scholarly journals Topological network measures for drug repositioning

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Apurva Badkas ◽  
Sébastien De Landtsheer ◽  
Thomas Sauter
Keyword(s):  
Network Analysis ◽  
Drug Repositioning ◽  
Computational Approaches ◽  
Functional Relationships ◽  
The Past ◽  
Network Measures ◽  
Topological Network ◽  
Topological Measures ◽  
Scope Of Application ◽  
Broad Overview

Abstract Drug repositioning has received increased attention since the past decade as several blockbuster drugs have come out of repositioning. Computational approaches are significantly contributing to these efforts, of which, network-based methods play a key role. Various structural (topological) network measures have thereby contributed to uncovering unintuitive functional relationships and repositioning candidates in drug-disease and other networks. This review gives a broad overview of the topic, and offers perspectives on the application of topological measures for network analysis. It also discusses unexplored measures, and draws attention to a wider scope of application efforts, especially in drug repositioning.

Computational Approaches to Analyze the Strategies of Drug Repositioning*

2012 ◽  
Vol 39 (11) ◽  
pp. 1029-1036
Author(s):  
Da-Fei XIE ◽  
Peng LI ◽  
Fei LI ◽  
Xiao-Chen BO ◽  
Sheng-Qi WANG
Keyword(s):  
Drug Repositioning ◽  
Computational Approaches

Research trends in sociological studies on social security and welfare

2021 ◽  
pp. 026858092110053
Author(s):  
Koichi Hiraoka
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Research Trends ◽  
Important Research ◽  
Research Results ◽  
The Past ◽  
Active Research ◽  
The Many ◽  
Sociological Studies ◽  
Broad Overview

This article reviews the research trends in welfare sociology (sociological studies on social security and welfare), one of the many subfields of active research in sociology in Japan. For this purpose, several research streams formed from the 1970s to the 2000s are described, and some of the most important research results produced within these in the past two decades are introduced. In the latter part of this article, a broad overview of the research trends in Japanese welfare sociology is attempted by focusing on the contents of the journal published by the Japan Welfare Sociology Association (JWSA).

scholarly journals Structure Determination of Microtubules and Pili: Past, Present, and Future Directions

2022 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
James A. Garnett ◽  
Joseph Atherton
Keyword(s):  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Structural Heterogeneity ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Computational Approaches ◽  
The Past ◽  
Major Shift ◽  
Technical Innovations

Historically proteins that form highly polymeric and filamentous assemblies have been notoriously difficult to study using high resolution structural techniques. This has been due to several factors that include structural heterogeneity, their large molecular mass, and available yields. However, over the past decade we are now seeing a major shift towards atomic resolution insight and the study of more complex heterogenous samples and in situ/ex vivo examination of multi-subunit complexes. Although supported by developments in solid state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (ssNMR) and computational approaches, this has primarily been due to advances in cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM). The study of eukaryotic microtubules and bacterial pili are good examples, and in this review, we will give an overview of the technical innovations that have enabled this transition and highlight the advancements that have been made for these two systems. Looking to the future we will also describe systems that remain difficult to study and where further technical breakthroughs are required.

scholarly journals Interactions, information and emergence: Exploring task allocation in ant colonies using network analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anshuman Swain ◽  
Sara D Williams ◽  
Louisa J Di Felice ◽  
Elizabeth A Hobson
Keyword(s):  
Network Analysis ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Task Allocation ◽  
Interaction Networks ◽  
Group Level ◽  
Ant Colonies ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Network Measures ◽  
Interaction History ◽  
The Impact

In animal societies, individuals may take on different roles to fulfil their own needs and the needs of their groups. Ant colonies display high levels of organisational complexity, with ants fulfilling different roles at different timescales (what is known as task allocation). Factors affecting task allocation can be at the individual level (e.g., physiology), or at the group level (e.g., interaction histories). In this work, we focus on group level processes by exploring the impact of the history of interaction networks on task allocation and task switching using a previously published dataset (Mersch et al., 2013) tracking the behaviour of six Camponotus fellah colonies over 41 days. First, we investigated the architecture of interaction networks using node (individual) level network measures and their relation to the individual's task - foraging, cleaning or nursing - and whether or not the ant switched tasks. We then explored how noisy information propagation is among ants, as a function of the colony composition (how many ants are carrying out which tasks), through the information-theoretic metric of effective information. Our results show that interaction history affected task allocation, with ants more likely to switch to a task if they had interacted with other ants carrying out that task. The degree to which interaction history affected task allocation, as well as the noise in their interactions, depended on which groups of ants are interacting. Overall, we showed that colony cohesion is stable even as ant-level network measures vary more for ants when they switched functional groups; thus ant colonies maintain a high level of information flow as determined by network analysis and ant functional groups play different roles in maintaining colony cohesion.

scholarly journals Positioning of learners in learning networks with content, metadata and ontologies

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Kalz ◽  
Jan van Bruggen ◽  
Ellen Rusman ◽  
Bas Giesbers ◽  
Rob Koper
Keyword(s):  
Research Agenda ◽  
Competence Development ◽  
Learning Networks ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Computational Approaches ◽  
Learning Network ◽  
The Past ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Efficient Route

