scholarly journals A Longitudinal Study of Advanced Learners’ Linguistic Development Before, During, and After Study Abroad

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin McManus ◽  
Rosamond Mitchell ◽  
Nicole Tracy-Ventura
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Study Abroad ◽  
Advanced Learners ◽  
Linguistic Development ◽  
Degree Programme ◽  
Linguistic Ability ◽  
Academic Year ◽  
Over Time

Abstract The current study investigated advanced L2 learners’ linguistic development before, during, and after a nine-month stay abroad, the extent to which contextual changes (home-abroad-home) influenced the nature and magnitude of development, and the ways in which relationships among different linguistic elements changed over time. Participants were 56 university learners majoring in French (n = 29) and Spanish (n = 27), who spent an academic year abroad in the middle of a four-year BA degree programme. Oral data were collected six times over 21 months to trace development and change in complexity, accuracy, fluency, and lexis. Results showed ongoing improvements over time on most measures, including accuracy. Correlations indicated long-term relationships between fluency and vocabulary only and that accuracy–complexity relationships emerged in instructed home contexts only. These findings suggest that the affordances of home and abroad contexts can shape learners’ linguistic development and use differently. The role of pre-departure linguistic ability is discussed as critical to understanding the nature and extent of L2 linguistic development in study abroad.

scholarly journals A LONGITUDINAL STUDY OF ADVANCED LEARNERS’ LINGUISTIC DEVELOPMENT BEFORE, DURING, AND AFTER STUDY ABROAD

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin McManus ◽  
Rosamond Mitchell ◽  
Nicole Tracy-Ventura
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Study Abroad ◽  
Degree Program ◽  
Advanced Learners ◽  
Linguistic Development ◽  
Linguistic Ability ◽  
Academic Year ◽  
Over Time

The current study investigated advanced L2 learners’ linguistic development before, during, and after a nine-month stay abroad, the extent to which contextual changes (home-abroad-home)influenced the nature and magnitude of development, and the ways in which relationships among different linguistic elements changed over time. Participants were 56 university learners majoring in French (n = 29) and Spanish (n = 27), who spent an academic year abroad in the middle of a four-year BA degree program. Oral data were collected six times over 21 months to trace development and change in complexity, accuracy, fluency, and lexis (CAFL). Results showed ongoing improvements over time on most measures, including accuracy. Correlations indicated long-term relationships between fluency and vocabulary only and that accuracy-complexity relationships emerged in instructed home contexts only. These findings suggest that the affordances of home and abroad contexts can shape learners’ linguistic development and use differently. The role of pre-departure linguistic ability is discussed as critical to understanding the nature and extent of L2 linguistic development in study abroad.

scholarly journals The Long-term Effects of Instruction on EFL Learners' Use of Complaining Formulas

10.29007/5xsb ◽  
2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alicia Martínez-Flor ◽  
Esther Usó-Juan
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Language Learners ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Efl Learners ◽  
Foreign Language Learners ◽  
Over Time

Studies analysing the positive role of pragmatic instruction in formal settings have increased over the last decades. Within this area of interventional pragmatics, some studies have particularly examined whether the effectiveness of the instruction implemented is sustained over time. In order to shed more light on the long-term effects of instruction, this research investigates English as a Foreign Language learners’ use of complaining formulas not only after immediately receiving instruction, but also two months later. Results show that learners keep using a variety of appropriate complaining formulas two months after having participated in the instructional period. These findings are discussed and directions for future research suggested.

Temperament and Coping Activity Under Stress of Changing Intensity Over Time

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 326-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irena Heszen
Keyword(s):  
Stress Intensity ◽  
Emotional Reactivity ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Sensory Sensitivity ◽  
And Coping ◽  
First Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Over Time

