scholarly journals Population subdivision and hybridization in a species complex of Gentiana in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

2020 ◽  
Vol 125 (4) ◽  
pp. 677-690
Author(s):  
Peng-Cheng Fu ◽  
Shan-Shan Sun ◽  
Gulzar Khan ◽  
Xiao-Xia Dong ◽  
Jin-Zhou Tan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Population Subdivision ◽  
Last Interglacial ◽  
Niche Modelling ◽  
Climatic Fluctuations ◽  
History Of ◽  
Nuclear Microsatellite ◽  
Approximate Bayesian

Abstract Background and Aims Hosting several global biodiversity hotspots, the region of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP) is exceptionally species-rich and harbours a remarkable level of endemism. Yet, despite a growing number of studies, factors fostering divergence, speciation and ultimately diversity remain poorly understood for QTP alpine plants. This is particularly the case for the role of hybridization. Here, we explored the evolutionary history of three closely related Gentiana endemic species, and tested whether our results supported the mountain geo-biodiversity hypothesis (MGH). Methods We genotyped 69 populations across the QTP with one chloroplast marker and 12 nuclear microsatellite loci. We performed phylogeographical analysis, Bayesian clustering, approximate Bayesian computation and principal components analysis to explore their genetic relationship and evolutionary history. In addition, we modelled their distribution under different climates. Key Results Each species was composed of two geographically distinct clades, corresponding to the south-eastern and north-western parts of their distribution. Thus Gentiana veitchiorum and G. lawrencei var. farreri, which diverged recently, appear to have shared at least refugia in the past, from which their range expanded later on. Indeed, climatic niche modelling showed that both species went through continuous expansion from the Last Interglacial Maximum to the present day. Moreover, we have evidence of hybridization in the northwest clade of G. lawrencei var. farreri, which probably occurred in the refugium located on the plateau platform. Furthermore, phylogenetic and population genetic analyses suggested that G. dolichocalyx should be a geographically limited distinct species with low genetic differentiation from G. lawrencei var. farreri. Conclusions Climatic fluctuations in the region of the QTP have played an important role in shaping the current genetic structure of G. lawrencei var. farreri and G. veitchiorum. We argue that a species pump effect did occur prior to the Last Interglacial Maximum, thus lending support to the MGH. However, our results do depart from expectations as suggested in the MGH for more recent distribution range and hybridization dynamics.

scholarly journals Evolutionary history of zoogeographical regions surrounding the Tibetan Plateau

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiekun He ◽  
Siliang Lin ◽  
Jiatang Li ◽  
Jiehua Yu ◽  
Haisheng Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
The Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Change Over Time ◽  
Deep Time ◽  
Terrestrial Vertebrates ◽  
History Of ◽  
Striking Change ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Over Time

AbstractThe Tibetan Plateau (TP) and surrounding regions have one of the most complex biotas on Earth. However, the evolutionary history of these regions in deep time is poorly understood. Here, we quantify the temporal changes in beta dissimilarities among zoogeographical regions during the Cenozoic using 4,966 extant terrestrial vertebrates and 1,278 extinct mammal genera. We identify ten present-day zoogeographical regions and find that they underwent a striking change over time. Specifically, the fauna on the TP was close to the Oriental realm in deep time but became more similar to the Palearctic realms more recently. The present-day zoogeographical regions generally emerged during the Miocene/Pliocene boundary (ca. 5 Ma). These results indicate that geological events such as the Indo-Asian Collision, the TP uplift, and the aridification of the Asian interior underpinned the evolutionary history of the zoogeographical regions surrounding the TP over different time periods.

scholarly journals Phylogeography of the widespread white-eared hummingbird (Hylocharis leucotis): pre-glacial expansion and genetic differentiation of populations separated by the Isthmus of Tehuantepec

2020 ◽  
Vol 130 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-267
Author(s):  
Luz E Zamudio-Beltrán ◽  
Yuyini Licona-Vera ◽  
Blanca E Hernández-Baños ◽  
John Klicka ◽  
Juan Francisco Ornelas
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Haplotype Network ◽  
Suitable Habitat ◽  
Glacial Cycles ◽  
Niche Modelling ◽  
Climatic Fluctuations ◽  
History Of ◽  
Genetic Differentiation Of Populations ◽  
Isthmus Of Tehuantepec ◽  
Glacial Expansion

