scholarly journals Risk effects in elk: sex-specific responses in grazing and browsing due to predation risk from wolves

2008 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 1258-1266 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Christianson ◽  
Scott Creel
Keyword(s):  
Predation Risk ◽  
Risk Effects

Comfort over safety: thermoregulation overshadows predation risk effects in the activity of a keystone prey

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Rocha ◽  
A. Serronha ◽  
M. Rodrigues ◽  
P. C. Alves ◽  
P. Monterroso
Keyword(s):  
Predation Risk ◽  
Risk Effects

scholarly journals Herbivore release through cascading risk effects

2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 773-776 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin H. Schmidt-Entling ◽  
Eva Siegenthaler
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Predation Risk ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Wolf Spiders ◽  
Risk Effects ◽  
Mediated Effects ◽  
Top Predators ◽  
Inverse Pattern

Predators influence prey through consumption, and through trait-mediated effects such as emigration in response to predation risk (risk effects). We studied top-down effects of (sub-) adult wolf spiders (Lycosidae) on arthropods in a meadow. We compared risk effects with the overall top-down effect (including consumption) by gluing the chelicers of wolf spiders to prevent them from killing the prey. In a field experiment, we created three treatments that included either: (i) intact (‘predation’) wolf spiders; (ii) wolf spiders with glued chelicers (‘risk spiders’); or (iii) no (sub-) adult wolf spiders. Young wolf spiders were reduced by their (sub-) adult congeners. Densities of sheetweb spiders (Linyphiidae), a known intraguild prey of wolf spiders, were equally reduced by the presence of risk and predation wolf spiders. Plant- and leafhoppers (Auchenorrhyncha) showed the inverse pattern of higher densities in the presence of both risk and predation wolf spiders. We conclude that (sub-) adult wolf spiders acted as top predators, which reduced densities of intermediate predators and thereby enhanced herbivores. Complementary to earlier studies that found trait-mediated herbivore suppression, our results demonstrate that herbivores can be enhanced through cascading risk effects by top predators.

scholarly journals Predation risk effects on fitness related measures in a resident bird

Oikos ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 113 (2) ◽  
pp. 325-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert L. Thomson ◽  
Jukka T. Forsman ◽  
Mikko Mönkkönen ◽  
Markku Hukkanen ◽  
Kari Koivula ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Predation Risk ◽  
Risk Effects ◽  
Resident Bird

scholarly journals Body condition and pregnancy in northern Yellowstone elk: Evidence for predation risk effects?

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. White ◽  
Robert A. Garrott ◽  
Kenneth L. Hamlin ◽  
Rachel C. Cook ◽  
John G. Cook ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Predation Risk ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Risk Effects

Diagnosing predation risk effects on demography: can measuring physiology provide the means?

Oecologia ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 176 (3) ◽  
pp. 637-651 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liana Y. Zanette ◽  
Michael Clinchy ◽  
Justin P. Suraci
Keyword(s):  
Predation Risk ◽  
Risk Effects

scholarly journals A Meta-Analysis of Predation Risk Effects on Pollinator Behaviour

PLoS ONE ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. e20689 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Q. Romero ◽  
Pablo A. P. Antiqueira ◽  
Julia Koricheva
Keyword(s):  
Predation Risk ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Pollinator Behaviour ◽  
Risk Effects

A framework and standardized terminology to facilitate the study of predation‐risk effects

Ecology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 101 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott D. Peacor ◽  
Brandon T. Barton ◽  
David L. Kimbro ◽  
Andrew Sih ◽  
Michael J Sheriff
Keyword(s):  
Predation Risk ◽  
Risk Effects ◽  
Standardized Terminology

scholarly journals Ecotourism impacts on the behaviour of whale sharks: an experimental approach

Oryx ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 270-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Austin N. Montero-Quintana ◽  
J. Abraham Vázquez-Haikin ◽  
Thomas Merkling ◽  
Pierrick Blanchard ◽  
Marcela Osorio-Beristain
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Predation Risk ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Change Of Direction ◽  
Behavioural Responses ◽  
Risk Effects ◽  
Whale Sharks ◽  
Foraging Site ◽  
The Impact

AbstractTourists approaching wild animals can potentially cause disturbance as a result of the perceived predation risk. Risk effects arise when prey alter their behaviour in response to predators. This response may carry costs through its impact on fitness-related activities such as foraging. We recorded behavioural responses of whale sharks Rhincodon typus to experimental vessel and swimmer approaches. We simulated the disturbance caused by ecotourism in the foraging site of this planktivorous fish in Bahia de Los Angeles, Gulf of Baja California, Mexico. Stress-related behaviours (vigilance, change of direction, diving and acceleration) were more common directly after both types of disturbance than before, in particular after approach by a swimmer. Individuals were more likely to be vigilant when they were new to the bay, but we did not find evidence of within-season behavioural habituation. Sharks were 24% more likely to forage before human stimuli than after. Our study highlights negative effects of vessel and swimmer approaches on whale shark behaviour, with a short-term increase in stress-related behaviours potentially carrying energetic costs, combined with a decrease in food intake following the disturbance. Our results indicate concerns about the impact of ecotourism on large fish species. An important next step would be to determine whether these short-term behavioural responses to the perception of predation risk negatively affect fitness. Among other guidelines, we recommend preventing swimmers from approaching if whale sharks stop feeding when a vessel approaches.

scholarly journals Planktonic predation risk: effects of diel state, season and prey life history stage

2015 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 452-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kecia A. Kerr ◽  
Anabell Cornejo ◽  
Frédéric Guichard ◽  
Augusto C. Crespi Abril ◽  
Rachel Collin
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Predation Risk ◽  
Life History Stage ◽  
Risk Effects
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