scholarly journals Is Drosera meristocaulis a pygmy sundew? Evidence of a long-distance dispersal between Western Australia and northern South America

2012 ◽  
Vol 110 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Rivadavia ◽  
V. F. O. de Miranda ◽  
G. Hoogenstrijd ◽  
F. Pinheiro ◽  
G. Heubl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Long Distance Dispersal ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Northern South America

Driftwood on Heard Island

Polar Record ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 25 (154) ◽  
pp. 223-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. B. Smith ◽  
P. Rudall ◽  
P. L. Keage
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
South American ◽  
Long Distance Dispersal ◽  
South American Species ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Heard Island

AbstractSamples from 73 pieces of non-structural driftwood on Heard Island (53°06′S, 73°30′E) were identified to genus or species. Thirty-one belonged to South American species of Nothofagus. The remainder, consisting mostly of conifers especially Picea and Larix, probably came from ships' cargoes. The assemblage is similar to those reported, from smaller samples, on other southern islands. Other items of flotsam, including fishing buoys and drift-cards, are also reported from Heard Island. The significance of driftwood transport from South America to the island in accounting for long-distance dispersal of terrestrial and intertidal organisms is discussed.

Floristics of the South American Páramo Moss Flora

1990 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-132
Author(s):  
Dana Griffin III
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Southern Hemisphere ◽  
Cloud Forest ◽  
South American ◽  
Long Distance Dispersal ◽  
The South ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Late Pliocene ◽  
Northern Andes ◽  
The Past

The South American paramos appeared in Pliocene times and persist to the present day. The moss flora of this habitat consists of an estimated 400 species that comprise 8 floristic groups. In Venezuela these groups and their percent representation are as follows: neotropical 37%, Andean 26%, cosmopolitan 18%, Andean-African 8%, neotropical-Asiatic 3%, neotropical-Australasian 2%, temperate Southern Hemisphere 2% and northern boreal-temperate 2%. Acrocarpous taxa outnumber pleurocarps by nearly 3:1. The neotropical and Andean floristic stocks likely were present prior to late Pliocene orogenies that elevated the cordillera above climatic timberlines. These species may have existed in open, marshy areas (paramillos) or may have evolved from cloud forest ancestors. Taxa of northern boreal- temperate affinities, including those with Asiatic distributions, probably arrived in the paramos during the Pleistocene, a period which may also have seen the establishment in the Northern Andes of some cosmopolitan elements. Species with temperate Southern Hemisphere and Australasian affinities likely spread first to austral South America thence migrated northward during a cool, moist interval sometime over the past 2.5-3 million years or may have become established in the paramos as a result of long- distance dispersal.

scholarly journals Occurrence of the neotropical moss Dicranella hilariana (Mont.) Mitt. in the Antarctic

2000 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-160
Author(s):  
Ryszard Ochyra ◽  
Halina Bednarek-Ochyra ◽  
Theo Arts ◽  
Ronald I. Lewis Smith
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Global Distribution ◽  
Long Distance Dispersal ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Moss Species ◽  
Antarctic Plants ◽  
Westerly Winds ◽  
South Sandwich Islands ◽  
The Antarctic ◽  
First Time

Dicranella hilariana (Mont.) Mitt., a pan-neotropical moss species, is reported for the first time from the Antarctic botanical zone. It was found on geothermally heated ground near fumaroles on Visokoi, Candlemas and Bellingshausen Islands in the volcanic archipelago of the South Sandwich Islands. Dicranella recurvata Ochyra, Arts & Lewis-Smith, nom. nud., is reduced to synonymy with D. hilariana. The Antarctic plants of D. hilariana are briefly described and illustrated, including the rhizoidal tubers which have not previously been reported in this species. The global distribution of D. hilariana is briefly reviewed and mapped. It is suggested that the species reached the Antarctic via long-distance dispersal from South America by the prevailing strong westerly winds.

scholarly journals Postbreeding Movements of Frigatebirds Tracked with Satellite Telemetry

