scholarly journals Influence of Maternal Glucose Level on Ethnic Differences in Birth Weight and Pregnancy Outcome

2002 ◽  
Vol 156 (6) ◽  
pp. 498-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. O. Scholl
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Pregnancy Outcome ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
Ethnic Differences ◽  
Maternal Glucose

155 Evening blue light exposure, maternal glucose and infant birth weight

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. A63-A63
Author(s):  
Bilgay Izci Balserak ◽  
Renata Hermann ◽  
Catalin Buhimschi ◽  
Chang Gi Park
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Blue Light ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Light Exposure ◽  
Blue Wavelength ◽  
Infant Birth ◽  
Wavelength Light ◽  
Maternal Glucose

Abstract Introduction During pregnancy, the use of light-emitting electronic devices before bedtime may contribute to or exacerbate sleep problems. Exposure to blue-wavelength light in particular from these devices may affect sleep by inhibiting melatonin release and causing neurophysiologic arousal which may affect the uterus environment. However, the health consequences of blue-wavelength light on maternal glucose level and fetus development is poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that nocturnal blue-light exposure is associated with maternal glucose level and infant’s birth weight. Methods A group of pregnant women aged 24-39 years old who wore 7-day actigraphy, and completed questionnaires including Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index participated in the study. Infant’s birth weight (n=41) and fasting glucose level (n=30) was abstracted from mothers’ medical charts. Blue-wavelength light exposure was obtained from actigraphy recordings. Unadjusted linear regression analyses were performed to determine sleep characteristics that were associated with fasting glucose and infant’s weight (p<0.2). Using infant’s birth weight and fasting glucose as outcome variables, confounding variables were evaluated in full linear regression models as independent variables. Results The mean gestational age was 30.66 (Standard Deviation (SD) 3.46) weeks. The mean fasting glucose, infant’s birth weight and gestational age at delivery were 95.73 mg/dL (SD 24.68), 3261 gr (SD 470) and 38.78 (SD 1.69), respectively. In unadjusted analysis, infant birth weight was significantly associated with only blue light value (μW/cm2) (β=76.98, p=0.002) and remained significant (β=78.26, p=0.003) after adjusting for BMI, maternal age and gestational diabetes. Fasting glucose was associated with blue light value (β=2.81, p=0.055) and became significantly associated (β=78.26, p=0.003) after adjusting for sleep duration, parity and gestational diabetes. The coefficient demonstrates that for each unit increase in the evening blue light exposure, there is a 78 gr increase in infant weight after controlling the effect of maternal age, BMI and gestational diabetes. Conclusion Evening blue light exposure during mid and late pregnancy may alter maternal glucose regulation and placental nutrient transport to fetus, but these remain to be studied. This study may shed light on future research on the effect of evening light exposure on pregnancy outcomes. Support (if any) National Institutes of Health (R00-NR013187)

scholarly journals Pregnancy Outcome during the First COVID 19 Lockdown in Vienna, Austria

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 3782
Author(s):  
Sylvia Kirchengast ◽  
Beda Hartmann
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Pregnancy Outcome ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Very Low Birth Weight ◽  
Extremely Low Birth Weight ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Gestational Length ◽  
Live Births

The COVID 19 pandemic represents a major stress factor for non-infected pregnant women. Although maternal stress during pregnancy increases the risk of preterm birth and intrauterine growth restriction, an increasing number of studies yielded no negative effects of COVID 19 lockdowns on pregnancy outcome. The present study focused on pregnancy outcome during the first COVID 19 lockdown phase in Austria. In particular, it was hypothesized that the national lockdown had no negative effects on birth weight, low birth weight rate and preterm birth rate. In a retrospective medical record-based single center study, the outcome of 669 singleton live births in Vienna Austria during the lockdown phase between March and July 2020 was compared with the pregnancy outcome of 277 live births at the same hospital during the pre-lockdown months of January and February 2020 and, in addition, with the outcome of 28,807 live births between 2005 and 2019. The rate of very low gestational age was significantly lower during the lockdown phase than during the pre-lockdown phase. The rate of low gestational age, however, was slightly higher during the lockdown phase. Mean birth weight was significantly higher during the lockdown phase; the rates of low birth weight, very low birth weight and extremely low birth weight were significantly lower during the lockdown phase. In contrast, maternal gestational weight gain was significantly higher during the lockdown phase. The stressful lockdown phase in Austria seems to have no negative affect on gestational length and newborn weight among non-infected mothers.