Temperament is probably an important factor that influences coping activity. The framework of the study was the Regulative Theory of Temperament by Strelau, where six temperamental traits are distinguished: emotional reactivity, perseveration, activity, briskness, sensory sensitivity, and endurance. These traits were hypothesized to be connected to coping activity in accordance with their psychological characteristics. It was also expected that the associations between temperament and coping activity should depend on stress intensity. Participants were 278 diabetics and 232 patients after first myocardial infarction (MI). The study was longitudinal and two diseases had been purposely selected so as to represent stress intensity either increasing (in diabetes) or decreasing (after MI) over time. Temperamental traits as well as coping activity components: cognitive appraisal, affect, and coping strategies were measured using self-report questionnaires. As hypothesized, temperamental traits were connected to coping activity. Phase-related changes in coping activity confirmed an increase in stress levels in diabetics, while cardiac patients tended to experience the situation as more challenging. While the expectation referring to the differential role of temperament under different levels of stress intensity was not confirmed, the connections of temperament with coping activity were found to decrease under long-term stress.

scholarly journals Perfectionistic self-presentation and emotional experiences in music students: A three-wave longitudinal study

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 766-776
Author(s):  
Andrew P. Hill ◽  
Karen Burland ◽  
Elaine C. King ◽  
Stephanie E. Pitts
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Music Students ◽  
Degree Programs ◽  
Emotional Experiences ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Self Presentation ◽  
Positive Feelings ◽  
Negative Feelings ◽  
Academic Year ◽  
Over Time

Research has shown that perfectionism predicts emotional experiences among amateur, professional and adolescent musicians. In examining these relationships, previous research has measured trait perfectionism and employed cross-sectional designs. The current study builds on existing research by examining whether perfectionistic self-presentation (as opposed to trait perfectionism) predicts negative and positive emotional experiences in music students over time. One hundred and forty-three music students ( M age 18.92 years, SD = 2.96) enrolled in music-related degree programs completed measures of perfectionistic self-presentation (perfectionistic self-promotion, non-display of imperfection, and non-disclosure of imperfection) and emotional experiences (positive and negative feelings) at the start, middle and the end of the academic year. Path analysis revealed that perfectionistic self-promotion at the start of the year predicted lower positive feelings in the middle of the year, and non-disclosure of imperfection in the middle of the year predicted lower positive feelings at the end of the year. In addition, negative feelings in the middle of the year also predicted higher non-disclosure of imperfection at the end of the year. The findings suggest that the desire to present oneself perfectly and avoid disclosure of imperfections may contribute to less positive emotional experiences among music students.

The Role of Pensions in the Labor Market: A Survey of the Literature

ILR Review ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 417-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan L. Gustman ◽  
Olivia S. Mitchell ◽  
Thomas L. Steinmeier
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Pension Plans ◽  
Employee Compensation ◽  
Employment Relationships ◽  
Over Time

Because employer-sponsored group pension plans entail agreements between workers and their employers explicitly linking future payment and employment, they offer an unusual window into long-term employment relationships. This review of recent research on pensions explores how pensions influence employee compensation, retirement, turnover, and other matters central to the determination of labor's price and quantity over time. The authors also outline some unanswered questions and difficult-to-reconcile findings.

scholarly journals The role of transfer in language variation and change: Evidence from contact varieties of French

2005 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
JEANINE TREFFERS-DALLER ◽  
RAYMOND MOUGEON
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Area ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Institutional Support ◽  
Language Variation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Language Variation And Change ◽  
Over Time

In this Special Issue, the focus is on contact-induced language variation and change in situations of societal bilingualism that involve long-term contact between French and another language. As is well known, when two or more languages are spoken by groups of speakers in the same geographical area, over time, features from one language can be transferred to the other language, especially when the languages in question are unequal in terms of prestige, institutional support and demographic factors. The process that leads to the adoption of such features in the contact languages is generally known as INTERFERENCE or TRANSFER, and these terms are also used to describe the features in question (i.e. the end product of the process of transfer). In this issue we prefer to use the term TRANSFER over the use of the notion INTERFERENCE, as the former has fewer negative connotations than the latter.

Book Reviews

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 702-704
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
Historical Perspectives ◽  
European Banking ◽  
Country Analysis ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
Over Time

Kim Oosterlinck of Université Libre de Bruxelles reviews “Financial Elites and European Banking: Historical Perspectives,” edited by Youssef Cassis and Giuseppe Telesca. The Econlit abstract of this book begins: “Nine papers look at the role of financial elites in different European societies and markets over time, providing historical comparisons and cross-country analysis of their adaptation and contribution to the transformation of the national and international regulatory/cultural context in the wake of a crisis in a long-term perspective.”