Abstract The Pleistocene glacial cycles had a strong influence on the demography and genetic structure of many species, particularly on northern-latitude taxa. Here we studied the phylogeography of the white-eared hummingbird (Hylocharis leucotis), a widely distributed species of the highlands of Mexico and Central America. Analysis of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences was combined with ecological niche modelling (ENM) to infer the demographic and population differentiation scenarios under present and past conditions. Analyses of 108 samples from 11 geographic locations revealed population structure and genetic differentiation among populations separated by the Isthmus of Tehuantepec (IT) and the Motagua-Polochic-Jocotán (MPJ) fault barriers. ENM predicted a widespread distribution of suitable habitat for H. leucotis since the Last Inter Glacial (LIG), but this habitat noticeably contracted and fragmented at the IT. Models for historical dispersal corridors based on population genetics data and ENM revealed the existence of corridors among populations west of the IT; however, the connectivity of populations across the IT has changed little since the LIG. The shallow geographic structure on either side of the isthmus and a star-like haplotype network, combined with the long-term persistence of populations across time based on genetic data and potential dispersal routes, support a scenario of divergence with migration and subsequent isolation and differentiation in Chiapas and south of the MPJ fault. Our findings corroborate the profound effects of Pleistocene climatic fluctuations on the evolutionary history of montane taxa but challenge the generality of expanded suitable habitat (pine-oak forests) during glacial cycles.

scholarly journals Evolutionary history of the two North African hedgehogs (Mammalia: Erinaceidae) Atelerix algirus and Paraechinus aethiopicus based on phylogeography and species distribution modelling

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 ◽  
pp. 799-811
Author(s):  
Haithem El-Farhati ◽  
Mourad Khaldi ◽  
Alexis Ribas ◽  
Mohamed Wassim Hizem ◽  
Saïd Nouira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Species Distribution Modelling ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Climatic Suitability ◽  
North African ◽  
Niche Modelling ◽  
Distribution Modelling ◽  
The North ◽  
Low Genetic Diversity ◽  
History Of

Abstract Two species of hedgehogs are known to occur in northern part of Africa: the Algerian hedgehog Atelerix algirus and the Ethiopian hedgehog Paraechinus aethiopicus. Within each species several subspecies were described based on morphometrical data and pelage coloration, but all these subspecies have enigmatic and unclear definitions. We investigated the phylogeographical history and taxonomy of these two species based on mitochondrial DNA data covering the entire geographical distribution of A. algirus and the North African distribution of P. aethiopicus. We also used climatic niche modelling to make inferences about their evolutionary history. Low genetic diversity was recovered in both species. While no phylogeographic pattern was found in P. aethiopicus, two haplogroups were identified within A. algirus. This could be explained by the fact that continuous high or moderate climatic suitability occurred throughout most of the Saharan desert since the LGM (Last Glacial Maximum) for the first species, while during the LGM there were several disconnected areas of high climatic suitability for A. algirus: one in South-West Morocco, one at the coastal Moroccan-Algerian border and one in Tunisia-coastal Libya. Our genetic results confirm that A. algirus recently colonized Spain, Balearic and Canary Islands, and that this colonization was probably mediated by humans. Suitable climatic conditions occurred throughout most of the Southern and Eastern Iberian Peninsula during the last 6,000 years which could have favored the spatial expansion of the Algerian hedgehog after its arrival in Europe. According to our molecular results subspecific recognition within North Africa is unwarranted for both species.

scholarly journals Phylogeography of high Andean killifishes Orestias (Teleostei: Cyprinodontidae) in Caquena and Lauca sub-basins of the Altiplano (Chile): mitochondrial and nuclear analysis of an endangered fish

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e11917
Author(s):  
Violeta Cárcamo-Tejer ◽  
Irma Vila ◽  
Francisco Llanquín-Rosas ◽  
Alberto Sáez-Arteaga ◽  
Claudia Guerrero-Jiménez
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Andes Mountains ◽  
Endangered Fish ◽  
The Andes ◽  
Genetic Groups ◽  
Biogeographic History ◽  
D Loop ◽  
History Of ◽  
Nuclear Microsatellite ◽  
Genic Diversity

From the early Miocene, the uplift of the Andes Mountains, intense volcanic activity and the occurrence of successive periods of dryness and humidity would have differentially influenced the modification of Altiplano watersheds, and consequently the evolutionary history of the taxa that live there. We analyzed Orestias populations from the Caquena and Lauca Altiplanic sub-basins of northern Chile to determine their genetic differentiation and relationship to their geographical distribution using mitochondrial (D-loop) and nuclear (microsatellite) molecular markers and to reconstruct its biogeographic history on these sub-basins. The results allowed reconstructing and reevaluating the evolutionary history of the genus in the area; genic diversity and differentiation together with different founding genetic groups suggest that Orestias have been spread homogeneously in the study area and would have experienced local disturbances that promoted isolation and diversification in restricted zones of their distribution.