Impact of Maternal Glucose and Gestational Weight Gain on Child Obesity over the First Decade of Life in Normal Birth Weight Infants

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 1559-1568 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa A. Hillier ◽  
Kathryn L. Pedula ◽  
Kimberly K. Vesco ◽  
Caryn E.S. Oshiro ◽  
Keith K. Ogasawara
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Gestational Weight Gain ◽  
Child Obesity ◽  
Normal Birth Weight ◽  
Normal Birth ◽  
Gestational Weight ◽  
Maternal Glucose

Three-dimensional ultrasound first trimester fetal volume measurement and its relation to pregnancy outcome

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Haitham A. Torky ◽  
Asem A. Moussa ◽  
Ali M. Ahmad ◽  
Osama Dief ◽  
Manar A. Eldesoouky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Pregnancy Outcome ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Preterm Labor ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
3D Ultrasound ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Crown Rump Length

AbstractAim of work:To determine whether fetal volume (FV) measured by three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound was able to detect fetuses at risk of low birth weight (primary outcome) and/or preterm labor (secondary outcome).Methods:One hundred pregnant women carrying a singleton living pregnancy who were sure of dates, and had a dating scan, with gestational age between 11 weeks and 13 weeks+6 days coming for routine first trimester nuchal translucency (NT) were examined by both two-dimensional (2D) and 3D ultrasound (Vocal System) for crown-rump length (CRL) and FV then followed up regularly every 4 weeks until 28 weeks then biweekly until 36 weeks then weekly until delivery both clinically and by ultrasound biometry.Findings:Eighty-seven cases had a normal outcome, while the remaining 13 cases had either preterm labor (four cases) or low-birth weight (nine cases). FV positively correlated with CRL (P=0.026), gestational age in weeks (P=0.002), neonatal body weight in grams (P=0.018) and neonatal body length at birth (P=0.04). A mean FV of 8.3 mmConclusion:3D assessment of FV in the first trimester provides an accurate method for predicting pregnancy outcome namely low birth weight and neonatal complications, however, it is a better positive predictor than a negative one.

scholarly journals Clinico-Demographic Profile and Pregnancy Outcome in Placenta Previa: A Study from Tertiary Care Hospital

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-4
Author(s):  
Husneyara Haque ◽  
Upendra Pandit
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Blood Transfusion ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Pregnancy Outcome ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Placenta Previa ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
College Teaching ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Care Hospital

Introduction: Placenta previa is an obstetric complication which causes considerable maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality during pregnancy. This study is done with the objective to find out the clinico-demographic factors associated with placenta previa and to analyze maternal and perinatal outcome in these cases. Methods: This was a retrospective study done in the department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Nepalgunj Medical College Teaching Hospital, Nepalgunj, a tertiary care hospital from Midwestern Nepal. Relevant data were retrieved from maternity register from June 2015 to May 2017. All women who had undergone caesarean section for placenta previa were included in this study. Result: Out of total 5812 deliveries during the study period there were 50 caesarian sections done for placenta previa which is 0.86% of total deliveries. Maximum number of mothers belonged to 26- 30 years of age group. Commonest type of placenta previa was minor type. About 72% were multiparous. 20% had previous LSCS and 24% had previous abortion. Postpartum hemorrhage was present in 36% mothers and 32% received blood transfusion. About 64% new born were preterm and low birth weight. 34% babies had less than 7 apgar score at 5 min. Still births were 6%. Conclusion: Placenta previa poses greater risk and need of blood transfusion to mother as well as birth of preterm and low birth weight babies which leads to perinatal morbidity and mortality. Timely diagnosis, regular antenatal check up and effective management may improve pregnancy outcome.

