scholarly journals Various Types of Perceived Job Discrimination and Sleep Health Among Working Women: Findings From the Sister Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 189 (10) ◽  
pp. 1143-1153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soomi Lee ◽  
Anne-Marie Chang ◽  
Orfeu M Buxton ◽  
Chandra L Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Health Disparities ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Working Women ◽  
Sleep Health ◽  
Short Sleep ◽  
Job Discrimination ◽  
Insomnia Symptoms ◽  
New Onset

Abstract Job discrimination, a social stressor, may lead to sleep health disparities among workers; yet, limited research has examined this relationship and specific sources of job discrimination. We used a US sample of working women (n = 26,085), participants in the Sister Study (2008–2016), to examine the associations of perceived job discrimination due to sex, race, age, health conditions, and/or sexual orientation with sleep health. Cross-sectionally, linear or logistic regression models revealed that each source of job discrimination was independently associated with different sleep problems after controlling for other sources of job discrimination. Longitudinally, among participants without short sleep (<7 hours/night) at time 1 (2012–2014), age-specific job discrimination was associated with 21% increased odds of new-onset short sleep (odds ratio = 1.21, 95% confidence interval: 1.03, 1.43) at time 2 (2014–2016). Among those without insomnia symptoms at time 1, race-specific job discrimination was associated with 37% increased odds of new-onset insomnia symptoms (odds ratio = 1.37, 95% confidence interval: 1.07, 1.75) at time 2. Sex- and health-specific job discrimination also predicted new-onset sleepiness. There were dose-response relationships such that a greater number of sources of job discrimination (≥3) was associated with greater odds of prevalent and incident sleep problems. Perceived job discrimination may contribute to working women’s poor sleep health over time, raising concerns about sleep health disparities emanating from the workplace.

scholarly journals PERCEIVED JOB DISCRIMINATION AND SLEEP HEALTH AMONG WORKING WOMEN: FINDINGS FROM THE SISTER STUDY

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S778-S779 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soomi Lee ◽  
Anne-Marie Chang ◽  
Dale P Sandler ◽  
Orfeu M Buxton ◽  
Chandra L Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Health Disparities ◽  
Sleep Problem ◽  
Working Women ◽  
Dose Response Relationship ◽  
Sleep Health ◽  
Sleep Difficulty ◽  
Excessive Sleepiness ◽  
Job Discrimination ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
New Onset

Abstract Job discrimination is a social stressor that may lead to sleep health disparities in workers; however, limited research has examined the relationship, especially with specified sources of job discrimination. Using longitudinal data from the Sister Study, we tested the associations of perceived job discrimination (due to race, sex, age, and health conditions) with sleep health among working women (n=26,085). Among those without sleep difficulty at Time 1, race- and age-specific job discrimination was associated with increased odds of new onset sleep difficulty at Time 2. Moreover, among those without excessive sleepiness at Time 1, sex-, age-, and health-specific job discrimination predicted new onset of excessive sleepiness at Time 2. There was no association with sleep duration. We also found a dose-response relationship such that those who experienced job discrimination due to ≥3 reasons had greater odds of developing a sleep problem. Results suggest sleep health disparities emanating from the workplace.

scholarly journals Longitudinal associations of military-related factors on self-reported sleep among U.S. service members

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam D Cooper ◽  
Claire A Kolaja ◽  
Rachel R Markwald ◽  
Isabel G Jacobson ◽  
Evan D Chinoy
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Service Members ◽  
Short Sleep Duration ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Short Sleep ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Military ◽  
Insomnia Symptoms ◽  
Over Time ◽  
New Onset

Abstract Study Objectives Sleep loss is common in the military, which can negatively affect health and readiness; however, it is largely unknown how sleep varies over a military career. This study sought to examine the relationships between military-related factors and the new onset and reoccurrence of short sleep duration and insomnia symptoms. Methods Millennium Cohort Study data were used to track U.S. military service members over time to examine longitudinal changes in sleep. Outcomes were self-reported average sleep duration (categorized as ≤5 hours, 6 hours, or 7–9 hours [recommended]) and/or insomnia symptoms (having trouble falling or staying asleep). Associations between military-related factors and the new onset and reoccurrence of these sleep characteristics were determined, after controlling for multiple health and behavioral factors. Results Military-related factors consistently associated with an increased risk for new onset and/or reoccurrence of short sleep duration and insomnia symptoms included active duty component, Army or Marine Corps service, combat deployment, and longer than average deployment lengths. Military officers and noncombat deployers had decreased risk for either sleep characteristic. Time-in-service and separation from the military were complex factors; they lowered risk for ≤5 hours sleep but increased risk for insomnia symptoms. Conclusions Various military-related factors contribute to risk of short sleep duration and/or insomnia symptoms over time, although some factors affect these sleep characteristics differently. Also, even when these sleep characteristics remit, some military personnel have an increased risk of reoccurrence. Efforts to improve sleep prioritization and implement interventions targeting at-risk military populations, behaviors, and other significant factors are warranted.