Phylogeography of Excoecaria acerifolia (Euphorbiaceae) suggests combined effects of historical drainage reorganization events and climatic changes on riparian plants in the Sino–Himalayan region

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi-Wei Wang ◽  
Ti-Cao Zhang ◽  
Dong Luo ◽  
Wen-Guang Sun ◽  
Hang Sun
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Plastid Dna ◽  
Climatic Changes ◽  
Himalayan Region ◽  
Early Pleistocene ◽  
Last Interglacial ◽  
Niche Modelling ◽  
Riparian Plants ◽  
River Valleys

Abstract It has been hypothesized that geological and climatic changes in the Sino–Himalayan region played a significant role in evolutionary history. In this study, we tested this hypothesis by investigating the phylogeography of Excoecaria acerifolia (Euphorbiaceae), a riparian plant species that is widely distributed in the hot/warm-dry river valleys of the Sino–Himalayan region. Spatial analysis of molecular variance, a median-joining network and a Bayesian phylogenetic tree based on plastid DNA, all suggested three major lineages corresponding to the Jialing-Min-Dadu (JMD lineage), Jinsha-Yalong-Salween (JY lineage) and Yarlung Tsangpo-Mekong-Red-Nanpan (YMRN lineage) drainage basins. This was also generally supported by the results based on nuclear DNA. The divergence times of these three major lineages based on both datasets fell in the early Pleistocene, coinciding with the period of drainage reorganization events in the Sino–Himalayan region. The diversification times in the lineages were, however, dated back to the mid Pleistocene, corresponding to the Naynayxungla glaciation (0.72–0.50 Mya) and the penultimate glaciation (0.30–0.13 Mya), which were the most and second most severe glaciations in this region, respectively. Furthermore, mismatch analyses, neutrality test and ecological niche modelling suggest long-term demographic stability of the JY and JMD populations, with expansion only in the YMRN populations during the period(s) from the late penultimate glaciation (138.12 Kya) to the Last Interglacial (95.79 Kya), probably because of less extensive glaciations since the late Pleistocene and the gradually warming interglacial stage. Our study provides one of the few pieces of evidence indicating that combined historical drainage reorganization and climatic change since the Pleistocene might also have acted as important factors in the evolutionary history of riparian plants in the region.

scholarly journals Conserving the functional and phylogenetic trees of life of European tetrapods

2015 ◽  
Vol 370 (1662) ◽  
pp. 20140005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilfried Thuiller ◽  
Luigi Maiorano ◽  
Florent Mazel ◽  
François Guilhaumon ◽  
Gentile Francesco Ficetola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Current System ◽  
Natura 2000 ◽  
Taxonomic Diversity ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Protection System ◽  
Distribution Data ◽  
History Of

Protected areas (PAs) are pivotal tools for biodiversity conservation on the Earth. Europe has had an extensive protection system since Natura 2000 areas were created in parallel with traditional parks and reserves. However, the extent to which this system covers not only taxonomic diversity but also other biodiversity facets, such as evolutionary history and functional diversity, has never been evaluated. Using high-resolution distribution data of all European tetrapods together with dated molecular phylogenies and detailed trait information, we first tested whether the existing European protection system effectively covers all species and in particular, those with the highest evolutionary or functional distinctiveness. We then tested the ability of PAs to protect the entire tetrapod phylogenetic and functional trees of life by mapping species' target achievements along the internal branches of these two trees. We found that the current system is adequately representative in terms of the evolutionary history of amphibians while it fails for the rest. However, the most functionally distinct species were better represented than they would be under random conservation efforts. These results imply better protection of the tetrapod functional tree of life, which could help to ensure long-term functioning of the ecosystem, potentially at the expense of conserving evolutionary history.

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