scholarly journals Pollination biology of fruit-bearing hedgerow plants and the role of flower-visiting insects in fruit-set

2009 ◽  
Vol 104 (7) ◽  
pp. 1397-1404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer H. Jacobs ◽  
Suzanne J. Clark ◽  
Ian Denholm ◽  
Dave Goulson ◽  
Chris Stoate ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Set ◽  
Pollination Biology ◽  
Flower Visiting

scholarly journals Bumblebee Preadators Reduce Pollinator Density and Plant Fitness

2004 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 94-97
Author(s):  
Reuven Dukas
Keyword(s):  
Food Reward ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Pollination Biology ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Plant Fitness ◽  
Predatory Activity ◽  
Selective Agents ◽  
Flower Visiting ◽  
Pollination Systems

Research in pollination biology has focused on the interactions between animals and the flowers they visit for food reward. However, other selective agents, including predators, seed feeders and herbivores, may affect pollination systems. Because flowers are predictable food sources for a variety of species, flowers are also reliable sites at which predators can locate flower-visiting animals. Prominent among pollinators' predators are beewolves (Philanthus spp), common sphecid wasps (Sphecidae) that prey almost exclusively on bees. My field work over three years indicates, first, that an area of approximately 50 square km surrounding a single bumblebee wolf (Philanthus bicinctus) aggregation had a low bumblebee (Bombus spp) density caused by intense predation by the wasps, and, second, that fruit set of the bumblebee pollinated western monkshood (Aconitum columbianum) was significantly lower at locations and times of bumblebee wolf activity than at control locations and times with no such predatory activity. These results indicate that predation can sometimes alter plant­pollinator interactions.

Pollination biology of Geissomeria pubescens Nees (Acanthaceae) in a forest remnant in central Brazil

Botany ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 215-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raphael Matias ◽  
Hélder Consolaro
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Set ◽  
Floral Biology ◽  
Pollination Biology ◽  
Energy Availability ◽  
Open Pollination ◽  
Forest Fragment ◽  
Central Brazil ◽  
Forest Remnant ◽  
Fruit Formation ◽  
Nectar Availability

Specialized plants like those in genus Geissomeria Lindl. (Acanthaceae) seem to depend directly on pollination by hummingbirds for reproduction. The goal of this study was to investigate the pollination biology of Geissomeria pubescens Nees (Acanthaceae) in a forest fragment in the municipality of Catalão, state of Goiás, Brazil, including aspects of morphology, floral biology, energy availability from nectar, and reproductive system. Geissomeria pubescens has pendulous red flowers, tubular corolla, diurnal anthesis, and no odor. These floral traits characterize G. pubescens as an ornithophilous species. The total amount of energy available from nectar was 8.60 ± 2.87 cal·flower–1, and each individual produced up to 22.53 cal·day–1. Based on the resources offered by G. pubescens, the fragment studied may support up to 94.6 hummingbirds during the peak of nectar availability. Hummingbirds were the only flower visitors, and Thalurania furcata (Gmelin, 1788) was the main pollinator. Flowers from manual cross- and self-pollination treatments produced fruits, but fruit set was low compared with open pollination. These results, along with the lack of fruit set from agamospermy and spontaneous selfing, demonstrate the importance of hummingbirds for pollen flow and, consequently, for fruit formation in G. pubescens.

ON THE ROLE OF ETHYLENE IN APPLE FRUIT SET

1981 ◽  
pp. 257-257
Author(s):  
M. Rahemi ◽  
F.G. Dennis Jr
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Set ◽  
Apple Fruit

Coffee plant – pollinator interactions: a review

2011 ◽  
Vol 89 (8) ◽  
pp. 647-660 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.T. Ngo ◽  
A.C. Mojica ◽  
L. Packer
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Set ◽  
Current Understanding ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Coffee Plant ◽  
Coffee Plants ◽  
Plant Pollinator

Coffee (genus Coffea  L.) is one of the most critical global agricultural crops. Many studies have focused on coffee plants and their associated insects. This review will summarize work specifically relating to coffee plant – pollinator interactions. We review the current status of coffee as a worldwide commodity, botanical aspects of coffee, and insects associated with coffee pollination, and we assess the current understanding of the role of different pollinator taxa in increasing fruit set and yield.