The Condor ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 108 (1) ◽  
pp. 220-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henri Weimerskirch ◽  
Matthieu Le Corre ◽  
Francis Marsac ◽  
Christophe Barbraud ◽  
Olivier Tostain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
French Guiana ◽  
Satellite Telemetry ◽  
Long Distance Dispersal ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Mozambique Channel ◽  
Breeding Failure ◽  
Satellite Transmitters ◽  
Indian And Atlantic Oceans

Abstract Using satellite telemetry, we studied the postbreeding movements of Great (Fregata minor) and Magnificent Frigatebirds (F. magnificens) at two breeding colonies in the Indian and Atlantic Oceans. After breeding failure, 67% of the birds with satellite transmitters remained on the breeding colonies and continued to perform foraging trips similar to those undertaken while breeding. Two Magnificent Frigatebirds that bred at a colony off the coast of French Guiana moved west along the coast of South America, and one of the two reached Trinidad 1400 km away. One Great Frigatebird moved 4400 km from Europa Island in the Mozambique Channel to the Maldive Islands. It roosted there for at least four months, making foraging trips of up to 240 km, mainly to an area known for its high concentration of tuna. These results show that frigatebirds are able to make rapid and directed long-distance dispersal movements to other colonies or roosting sites, although the majority of birds remain based on breeding colonies.

scholarly journals Neotropical moss floras: Species common to North and South America.

1995 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio Delgadillo M.
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Climatic Changes ◽  
Disjunct Distribution ◽  
Long Distance Dispersal ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Break Up ◽  
North And South America ◽  
North And South ◽  
Continuous Range

North and South America share about 675 species that show two basic patterns, namely, those with a continuous range and those with a disjunct distribution. Both may have resulted from step-bystep migration, but the latter, including 118 species, may be due to break up of previous distributions by post-Tertiary tectonic and climatic changes or by long-distance dispersal.

Global Diversification of Anelosimus Spiders Driven by Long-Distance Overwater Dispersal and Neogene Climate Oscillations

2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
pp. 1122-1136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yufa Luo ◽  
Seok P Goh ◽  
Daiqin Li ◽  
Marcelo O Gonzaga ◽  
Adalberto J Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetics ◽  
Causal Connection ◽  
Long Distance Dispersal ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Early Diversification ◽  
Nucleotide Data ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
Climatic Cooling ◽  
Dispersal Events

Abstract Vicariance and dispersal events, combined with intricate global climatic history, have left an imprint on the spatiotemporal distribution and diversity of many organisms. Anelosimus cobweb spiders (Theridiidae), are organisms ranging in behavior from solitary to highly social, with a cosmopolitan distribution in temperate to tropical areas. Their evolutionary history and the discontinuous distribution of species richness suggest that 1) long-distance overwater dispersal and 2) climate change during the Neogene (23–2.6 Ma), may be major factors in explaining their distribution and diversification. Here, we test these hypotheses, and explicitly test if global Miocene/Pliocene climatic cooling in the last 8 Ma affected Anelosimus radiation in parallel in South America and Madagascar. To do so, we investigate the phylogeny and spatiotemporal biogeography of Anelosimus through a culmination of a 20-year comprehensive global sampling at the species level (69 species, including 84% of the known 75 species worldwide, represented by 268 individuals) using nucleotide data from seven loci (5.5 kb). Our results strongly support the monophyly of Anelosimus with an Oligocene ($\sim $30 Ma) South American origin. Major clades on other continents originate via multiple, long-distance dispersal events, of solitary or subsocial—but not social—lineages, from the Americas. These intercontinental dispersals were to Africa, Madagascar (twice), and SE Asia/Australasia. The early diversification of Anelosimus spiders coincides with a sudden thermal increase in the late Oligocene ($\sim $27–25 Ma), though no causal connection can be made. Our results, however, strongly support the hypothesis that global Neogene climatic cooling in the last 8 Ma drove Anelosimus radiation in parallel in South America and Madagascar, offering a rare empirical evidence for diversification of a socially diverse group driven by an interplay between long-distance dispersal and global Neogene climatic changes. [Cobweb spiders; diversification; global biogeography; long-distance dispersal; molecular phylogenetics; neogene climate changes; sociality; vicariance.]

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