AB0105 CHECKPOINT MOLECULES AND PREGNANCY: ENHANCED SPD-L1 PREDICTS FLARE IN RA PREGNANCY AND POSTPARTUM

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 1351.1-1352
Author(s):  
A. L. Stefanski ◽  
K. Eriksson ◽  
A. Zbinden ◽  
P. Villiger ◽  
F. Förger
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Disease Activity ◽  
Pregnancy Outcome ◽  
Preterm Delivery ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy Outcome ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Healthy Pregnancy ◽  
Pregnancy And Postpartum ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy

Background:Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a female-predominant autoimmune disease that may affect women in childbearing age, making family planning an important issue for their life. There is a need for better understanding the mechanisms modulating RA in pregnancy and develop prognostic marker regarding adverse pregnancy outcome such as reduced birth weight and preterm delivery. As a crucial organ for peripheral tolerance during pregnancy, the placenta is expressing constitutively programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1), major ligand of the inhibitory receptor PD-1 (Zhang et al, 2015). We hypothesize that the PD-1 pathway plays a central inhibitory role in regulating the course of the disease and pregnancy outcome in RA.Objectives:To investigate the relationship between PD-1 pathway, disease activity during pregnancy/postpartum and pregnancy outcome in RA.Methods:We measured soluble PD-1 and PD-L1 levels by ELISA in serum samples of 27 pregnant RA patients and 25 healthy pregnant controls at different time points during pregnancy and postpartum. As for pregnancy controls, we analyzed serum samples from 28 non-pregnant RA patients and 18 non-pregnant healthy controls. The data was analyzed in correlation with disease activity (measured by DAS28-CRP) and pregnancy outcome (defined as preterm delivery and birth weight). Statistics were calculated by Mann-Whitney U test and Wilcoxon test, correlations by Spearman rank test.Results:In healthy pregnancy, sPD-L1 increases significantly in the 1sttrimester (p = 0,0198) and decreases significantly postpartum (p = 0,0029). sPD-L1 values are higher in non-pregnant RA patients compared to non-pregnant healthy controls (p = 0,047) and there are no significant changes during RA pregnancy. Postpartum sPD-L1 values are significantly higher in RA patients compared to healthy controls (p = 0,0014), Fig. 1. Notably, regarding disease activity, we noticed a significant positive correlation between the overall sPD-L1 values in RA and DAS28-CRP (p= 0.0104), Fig. 2. No significant correlation was seen between sPD-L1, birth weight and preterm delivery. For sPD-1 we focused on 3rdtrimester and postpartum, however, there was no difference between healthy controls and RA patients and no correlation with disease activity or pregnancy outcome.Conclusion:In healthy pregnancy, we observed an increase of sPD-L1, which decreases after delivery. This supports the hypothesis, that PD-1 pathway may be involved in shaping the physiological fetal-maternal tolerance. In RA higher sPD-L1 values are measured already in non-pregnant patients compared to healthy controls and there is no physiological decrease postpartum. Intriguing, sPD-L1 correlates positively with RA disease activity, reflecting a possible functional antagonism towards the inhibitory function of membrane bound PD-L1 molecules. However, the detailed function of sPD-L1 need to be further delineated. Nevertheless, sPD-L1 may have the potential to serve as prognostic marker for flares in RA pregnancy. Regarding the rather rarely observed adverse pregnancy outcome, larger cohorts need to be investigated.References:[1]Zhang YH, Tian M, Tang MX et al. Recent Insight into the Role of the PD-1/PD-L1 Pathway in Feto-Maternal Tolerance and Pregnancy. Am J Reprod Immunol. 2015 Sep;74(3):201-8.Disclosure of Interests:Ana-Luisa Stefanski: None declared, Klara Eriksson: None declared, Astrid Zbinden: None declared, Peter Villiger Consultant of: MSD, Abbvie, Roche, Pfizer, Sanofi, Speakers bureau: Roche, MSD, Pfizer, Frauke Förger Grant/research support from: Unrestricted grant from UCB, Consultant of: UCB, GSK, Roche, Speakers bureau: UCB, GSK

scholarly journals Hypoxia causes reductions in birth weight by altering maternal glucose and lipid metabolism

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenni Määttä ◽  
Niina Sissala ◽  
Elitsa Y. Dimova ◽  
Raisa Serpi ◽  
Lorna G. Moore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Glucose And Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Maternal Glucose

