 1998, while rates were approximately -2.5% for both sexes from 1998-2011. CVD accounted 49.5% and 37.5% of deaths among women and men, respectively in 1990; in 2011 these proportions were 40.4% and 35.3%. Age standardized CVD mortality rates (per 100,000) for women and men were 391.0 and 357.8 in 1990 vs. 197.2 and 166.2 in 2011. Overall CVD mortality rates increased in women and men by 1.7% and 0.05% from 1990-1993 and began to decline in 1993 with APCs of -3.8% and -4.0% during 1993-2011. In contrast, the decline in atherosclerotic CVD mortality accelerated during 2002-2011 (APC=-4.7%) vs. 1990-2002 (APC=-2.4%) among men. Among women, atherosclerotic CVD rates began to decline more rapidly in 1993 (APC=-3.2%) and again in 2006 (APC=-6.6%) vs. 1990-1993 (APC=1.9%). Similar trends were evident for CAD mortality. Ischemic stroke mortality rates declined steadily from 1990-2011 in both sexes and there was no evidence of change in these trends. Results were generally consistent when all hospitals were included with the exception of rates for overall CVD mortality, which began to show more rapid decline in 2009 - immediately following DOHMH cause-of-death training efforts. Conclusion: Overall, CVD mortality rates in NYC did not accelerate during the 2002-2011 period after accounting for changes in cause of death reporting. However, atherosclerotic CVD rates did appear to change in slope (shift to declining more rapidly) during this period, with possible differences in timing between men and women.

Effects of Misattribution in Assigning Cause of Death on Prostate Cancer Mortality Rates

2003 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 450-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard M Hoffman ◽  
S.Noell Stone ◽  
William C Hunt ◽  
Charles R Key ◽  
Frank D Gilliland
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Cancer Mortality ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Prostate Cancer Mortality
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