scholarly journals Neighborhood Deprivation, Obesity, and Diabetes in Residents of the US Gulf Coast

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael D Hu ◽  
Kaitlyn G Lawrence ◽  
Mark R Bodkin ◽  
Richard K Kwok ◽  
Lawrence S Engel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hemoglobin A1c ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Gulf Coast ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Prevalence Ratio ◽  
Prescription Medication ◽  
Area Deprivation ◽  
Neighborhood Deprivation ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes ◽  
The Us

Abstract Socioeconomic status has been associated with cardiovascular disease risk factors. However, few studies have examined this relationship among populations in the US Gulf Coast region. We assessed neighborhood deprivation in relation to obesity and diabetes in 9,626 residents participating in the Gulf Long-Term Follow-Up Study (2011–present) who completed a home visit (2011–2013) with height, weight, waist, and hip measurements. Obesity was categorized as body mass index of at least 30, and diabetes was defined by doctor’s diagnosis or prescription medication. Participant home addresses were linked to an established Area Deprivation Index and categorized into 4 levels (1 = least deprived). In adjusted, modified Poisson regression models, participants with greatest deprivation were more likely to have obesity compared with those with least deprivation (adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR) = 1.21, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.08, 1.35), central obesity (aPR = 1.11, 95% CI: 1.04, 1.19), and diabetes (aPR = 1.49, 95% CI: 1.03, 2.14). Repeated analyses among a subgroup of participants (n = 3,016) whose hemoglobin A1C values were measured 3 years later indicated the association with diabetes (defined as diagnosis, medications, or hemoglobin A1C ≥ 6.5) was similar (aPR = 1.46, 95% CI: 1.14, 1.86). Results suggest neighborhood deprivation is associated with obesity and diabetes in a US region with high baseline prevalence.

Abstract P551: Public Sentiment Toward Immigrants and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Among Hispanics/Latinos in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 141 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle M Crookes ◽  
Lisa M Bates ◽  
Amelia K Boehme ◽  
Earle C Chambers ◽  
Martha Daviglus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Foreign Born ◽  
The Us ◽  
Latino Immigrant ◽  
Latino Adults ◽  
Current Alcohol

Background: News reports and hate crime data suggest that anti-Hispanic/Latino immigrant sentiment was expressed by some sectors of the U.S. public during the 2016 Presidential campaign and election. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between this period and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors thought to be responsive to acute stress exposure among Hispanic/Latino adults in the US. Methods: Data were from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL), a prospective cohort study of Hispanic/Latino adults living in the US. The analytic sample was limited to non-pregnant adults, 35 to 74 years old, who participated in Visit 1 (2008-2011) and Visit 2 (2014-2017). The exposed were defined as participants who completed Visit 2 in 2016 and the unexposed were defined as participants who completed Visit 2 in 2014 or 2015. Cardiovascular disease risk factors included elevated depressive symptoms (CESD-10 score: 10+), current smoking, and at-risk levels of alcohol consumption (women: 7+ drinks/week; men: 14+ drinks/week). Current alcohol use (i.e., any current alcohol use) was also examined as a potential stress-related outcome. Predicted marginal risk ratio models were used to estimate incident Visit 2 outcomes as a function of exposure to the year 2016 among individuals who did not have those outcomes at Visit 1. Models were adjusted for age and insurance status at Visit 1. A priori interactions with nativity status, duration of residence in the US, and Hispanic/Latino background group were examined. Results: No statistically significant association between 2016 exposure and elevated depressive symptoms was observed in the main model, but additive interaction by Hispanic/Latino background group was observed ( p = 0.03) (Mexican and Central American background: RR adjusted : 1.28 (0.94, 1.76); Hispanics/Latinos of other background groups: RR adjusted : 0.85 (0.66, 1.09)). No association between 2016 exposure and incident smoking or incident at-risk alcohol consumption was observed and tests for interaction were not statistically significant. For incident current alcohol use, borderline trends in the main model suggested an association with the exposure (RR adjusted : 1.11 (0.99, 1.26)). Further, statistically significant additive interaction by nativity status was observed (Foreign-born: RR adjusted : 1.20 (1.06, 1.37); US/Puerto Rico-born: RR adjusted : 0.78 (0.55, 1.09)). Conclusions: Trends from study findings suggest an association between exposure to anti-Hispanic/Latino immigrant sentiment in 2016 and current alcohol use among foreign-born Hispanic/Latino adults. Given limitations of using time as a proxy for exposure to anti-Hispanic/Latino immigrant sentiment, future studies should explore more specific measurements of sentiment during this time and explore short and long-term effects of this sentiment.