Sleep Problems, Cumulative Risks, and Psychological Functioning in Early Childhood

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ariel A Williamson ◽  
Mattina Davenport ◽  
Olivia Cicalese ◽  
Jodi A Mindell
Keyword(s):  
Executive Functioning ◽  
Health Behaviors ◽  
Psychological Functioning ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Cumulative Risk ◽  
Risk Exposure ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Sleep Health ◽  
Cumulative Risks ◽  
Insomnia Symptoms

Abstract Background Sleep problems and cumulative risk factors (e.g., caregiver depression, socioeconomic disadvantage) have independently been linked to adverse child development, but few studies have examined the interplay of these factors. We examined whether cumulative risk exposure moderated the link between sleep problems, including insomnia and poor sleep health, and child psychological outcomes. Methods 205 caregiver-child dyads (child Mage = 3.3 years; 53.7% girls; 62.9% Black, 22.4% non-Latinx White, and 4.4% Latinx; 85.4% maternal caregiver reporter) completed child sleep, family sociodemographic, and child psychological functioning (internalizing, externalizing, and executive functioning) questionnaires. Indexes of cumulative risk exposure, insomnia symptoms, and poor sleep health were created. Results Ninety percent of children had ≥1 cumulative risks, 62.9% had ≥1 insomnia symptom, and 84.5% had ≥1 poor sleep health behavior. Increased insomnia symptoms were significantly associated with increased child internalizing, externalizing, and global executive functioning impairments controlling for child age, race/ethnicity, and sex. Poor sleep health behaviors were associated with internalizing concerns. Cumulative risk exposure was not associated with outcomes but moderated the association between insomnia symptoms and all psychological outcomes, such that children with higher cumulative risk exposure and insomnia symptoms had the greatest impairments. Children with the poorest sleep health behaviors and highest cumulative risks had the greatest internalizing concerns. Conclusions Insomnia symptoms in particular are associated with poor child outcomes, which are exacerbated when accompanied by greater cumulative risk exposure. Clinicians should assess sleep when treating early psychological concerns, especially within the context of increased cumulative risks.

scholarly journals 0366 Sleep Health Dimensions, Disturbances, and Disruptors Among White, Black, Hispanic/ Latina, and Asian Women

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A140-A140
Author(s):  
C L Jackson ◽  
S A Gaston ◽  
J McGrath ◽  
D P Sandler
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
White Women ◽  
Light Exposure ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Sleep Health ◽  
Short Sleep ◽  
Sleep Debt ◽  
Racial Ethnic ◽  
Insomnia Symptoms

Abstract Introduction Despite the importance of sleep for health promotion and disease prevention, data are limited regarding the distribution of multiple sleep health dimensions, disturbances, and disruptors among women, especially racial/ethnic minorities who disproportionately experience poor sleep. Methods To determine the prevalence of sleep health, disturbances, and disruptors (e.g., short sleep duration, sleep debt, insomnia symptoms, light exposure at night) overall and among Black, Hispanic/Latina, and Asian compared to White women, we used cross-sectional data collected by the Sister Study at enrollment (2003-2009) and two follow-ups (2012-2014, 2014-2016). Adjusting for sociodemographics, health behaviors, and health conditions including depression, we used Poisson regression with robust variance to estimate prevalence ratios (PRs) for unfavorable sleep among racial/ethnic minority compared to White women. Results Of the 49,874 eligible women (mean age ± standard deviation: 55.7 ± 9.0 years, 84.8% ≥high school education, 74.7% married) 85.3% were White, 9.0% Black, 5.1% Hispanic/Latina, and 0.7% Asian. Overall, 70% reported the recommended amount of sleep, 15.7% inconsistent weekly sleep patterns, 26% sleep debt, and 14% insomnia symptoms plus short sleep. Racial/ethnic minorities were much more likely than whites to report very short (≤5 hours) sleep (PRBlack)=5.98[95% Confidence Interval: 4.67-7.66]; PRLatina=2.83[1.98-4.04]; PRAsian=5.41[2.41-12.13] and to report needing <7 hours to feel their best (PRBlack=2.95[2.75-3.17]; PRLatina=1.85[1.65-2.07]; PRAsian=2.66[2.10-3.37]). Black and Hispanic/Latina women had a higher prevalence than whites of insomnia, short sleep plus insomnia, inconsistent sleep, sleep debt, and frequent napping; however, all racial/ethnic minorities were less likely to report daytime sleepiness (PRBlack=0.82[0.78-0.85]; PRLatina=0.94[0.89-0.98]; PRAsian=0.79[0.69-0.92]) and restless leg syndrome. Witnessed sleep apnea was higher among Black women, and REM sleep disorder did not differ across racial/ethnic groups. Sleeping with room lights or a television on was more prevalent among racial/ethnic minorities (PRBlack=1.78[1.71-1.86]; PRLatina=1.27[1.17-1.37]; PRAsian=1.62[1.32-1.99]). Conclusion Poor sleep health, disturbances, and disruptors were prevalent among women and varied across racial/ethnic groups in ways that may contribute to health disparities. Support This work was funded by the Intramural Program at the National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (Z1A ES103325-01 to (CLJ) and Z01 ES044005 to (DPS)).