Hospitable universities and integration of refugees: First responses from Austria and Poland

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 248-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Kontowski ◽  
Madelaine Leitsberger
Keyword(s):  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Human Right ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Past ◽  
European Universities ◽  
Public Role ◽  
The Social ◽  
Academic Year

European universities responded in different ways to the ‘refugee crisis’ of 2015. Some subscribed to the agenda of higher education (HE) as a universal human right, while others stressed different long-term benefits of offering access to it. Yet, the unprecedented sense of moral urgency that guided immediate declarations of support and subsequent actions has largely remained unaddressed. With the crisis becoming a new reality for many countries, HE has a role to play in the social inclusion of refugees, even in countries that were not attractive destinations for refugees in the past. In this article, we provide an overview of the reasons why HE institutions supported refugees, and present the results of an empirical study of Poland and Austria during the 2015–2016 academic year. We then evaluate those first responses utilizing parts of Ager and Strang’s framework of integration, and discuss issues of institutional readiness, capabilities and the public role of HE stemming from this comparison. Our findings suggest that reasons such as acknowledgement of basic rights, or utilizing social capital are insufficient to explain and understand strong integrative support measures. We propose that refugee support by HE institutions is both better understood and promoted through the language of hospitality.

scholarly journals Informal caregiving patterns and trajectories of psychological distress in the UK Household Longitudinal Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (10) ◽  
pp. 1652-1660 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca E. Lacey ◽  
Anne McMunn ◽  
Elizabeth Webb
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Regression Coefficient ◽  
Informal Caregivers ◽  
Informal Caregiving ◽  
Representative Study ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Over Time

AbstractBackgroundApproximately seven million people in the UK are engaged in informal caregiving. Informal caregivers are at risk of poorer mental and physical health. However, less is known about how the relationship between the informal caregiving and psychological distress changes over time. The aim of this study was to investigate longitudinal associations between the informal caregiving and psychological distress amongst UK men and women aged 16+.MethodsData were analysed from the UK Household Longitudinal Study (UKHLS, n = 9368), a nationally representative study of UK households. Longitudinal linear mixed modelling was used to estimate associations between the longitudinal patterns of informal caregiving (non-caregiver/one episode of 1–2 years/intermittent caregiving/3+ years caregiving) and trajectories of psychological distress across seven waves of UKHLS data.ResultsInformal caregiving was not associated with psychological distress for men. Women engaged in long-term (⩾3 years) or intermittent caregiving had higher levels of psychological distress at the point of initiation, compared with women who were not caregivers throughout the study period (3+ years caregiver: regression coefficient 0.48, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.07–0.89; intermittent caregiver: regression coefficient 0.47, 95% CI 0.02–0.92). Trajectories of psychological distress changed little over time, suggesting a plateau effect for these caregiving women.ConclusionsWomen engaged in long-term or repeated shorter episodes of informal caregiving reported more symptoms of psychological distress than non-caregiving women. Given the increased risk of reporting psychological distress and the increasing importance of the informal care sector, the risk of poorer mental health of informal caregivers should be a priority for public health.

Depression and Derailment: A Cyclical Model of Mental Illness and Perceived Identity Change

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 735-753 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaylin Ratner ◽  
Jane Mendle ◽  
Anthony L. Burrow ◽  
Felix Thoemmes
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Identity Change ◽  
Academic Year ◽  
Over Time

We investigated reciprocity between depressive symptoms and a novel construct called derailment, which indexes perceived changes in identity and self-direction. People who are “derailed” have trouble reconciling how their life course has unfolded over time and, as a result, do not easily identify with their former self. College students ( N = 939) participated in a preregistered, four-wave longitudinal study over one academic year. Depression positively predicted subsequent derailment across all components of the model, suggesting that perceived disruptions in life course may occur in response to elevated depressive symptoms. Contrary to predictions, derailment negatively predicted later depression across most waves, indicating that felt changes in identity and self-direction could buffer against downstream mood deteriorations. Although our findings did not support reciprocity, prospective evidence that perceived instability of identity and self-direction relate to an increase in depressive symptoms positions derailment as a new and potentially important facet of the depressive phenotype.

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