Neighborhood deprivation and cardiovascular disease risk factors: Protective and harmful effects

2006 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 228-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Cubbin ◽  
Kristina Sundquist ◽  
Helena Ahlén ◽  
Sven-Erik Johansson ◽  
Marilyn A. Winkleby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors ◽  
Neighborhood Deprivation ◽  
Harmful Effects

scholarly journals Can Early Management of Hypertension by General Practitioners Improve Outcome?

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah L Nadler ◽  
Athena Poppas
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Lifestyle Modification ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Early Management ◽  
Individualized Care ◽  
Lower Blood ◽  
The Us ◽  
Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk

Hypertension and its cardiovascular sequelae remain one of the major causes of death and disability worldwide, and the prevalence of hypertension in the US and Europe is high. Hypertension is a leading modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular events. Pharmacological approaches and lifestyle modification to treat hypertension early have been consistently shown to improve cardiovascular outcomes in primary and secondary prevention. Recent guidelines recommend initiating treatment at lower blood pressure levels, with normal blood pressure being defined as <120/80 mmHg. Calculating risk using a score such as the Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk Calculator is important to enable the general practitioner to give appropriate, individualized care.

scholarly journals Assessing Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk with Advanced Lipid Testing: State of the Science

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Amir German ◽  
Michael David Shapiro
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
Plasma Lipids ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Lipid Lowering Therapy ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes ◽  
Lipid Panel

Cardiovascular disease is the number one cause of death and disability worldwide. While substantial gains have been made in reducing cardiovascular mortality, future projections suggest that we have reached a nadir and may be at an inflection point, given the rising tide of obesity and diabetes. Evaluation and management of plasma lipids is central to the prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Although the standard lipid panel represents a well-established platform to assess risk, this test alone can be insufficient and/or misleading. Advances in our understanding of atherosclerosis have led to the development of lipid-based biomarkers that help to discriminate the risk of cardiovascular disease when it is unclear. While these biomarkers provide novel information, their implementation into clinical medicine remains difficult given discrepancies in the literature, lack of assay standardisation, poor accessibility and high cost. However, additional measures of atherogenic lipoproteins or their surrogates may offer insight beyond the standard lipid panel, providing a more precise assessment of risk and more accurate assessment of lipid-lowering therapy.

scholarly journals Heterogeneity of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors Among Asian Immigrants: Insights From the 2010 to 2018 National Health Interview Survey

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Binu Koirala ◽  
Ruth‐Alma Turkson‐Ocran ◽  
Diana Baptiste ◽  
Bibhu Koirala ◽  
Lucine Francis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Prevalence Ratio ◽  
Asian Immigrants ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors ◽  
White Adults ◽  
Hispanic White

Background The Asian population is the fastest‐growing immigrant population in the United States. Prior studies have examined the Asian immigrant population as a homogenous group. We hypothesized that there will be heterogeneity in cardiovascular disease risk factors among Asian immigrant subgroups (Indian subcontinent, Southeast Asia, Asia) compared with the non‐Hispanic White population. Methods and Results A cross‐sectional analysis of the 2010 to 2018 National Health Interview Survey was conducted among 508 941 adults who were born in Asian regions or were non‐Hispanic White and born in the United States. Generalized linear models with Poisson distribution were fitted to compare the prevalence of self‐reported hypertension, overweight/obesity, diabetes mellitus, high cholesterol, physical inactivity, and current smoking among Asian immigrants compared with White adults, adjusting for known confounders. We included 33 973 Asian immigrants from Southeast Asia (45%), Asia (29%), the Indian subcontinent (26%), and 474 968 White adults. Compared with non‐Hispanic White adults, Indian subcontinent immigrants had the highest prevalence of overweight/obesity (prevalence ratio, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.19–1.25); Southeast Asian immigrants had the highest prevalence of high cholesterol (prevalence ratio, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.10–1.23); Indian subcontinent (prevalence ratio, 1.69; 95% CI, 1.49–1.93) and Southeast Asian (prevalence ratio, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.26–1.52) immigrants had a higher prevalence of diabetes. All Asian immigrant subgroups were more likely to be physically inactive and less likely to smoke than White adults. Conclusions We observed significant heterogeneity in cardiovascular disease risk factors among Asian immigrants and a varied prevalence of risk factors compared with non‐Hispanic White adults. Providers caring for Asian immigrants should provide tailored and culturally informed care to improve the cardiovascular health of this diverse group.