The cytosolic invertase NI6 affects vegetative growth, flowering, fruit set and yield in tomato

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla Coluccio Leskow ◽  
Mariana Conte ◽  
Talia del Pozo ◽  
Luisa Bermúdez ◽  
Bruno Silvestre Lira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Set ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Sugar Metabolism ◽  
Global Gene Expression ◽  
Metabolite Profile ◽  
Mesophyll Cells ◽  
Network Analyses ◽  
Encoding Gene ◽  
Delayed Flowering

Abstract Sucrose metabolism is of high importance for most plant species, both as the main source of carbon and via signaling mechanisms that have been proposed for this molecule. Two cleaving enzymes channel sucrose into sink metabolism; sucrose synthases (SUS) and invertases (INV), which are localized in different subcellular compartments. Although acid soluble and insoluble invertases have been largely investigated, studies on the role of neutral invertases (A/N-INV) have lagged behind. Here, we identified a tomato A/N-INV encoding gene (NI6) co-localizing with a previously reported pathway QTL largely affecting primary carbon metabolism in tomato. Of the eight A/N-INV genes identified in the tomato genome, NI6 mRNA is present in all organs, but its expression was higher in sink tissues (mainly roots and fruits). A NI6-GFP fusion protein was found in the cytosol of mesophyll cells. Tomato NI6-silenced plants showed impaired growth phenotypes, delayed flowering and dramatic reduction in the fruit set. Global gene expression and metabolite profile analyses of these plants revealed that NI6 is not only essential for sugar metabolism but also plays a signaling role in stress adaptation. Gene-metabolite network analyses allowed identification of major hubs, whose expression patterns were greatly affected by NI6 silencing, within the signaling cascade that coordinates carbohydrate metabolism with growth and development in tomato.

Source Strength Modulates Fruit Set by Starch Turnover and Export of Both Sucrose and Amino Acids in Pepper

2019 ◽  
Vol 60 (10) ◽  
pp. 2319-2330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas de �vila Silva ◽  
Jorge A Condori-Apfata ◽  
Paulo Mafra de Almeida Costa ◽  
Pedro Brand�o Martino ◽  
Ana C Azevedo Tavares ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Source Strength ◽  
Metabolic Balance ◽  
Primary Metabolites ◽  
N Supply ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
Sucrose Supply

Abstract Fruit set is an important yield-related parameter, which varies drastically due to genetic and environmental factors. Here, two commercial cultivars of Capsicum chinense (Biquinho and Habanero) were evaluated in response to light intensity (unshaded and shaded) and N supply (deficiency and sufficiency) to understand the role of source strength on fruit set at the metabolic level. We assessed the metabolic balance of primary metabolites in source leaves during the flowering period. Furthermore, we investigated the metabolic balance of the same metabolites in flowers to gain more insights into their influence on fruit set. Genotype and N supply had a strong effect on fruit set and the levels of primary metabolites, whereas light intensity had a moderate effect. Higher fruit set was mainly related to the export of both sucrose and amino acids from source leaves to flowers. Additionally, starch turnover in source leaves, but not in flowers, had a central role on the sucrose supply to sink organs at night. In flowers, our results not only confirmed the role of the daily supply of carbohydrates on fruit set but also indicated a potential role of the balance of amino acids and malate.

scholarly journals Role of the gibberellin receptors GID1 during fruit-set in Arabidopsis

2014 ◽  
Vol 79 (6) ◽  
pp. 1020-1032 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Gallego-Giraldo ◽  
Jianhong Hu ◽  
Cristina Urbez ◽  
Maria Dolores Gomez ◽  
Tai-ping Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Set

Very Low Fruit : Flower Ratios in Grevillea (Proteaceae) are Independent of Breeding System

1998 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luise Hermanutz ◽  
David Innes ◽  
Andrew Denham ◽  
Robert Whelan
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Set ◽  
Pollen Limitation ◽  
Breeding Systems ◽  
Mature Fruit ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Woody Perennials ◽  
The Family ◽  
Self Compatibility ◽  
Species Specific

Members of the family Proteaceae have extremely low mature fruit : flower (FR : FL) ratios (range 0.001–0.163) compared with other temperate, hermaphroditic, woody perennials. Sutherland’s (1986) survey of FR : FL ratios indicated that compatibility was an important factor explaining levels of fruit set. The role of compatibility in regulating FR : FL ratios was tested in five closely related species of Grevillea (Proteaceae). Species-specific compatibility was compared using the self-compatibility index (SI = ratio of selfed fruit set to crossed fruit set) calculated at fruit initiation to minimise the confounding effect of other post-fertilisation fruit losses, such as inbreeding depression and pre-dispersal predation. Fruit : flower ratios at initiation ranged from 0.041–0.249, and at maturity 0.015–0.096. Grevillea species showed highly variable breeding systems: G. linearifolia was self-incompatible (SI = 0.003), G. sphacelata, G. mucronulata, and G. oleoides were partially self-compatible (SI = 0.07–0.28) and G. longifolia was self-compatible (SI = 0.61). Intrapopulation variability in the level of self-incompatibility was high in all species but G. linearifolia. The correlation between SI and FR: FL ratios was non-significant, indicating that compatibility has a minimal effect on fruit set in the Grevillea species studied, and that these data, together with other data on proteaceous species do not support trends observed in Sutherland’s survey. Low FR : FL ratios resulted from of a combination of pollen limitation, and high levels of flower and fruit predation.

The role of gibberellins and auxin on the tomato cell layers in pericarp via the expression of ARFs regulated by miRNAs in fruit set

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Liu ◽  
Tao Xu ◽  
Xiufen Dong ◽  
Yudong Liu ◽  
Zihan Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Set ◽  
Cell Layers
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