scholarly journals Alternative Approaches to Assessing Nonresponse Bias in Longitudinal Survey Estimates: An Application to Substance-Use Outcomes Among Young Adults in the United States

2017 ◽  
Vol 185 (7) ◽  
pp. 591-600 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brady Thomas West ◽  
Sean Esteban McCabe
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
The United States ◽  
Longitudinal Survey ◽  
Nonresponse Bias ◽  
Alternative Approaches ◽  
Survey Estimates

scholarly journals HIV/AIDS Risk Behaviors and Substance Use by Young Adults in the United States

2012 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 532-538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan E. Patrick ◽  
Patrick M. O’Malley ◽  
Lloyd D. Johnston ◽  
Yvonne M. Terry-McElrath ◽  
John E. Schulenberg
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Risk Behaviors ◽  
The United States ◽  
Aids Risk ◽  
Hiv Aids

Factors Influencing Smoking Among Indigenous Adolescents Aged 10–24 Years Living in Australia, New Zealand, Canada, and the United States: A Systematic Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 1946-1956 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina L Heris ◽  
Catherine Chamberlain ◽  
Lina Gubhaju ◽  
David P Thomas ◽  
Sandra J Eades
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
Indigenous Adolescents ◽  
Environmental Level

Abstract Introduction Smoking rates are higher among Indigenous populations in most high-income countries with initiation primarily occurring in adolescence for all population groups. This review aims to identify protective and risk factors for smoking behavior among Indigenous adolescents and young adults. Aims and Methods We searched Medline, Embase, and Psychinfo for all original research published between January 2006 and December 2016 that reported influences on smoking for Indigenous adolescents or young adults aged 10–24 living in Australia, New Zealand, Canada, and the United States (US). Extracted data were coded to individual, social, and environmental level categories using a modified Theory of Triadic Influence framework. Results A total of 55 studies were included, 41 were descriptive quantitative and 14 qualitative, and 26 included Indigenous participants only. The majority were from the US (32). Frequently reported influences were at the individual and social levels such as increasing age; attitudes and knowledge; substance use; peer and family relationships; smoking norms; mental health; physical activity. At the environmental level, smoke-free spaces; second-hand smoke exposure; high community level prevalence; and social marketing campaigns were also frequently reported. Some studies referenced price, access, and traditional tobacco use. Few reported historical and cultural factors. Conclusions Young Indigenous people experience similar influences to other populations such as smoking among family and friends. Greater youth smoking is related to broader community level prevalence, but few studies explore the distal or historical contributing factors such as traditional tobacco use, colonization, experiences of intergenerational trauma and discrimination, or the role of cultural connection. Implications This review identified a range of factors that influence Indigenous youth smoking and contributes to an understanding of what prevention measures may be effective. Youth tobacco use occurs alongside other substance use and may also serve as an indicator of mental health. Comprehensive community-based programs that work more broadly to address the risk factors related to tobacco, including improving youth mental health, will be important for other behaviors as well. This research highlights the importance of social influence and need for ongoing denormalization of smoking. Future Indigenous led and community owned research is needed to identify likely protective cultural factors.

Isolating the Nexus of Substance Use, Violence and Sexual Risk for HIV Infection Among Young Adults in the United States

2005 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca L. Collins ◽  
Phyllis L. Ellickson ◽  
Maria Orlando ◽  
David J. Klein
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Sexual Risk ◽  
The United States

scholarly journals 2570. HCV Screening Practices Among Adolescents and Young Adults in a National Sample of Federally Qualified Health Centers in the United States

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. S74-S74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel L Epstein ◽  
Jianing Wang ◽  
Kenneth Mayer ◽  
Jon Puro ◽  
C Robert Horsburgh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
The United States ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Health Centers ◽  
Federally Qualified Health Centers ◽  
Screening Practices ◽  
Hcv Screening ◽  
Hcv Testing

Abstract Background The opioid crisis has been associated with an increase in hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections among 15–30 year olds. Federally Qualified Health Centers (FQHCs) provide comprehensive healthcare to diverse and underserved communities. However, little is known about HCV screening practices among adolescents and young adults seen at FQHCs across the United States. Objective. To characterize the continuum of HCV testing and care among adolescents and emerging adults in a large national sample of US FQHCs. Methods We used the OCHIN electronic medical record to create a retrospective cohort of 13 to 21 year olds who had a least 1 outpatient visit at any of 98 participating US FQHCs across 19 states from 2012 to 2017. Primary outcome was HCV testing during this timeframe. We also identified predictors of HCV screening using multivariable logistic regression adjusting for age, sex, race/ethnicity, and substance use. Results Among 269,287 youth who met inclusion criteria, 54.7% were female, 37.6% White, 33.5% Hispanic, 17.6% Black, and 11.3% other. Mean [SD] age at first HCV screening was 18.5 [2.2] years. Over the study period, 2.5% (6849/269,287) were tested for HCV and 153 (2.2%) had reactive HCV testing. Of those, 117 (76.5%) had confirmatory RNA testing and 65 (55.6%) had detectable RNA. Thirty-five percent (325/933) with ICD-9 codes for opioid-use disorder (OUD) and 8.9% (2080/23,345) with any ICD-9 code for drug use were tested for HCV. Only 10.6% (728/6,849) of individuals tested for HCV had also been tested for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Older age (19–21 vs. 13–15 years old at study end, aOR 5.64, 95% CI 5.13–6.19), Black race (aOR 1.88, 95% CI 1.76–2.00), and ICD-9 codes for substance-use disorder, in particular amphetamine (aOR 5.82, 5.10–6.64), opioids (aOR 3.50, 2.92–4.19), cocaine (aOR 2.90, 2.43–3.47), or cannabis (aOR 2.46, 2.31–2.62) were independently associated with HCV testing in multivariable analysis. Conclusion During the current opioid crisis, only a third of adolescents/young adults diagnosed with OUD in a large national sample of FQHCs were tested for HCV. In addition, only 10% of those tested for HCV were also screened for HIV. Initiatives are needed to increase HCV and HIV screening among at-risk youth at FQHCs. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

Cultural Models of Substance Use Risk and Attributed Stigma: A Comparison of Young Adults in Brazil and the United States

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 209-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole L. Henderson ◽  
William W. Dressler
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Cultural Models ◽  
The United States ◽  
Moral Issue ◽  
Consensus Analysis ◽  
Social Patterns ◽  
Cultural Research ◽  
Cultural Domain

The stigma associated with substance use is well known, but little research has examined stigma attribution, or the tendency to stigmatize, nor is there much cross-cultural research on the topic. We examine cultural models for the risk of substance use associated with stigma attribution in two settings: the United States and Brazil. Study populations of young adults are the focus in each setting. Using methods of cultural domain analysis, cultural consensus analysis, and the analysis of residual agreement, we find similar models in each society. There is a continuum from viewing substance use risk as a biopsychosocial problem to viewing it as a moral issue. In the United States, viewing substance use as a biopsychosocial issue is associated with lower attributed stigma; in Brazil, viewing substance use as a biopsychosocial issue is associated with higher attributed stigma. We argue that social patterns of drug use in each society underlie this difference.

scholarly journals DSM-5 substance use disorders among college-age young adults in the United States: Prevalence, remission and treatment

2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. 650-657 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brooke J. Arterberry ◽  
Carol J. Boyd ◽  
Brady T. West ◽  
Ty S. Schepis ◽  
Sean Esteban McCabe
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
The United States ◽  
College Age ◽  
Dsm 5
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