scholarly journals The Co-Seasonality of Pneumonia and Influenza With Clostridium difficile Infection in the United States, 1993-2008

2013 ◽  
Vol 178 (1) ◽  
pp. 118-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. A. Brown ◽  
N. Daneman ◽  
P. Arora ◽  
R. Moineddin ◽  
D. N. Fisman
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Clostridium Difficile ◽  
Clostridium Difficile Infection ◽  
The United States

scholarly journals Zinc Level and Its Role in Recurrent Clostridium difficile Infection: A Case Report and Literature Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 232470962094131
Author(s):  
Swetha Parvataneni ◽  
Avinash R. Dasari
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Clostridium Difficile ◽  
Clostridium Difficile Infection ◽  
Zinc Supplementation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Zinc Level ◽  
Recurrence Rates ◽  
Oral Transmission ◽  
Recurrent Clostridium Difficile Infection

Clostridium difficile infection is a common nosocomial infection in US hospitals, accounting for approximately 12 800 deaths annually in the United States. These infections are often associated with the use of antibiotics, which can alter the gut microbiome and thus render patients susceptible to C difficile infection. C difficile is often spread via fecal oral transmission. Multiple medications have been developed, but recurrence rates reach 60% after treatment. Recent data have shown that zinc supplementation decreases the recurrence of C difficile infection. In this article, we present a case of recurrent C difficile infection with zinc deficiency in which zinc supplementation improved the symptoms and reduced the incidence of recurrence.

scholarly journals Clinical Practice Guidelines for Clostridium difficile Infection in Adults and Children: 2017 Update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) and Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America (SHEA)

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (7) ◽  
pp. 987-994 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Clifford McDonald ◽  
Dale N Gerding ◽  
Stuart Johnson ◽  
Johan S Bakken ◽  
Karen C Carroll ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Clostridium Difficile ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Clostridium Difficile Infection ◽  
The United States ◽  
Healthcare Associated Infection ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
Healthcare Associated ◽  
Healthcare Epidemiology

Abstract A panel of experts was convened by the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) and Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America (SHEA) to update the 2010 clinical practice guideline on Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) in adults. The update, which has incorporated recommendations for children (following the adult recommendations for epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment), includes significant changes in the management of this infection and reflects the evolving controversy over best methods for diagnosis. Clostridium difficile remains the most important cause of healthcare-associated diarrhea and has become the most commonly identified cause of healthcare-associated infection in adults in the United States. Moreover, C. difficile has established itself as an important community pathogen. Although the prevalence of the epidemic and virulent ribotype 027 strain has declined markedly along with overall CDI rates in parts of Europe, it remains one of the most commonly identified strains in the United States where it causes a sizable minority of CDIs, especially healthcare-associated CDIs. This guideline updates recommendations regarding epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, infection prevention, and environmental management.

Hospital readmissions related to Clostridium difficile infection in the United States

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 346-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhishek Deshpande ◽  
Chaitanya Pant ◽  
Mojtaba Olyaee ◽  
Curtis J. Donskey
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Clostridium Difficile ◽  
Clostridium Difficile Infection ◽  
Hospital Readmissions ◽  
The United States

scholarly journals 750. Retrospective Evaluation of the Three-Step EIA/PCR Algorithm as a Cost-Effective Method for Detection and Treatment of Clostridium Difficile Infection

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S472-S473
Author(s):  
Bakri Kulla ◽  
patrick Haggerty
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Clostridium Difficile ◽  
Clostridium Difficile Infection ◽  
The United States ◽  
Hospital Length Of Stay ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Continuous Variables ◽  
True Positive ◽  
Positive Rate ◽  
Step Algorithm

Abstract Background Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is the primary cause of infectious diarrhea in the United States. With an estimated 453,000-500,000 burden cases that are associated with 15,000-30,000 deaths annually in the United States. Because of its prevalence, there is a projected 3.2-4.8 billion dollar annual cost for inpatient care related to CDI. For these reasons, accurate and timely detection of CDI is crucial to reduce the morbidity, mortality, and medical costs. Methods This is a retrospective cohort study. Adult patients, aged 18 through 80 years, admitted between 9/1/2016 and 9/30/2017, who presented with diarrhea and received a CDI algorithm test. To assess bivariate associations between true positive and indeterminate positive groups, categorical variables were compared using Chi-Square or Fisher’s exact tests when appropriate, and continuous variables were analyzed using independent samples t-tests. Results The study included 1031 stool samples, of which 853 (82.7%) were CDI negative and 178 (17.3%) were CDI positive. Of the full sample, 265 (25.7%) were GDH (+), 94 (9.1%) were toxin (+), and 84 (8.1%) were PCR (+). In order to examine patient-level variables, the first positive from each patient was included to ensure independence of data points, resulting in 830 unique tests and patients. The true positive rate of this sub-sample was 9.4% (n = 78) and indeterminate positive rate was 8.7% (n = 72). An important findings of the study is that of the patients who were GDH (+)/toxin (-), 87 (50.9%) were PCR (-) and 84 (49.1%) were PCR (+).Table 1 Conclusion The study found that of the patients who are GDH (+) and Toxin (-), the PCR test serves as a proxy for the CDI test. In addition, we demonstrated that whether the patient was true positive by the GDH/Toxin test or indeterminate positive, the outcomes were the same. The only difference was the antibiotic selections for treatment. Performing PCR tests as a part of three-step algorithm prevented nearly half of discrepant patients from being unnecessarily treated with antibiotics and placed on enteric precaution, thereby extending their hospital stay. Finally, by preventing unnecessary antibiotic use, isolation and hospital length of stay, it is proposed that the three-step algorithm effectively reduces hospital cost. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

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