scholarly journals Short Sleep Duration and Insomnia Symptoms were Associated with Lower Happiness Levels in Chinese Adults in Hong Kong

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. 2079 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheng Zhi Zhao ◽  
Man Ping Wang ◽  
Kasisomayajula Viswanath ◽  
Agnes Lai ◽  
Daniel Yee Tak Fong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Short Sleep Duration ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Short Sleep ◽  
Insomnia Symptoms

Study objective: To examine the association of sleep duration and insomnia symptoms with happiness. Methods: A random sample of 1691 Chinese adult (mean age 54 ± 20.1, male 51%) were interviewed in a population-based telephone survey. Happiness was measured by the subjective happiness scale (SHS) and the one-item global happiness index (GHI). Information on sleep included mean past seven-day sleep duration (<6 h, ≥6 to <8 h and ≥8 h) and insomnia symptoms: Difficulty in initiating sleep (DIS), difficulty in maintaining sleep (DMS), and early morning awakening (EMA). Adjusted beta-coefficient (β) of SHS and adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of GHI in relation to sleep problems were calculated. Interaction effects by age (18–65 vs. ≥65) and by sex were assessed. Results: Compared to ≥8 h of sleep, having <6 h of sleep had lower SHS (adjusted β −0.32, 95% CI −0.46 to −0.17) and GHI (aOR 0.54, 95% CI 0.38 to 0.78). The associations were stronger in younger adults and in women (p < 0.05). DIS, DMS, and EMA were associated with lower SHS (adjusted β ranged from −0.20 to −0.06) and GHI (aOR ranged from 0.57 to 0.89). Dose-response association between the number of insomnia symptoms and lower SHS was observed (p < 0.001). These associations were generally stronger in older adults and among women. Conclusions: Lower levels of happiness were observed, particularly in younger adults and females with short sleep duration and older adults and females with insomnia symptoms. Prospective studies are needed to confirm the findings and understand the mechanisms between sleep and happiness.

scholarly journals Sex differences in the association between self-reported sleep duration, insomnia symptoms and cardiometabolic risk factors: cross-sectional findings from from Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aline Silva-Costa ◽  
Lucia Rotenberg ◽  
Aline Araujo Nobre ◽  
Dora Chor ◽  
Estela Aquino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Glycated Hemoglobin ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽  
Adult Health ◽  
Short Sleep Duration ◽  
Short Sleep ◽  
Insomnia Symptoms

Abstract Background: The U-shaped associations between sleep durations and cardiometabolic risk factors (glycated hemoglobin levels, obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, hypertension and HDL-cholesterol levels) are still inconclusive. Moreover, as sleep is comprised of quantitative and qualitative aspects, exploring both insomnia symptoms and sleep duration are relevant when evaluating the potential effects of sleep problems on health. The aim was to evaluate sex-specific associations between sleep problems and cardiometabolic risk factors. Methods: This cross-sectional study used data from wave two of the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil), including 7,491 women and 6,232 men. Questionnaires were administered to provide information about socioeconomic conditions, lifestyle, and sleep characteristics. A 12-hour fasting blood sample was drawn to measure serum cholesterol, triglycerides, and glycated hemoglobin. Blood pressure, weight and height were also measured using standard equipment. Generalized additive models were used to evaluate the curve shape of the relationship between self-reported sleep duration and the outcomes. Logistic regression was performed to investigate the magnitude of the associations of self-reported sleep duration, insomnia symptoms, and short sleep plus insomnia symptoms with cardiometabolic risk factors. Results: For women, self-reported sleep duration and insomnia symptoms (either separately or linked to short sleep duration) were associated with obesity, hypertension and glycated hemoglobin after adjusting for the confounders. The magnitudes of the associations between self-reported short sleep duration plus insomnia symptoms and the outcomes were slightly increased, considering sleep duration or insomnia symptoms separately. For men, both long sleep duration and insomnia symptoms were associated with hypertriglyceridemia after adjusted for the confounders. Conclusion: These findings suggest possible sex-specific patterns, since obesity, hypertension and high glycated hemoglobin were associated with self-reported sleep duration and insomnia symptoms in women, but not in men, and reinforce the importance of considering quantitative and qualitative aspects of sleep for the prevention and management of the outcomes.