Prevalence of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in an Indigenous Vedda Community in Sri Lanka: Do These Communities Need a Targeted Health Promotion Strategy?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaluthanthri Patabndi Chamila Dalpatadu ◽  
Prasad Katulanda ◽  
Gaya Katulanda ◽  
Priyanka Herath ◽  
Leonard Wanninayake ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Access To Health Care ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors ◽  
Health Seeking ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes ◽  
Indigenous Groups

Abstract Background: The indigenous population in Sri Lanka called “Veddas” estimated to be around 0.05% of the total population in the island. This population is unique that they used to live mostly in jungles with primitive lifestyles. The objective was to study the cardiovascular risk factors in this indigenous (Vadda) community.Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out with convenience sampling method, by inviting all adults (> 18 years) in the indigenous village Pollebedda. Height, weight and blood pressure was measured, and fasting blood samples were analyzed for glucose, lipids and haemoglobin. Data were analyzed using SPSS (version 22)0.Results: Response rate was approximately 39%. Out of total 121 participants 47 were males and 74 were females. The mean age was 44.29 +14.75 years and 12 were elders> 65 years of age. In the sample 17.3% were obese (BMI>27.5) while 24.8%% were overweight (BMI 23-27.5). The crude prevalence of diabetes, hypertension and raised total cholesterol were 7.2%, 12.4% 7.7% respectively. Prevalence of low HDLC (< 40mg/dL in men,< 50 mg/dL in women), high LDLC (>160 mg/dL) and elevated triglycerides (>150mg/dL) were 75.2%, 7.7% and 25.6% respectively. Isolated hypertriglyceridemia was present in 20.5%.Conclusions: There is a rising trend of obesity and diabetes in this indigenous community compared to previous study. This highlights that the indigenous peoples in Sri Lanka share the relatively high rates of coronary artery risk factors observed among other indigenous groups around the world. Changes in lifestyle and diet, poverty, poor health seeking behavior and limited access to health care due to limitation in transport are possible risk factors for this trend which needs to be further evaluated. A local and global initiative is required to control cardiovascular disease risk factors among indigenous groups.

Abstract MP55: Associations Between Traffic-Related Air Pollution and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors Were Stronger in More Walkable Neighborhoods: The Cardiovascular Health in Ambulatory Care Research Team Cohort

Circulation ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 137 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas A Howell ◽  
Jack V Tu ◽  
Rahim Moineddin ◽  
Anna Chu ◽  
Hong Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes

Introduction: Studies suggest living in a more walkable neighborhood may protect against cardiovascular disease risk factors such as hypertension (HTN) and diabetes mellitus (DM) by encouraging physical activity. Walkable neighborhoods, however, often carry higher levels of traffic-related air pollution. Little is known regarding whether synergistic effects may exist between walkability and air pollution on these risk factors. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that the association between traffic-related air pollution, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus would be stronger in more walkable areas. Methods: We drew a cross-sectional sample of individuals ages 40-74 on January 1, 2008 from the CANHEART cohort. HTN and DM were ascertained using validated algorithms. Walkability (quintiles, Q5 highest, Q1 lowest) was measured using a validated index which has previously been shown to be inversely associated with obesity and diabetes. Exposure to nitrogen dioxide, a valid marker for traffic-related air pollution, was assessed using a land use regression models. The associations were tested using logistic regression with cluster-robust standard errors, adjusting for age, sex, area-level income, ethnicity, and comorbidities. Results: In total, 2,618,584 individuals were included in the analysis (mean (SD) age = 53.2 (9.2), 52% female). Walkability was inversely associated with odds for HTN (Q5 vs. Q1 OR = 0.80, 95% CI: 0.79, 0.82) and DM (Q5 vs. Q1 OR = 0.89, 95% CI: 0.87, 0.91), while NO 2 was positively associated with each (HTN: OR = 1.02 per 10 ppb (1.01, 1.03); DM: OR = 1.11 per 10 ppb (1.09, 1.13)). We observed significant interactions between walkability and NO 2 on odds for HTN and DM, with stronger NO 2 associations in the most walkable neighborhoods (Fig. 1). Conclusions: We observed significant interactions between traffic-related air pollution and walkability on odds for HTN and DM. This finding suggests that benefits from living in more walkable neighborhoods may be offset by stronger negative associations with air pollution.

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