Positioning in learning networks is a process that assists learners in finding a starting point and an efficient route through the network that will foster competence building. In the past we have explored computational approaches to positioning based on the contents of the learning network and the behaviour of those participating in it, more or less ignoring different efforts to stimulate positioning and competence development from a top-down perspective. In this paper we introduce a research agenda for positioning in learning networks, discuss several cases and give an outlook on the development of a positioning service for learning networks.

scholarly journals CUL4A ubiquitin ligase: a promising drug target for cancer and other human diseases

Open Biology ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 130217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Puneet Sharma ◽  
Alo Nag
Keyword(s):  
Ubiquitin Ligase ◽  
Drug Target ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Cellular Transformation ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Molecular Architecture ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cullin 4A ◽  
Broad Overview

The ability of cullin 4A (CUL4A), a scaffold protein, to recruit a repertoire of substrate adaptors allows it to assemble into distinct E3 ligase complexes to mediate turnover of key regulatory proteins. In the past decade, a considerable wealth of information has been generated regarding its biology, regulation, assembly, molecular architecture and novel functions. Importantly, unravelling of its association with multiple tumours and modulation by viral proteins establishes it as one of the key proteins that may play an important role in cellular transformation. Considering the role of its substrate in regulating the cell cycle and maintenance of genomic stability, understanding the detailed aspects of these processes will have significant consequences for the treatment of cancer and related diseases. This review is an effort to provide a broad overview of this multifaceted ubiquitin ligase and addresses its critical role in regulation of important biological processes. More importantly, its tremendous potential to be exploited for therapeutic purposes has been discussed.

Network Perspectives on the Past: Tackling the Challenges

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Brughmans ◽  
Anna Collar
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Social Network Analysis ◽  
Network Analysis ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Academic Career ◽  
Special Method ◽  
The Past ◽  
Full Diversity ◽  
Strength Of Weak Ties

As his keynote address to the 1990 Sunbelt Social Networks conference, Mark Granovetter presented a paper entitled ‘The Myth of Social Network Analysis as a Special Method in the Social Sciences’ (Granovetter 1990). In it, he described how the popular social network theory he proposed, ‘The Strength of Weak Ties’ (Granovetter 1973), was like a spectre that haunted his academic career: although he subsequently pursued other research interests, he found that ‘as I got more deeply into any subject, network ideas kept coming in the back door’. He concluded that social network analysis (SNA) is not a ‘special’ method in social science, because ‘no part of social life can be properly analysed without seeing how it is fundamentally embedded in networks of social relations’ (Granovetter 1990: 15). However, he noted that to many, SNA is an alien concept: ‘we need to remember that there are many scholars outside the house of social network analysis who think in a relational way but don’t see the kinship with network methods and ideas’ (Granovetter 1990: 15). This observation echoes the current position of network studies in archaeology and history. Few would argue that relationships between social entities are not important for understanding past social processes. However, more explicit application of network theories and methods is not yet a mainstream part of our disciplines. Although it is the case that some researchers are not aware of the advantages such perspectives might offer, the current ‘niche’ status of network applications in archaeological and historical research relates to a more general misperception: that network concepts and methodologies per se are simply not appropriate for use in research in these disciplines. This volume aims to address both issues: the contributions in this volume demonstrate both the enormous potential of network methodologies, and also—and perhaps more importantly—acknowledge and address a range of perceived problems and reservations relating to the application of network perspectives to the study of the past, thereby encouraging and enabling their wider use in archaeology and history. The full diversity of network perspectives has only been introduced in our disciplines relatively recently.

scholarly journals A Co-authorship network analysis of CNPq’s productivity research fellows in the probability and statistic area

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 29-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filipe Costa de Souza ◽  
Raabe Marques Amorim ◽  
Leandro Chaves Rêgo
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Network Analysis ◽  
Closeness Centrality ◽  
Degree Centrality ◽  
Network Measures ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Probability And Statistics ◽  
Positive Effect

Abstract In this paper, we analyzed the co-authorship network between all CNPq’s productivity research fellows in the Probability and Statistics area in Brazil. Our aim was to describe and to understand how network measures influence researchers’ productivity. The data was gathered from the CNPq’s Lattes Platform using the software scriptLattes, and a link between two fellows represents the fact that they wrote an article together from 2009 to 2013. The network is disconnected and has only 4.7% of its possible connections. Through a regression analysis, we were able to infer that the centrality positions of an author matters to his/her productivity. As expected, closeness centrality had a negative effect on fellows’ productivity, while the degree centrality had a positive effect.

scholarly journals Research on China’s Green Finance Policies Based on Text Mining

2020 ◽  
Vol 185 ◽  
pp. 02024
Author(s):  
Yuqing Liao ◽  
Jingliang Chen
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Social Network Analysis ◽  
Network Analysis ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Policy Documents ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
The Past ◽  
Word Cloud ◽  
Green Finance ◽  
Occurrence Matrix

Based on the green finance policies in China from 2017 to 2019, this paper extracts feature and high-frequency words from policy documents, uses word cloud diagram, co-occurrence matrix and social network analysis techniques to quantitatively analyse the information contained in the green finance policies over the past three years and highlights the hot issues in question, thus providing a multi-layered and wideranging pathway for facilitating the orderly development of green finance industries across China.

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