Treatment of 139 Pregnancies in Antiphospholipid-positive Women Not Fulfilling Criteria for Antiphospholipid Syndrome: A Retrospective Study

2013 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 425-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa Del Ross ◽  
Amelia Ruffatti ◽  
Maria Serena Visentin ◽  
Marta Tonello ◽  
Antonia Calligaro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Pregnancy Outcome ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Pregnancy Loss ◽  
Antiphospholipid Antibody ◽  
Birth Weight Percentile ◽  
Antibody Profile ◽  
Gestational Age At Birth ◽  
Age At Birth ◽  
Weight Percentile

Objective.The effect of low-dose aspirin (LDA) on pregnancy outcome in antiphospholipid (aPL)-positive women not fulfilling the criteria for antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (APS) was evaluated retrospectively.Methods.We evaluated 139 pregnancies of 114 aPL-positive women not fulfilling the Sydney classification criteria for definite APS (104 treated with LDA, 35 untreated). Inclusion criteria consisted of (1) any titer of aPL and no previous pregnancy or no pregnancy losses (defined as aPL carriers); (2) any titer of aPL and 1 or 2 pregnancy losses before the 10th gestational week. No women had previous thrombosis. The rate of pregnancy loss, gestational age at delivery, and birth weight percentile were compared in the treated and untreated patients. Associations between clinical and laboratory characteristics and pregnancy outcomes were investigated.Results.The rate of pregnancy loss was low in both treated and untreated groups (7.7% vs 2.9%, respectively). There were no statistically significant differences in the rate of pregnancy loss, gestational age at birth, or birth weight percentile in the treated and untreated groups. There were significant associations between gestational age at birth ≤ 34th week and positivity for lupus anticoagulant (p = 0.025) and anti-ß2-glycoprotein I IgG antibodies at titers > 99th (p = 0.016).Conclusion.LDA treatment does not appear to improve pregnancy outcome in low-risk women not fulfilling the criteria for APS. Because antibody profile seems to influence pregnancy outcome, further studies of patients stratified according to their antibody profile are warranted.

scholarly journals Nutrient partitioning during adolescent pregnancy

Reproduction ◽  
2001 ◽  
pp. 347-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Wallace ◽  
D Bourke ◽  
P Da Silva ◽  
R Aitken
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Pregnancy Outcome ◽  
Adolescent Mothers ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy Outcome ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Gravid Uterus ◽  
Maternal Body ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Nutrient Partitioning

Human adolescent mothers have an increased risk of delivering low birth weight and premature infants with high mortality rates within the first year of life. Studies using a highly controlled adolescent sheep paradigm demonstrate that, in young growing females, the hierarchy of nutrient partitioning during pregnancy is altered to promote growth of the maternal body at the expense of the gradually evolving nutrient requirements of the gravid uterus and mammary gland. Thus, overnourishing adolescent dams throughout pregnancy results in a major restriction in placental mass, and leads to a significant decrease in birth weight relative to adolescent dams receiving a moderate nutrient intake. High maternal intakes are also associated with increased rates of spontaneous abortion in late gestation and, for ewes delivering live young, with a reduction in the duration of gestation and in the quality and quantity of colostrum accumulated prenatally. As the adolescent dams are of equivalent age at the time of conception, these studies indicate that nutritional status during pregnancy rather than biological immaturity predisposes the rapidly growing adolescents to adverse pregnancy outcome. Nutrient partitioning between the maternal body and gravid uterus is putatively orchestrated by a number of endocrine hormones and, in this review, the roles of both maternal and placental hormones in the regulation of placental and fetal growth in this intriguing adolescent paradigm are discussed. Impaired placental growth, particularly of the fetal component of the placenta, is the primary constraint to fetal growth during late gestation in the overnourished dams and nutritional switch-over studies indicate that high nutrient intakes during the second two-thirds of pregnancy are most detrimental to pregnancy outcome. In addition, it may be possible to alter the nutrient transport function of the growth-restricted placenta in that the imposition of a catabolic phase during the final third of pregnancy in previously rapidly growing dams results in a modest increase in lamb birth weight.

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