scholarly journals Associations of Education and Income With Secondhand Smoke Exposure Among Non-Smoking Pregnant Women in Japan: The Tohoku Medical Megabank Project Birth and Three-Generation Cohort Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keiko Murakami ◽  
Taku Obara ◽  
Mami Ishikuro ◽  
Fumihiko Ueno ◽  
Aoi Noda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Secondhand Smoke ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Working Women ◽  
Work Status ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Shs Exposure

Abstract Background: Associations of education and income with secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure have been well documented in the general population. However, evidence among non-smoking pregnant women is limited, including in Japan. The purpose of the study was to examine the associations of education and income with SHS exposure among non-smoking pregnant women in Japan.Methods: We analyzed data from 17815 non-smoking pregnant women in Japan who participated in the Tohoku Medical Megabank Project Birth and Three-Generation Cohort Study from 2013 to 2017. SHS exposure was defined as indoor exposure to someone else’s cigarette smoke ≥1 day/week during pregnancy. Multiple logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine whether pregnant women’s educational attainment or equivalent household income was associated with SHS exposure, adjusting for age, work status, smoking history, partners’ education, and income/education. Stratified analyses by work status were also conducted.Results: The prevalence of SHS exposure during pregnancy was 34.0%; 29.4% among non-working women and 37.1% among working women. Lower educational attainment was associated with an increased risk of SHS exposure; the odds ratio of high school education or lower compared with university education or higher was 1.78 (95% confidence interval, 1.59–1.99). Lower equivalent household income was associated with an increased risk of SHS exposure; the odds ratio of the lowest compared with the highest level of income was 1.67 (95% confidence interval, 1.51–1.84). These associations did not differ between non-working women and working women.Conclusions: Pregnant women with lower education and/or lower household income had higher risks of SHS exposure in Japan. These findings imply that educational interventions and financial incentives are needed for pregnant women and their household smokers in helping to reduce SHS exposure among non-smoking pregnant women.

Presence of Neck or Shoulder Pain Following Sport-Related Concussion Negatively Influences Recovery

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (7) ◽  
pp. 456-462
Author(s):  
Aaron J. Provance ◽  
David R. Howell ◽  
Morgan N. Potter ◽  
Pamela E. Wilson ◽  
Allison M. D’Lauro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Shoulder Pain ◽  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Adjusted Odds Ratio ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Return To Sport ◽  
Resolution Time ◽  
Symptom Resolution

Our objective was to examine the effect of current neck or shoulder pain on concussion outcomes. Variables included symptom resolution and return-to-sport time, symptom severity, amount of school missed, and sleep disturbances. Three hundred twelve patients (37% female; median age = 15.0 years; evaluated median = 9 days postinjury) reported experiencing current neck or shoulder pain at initial evaluation, and 268 did not (31% female; median age = 14.7 years; evaluated median = 8 days postinjury). Neck or shoulder pain was associated with longer symptom resolution time (β = 6.38, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.44, 10.31; P = .002), more severe symptoms (β = 7.06, 95% CI = 4.91, 9.21; P < .001), and greater odds of missing >5 days of school (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.89, 95% CI = 1.23, 2.93; P = .004), and postinjury sleep problems (aOR = 2.20, 95% CI = 1.51, 3.21; P < .001). Experiencing neck or shoulder pain during the initial postinjury clinical evaluation was associated with worsened clinical outcomes. Clinicians may consider referral to early rehabilitation following concussion among those who report neck or shoulder pain.

scholarly journals Sex differences in the association between self-reported sleep duration, insomnia symptoms and cardiometabolic risk factors: cross-sectional findings from ELSA-Brasil

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aline Silva-Costa ◽  
Lucia Rotenberg ◽  
Aline Araujo Nobre ◽  
Dora Chor ◽  
Estela Aquino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Glycated Hemoglobin ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽  
Short Sleep Duration ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Short Sleep ◽  
Insomnia Symptoms

Abstract Background: The U-shaped associations between sleep durations and cardiometabolic risk factors (glycated hemoglobin levels, obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, hypertension and HDL-Cholesterol levels) are still inconclusive. Moreover, as sleep is comprised of quantitative and qualitative aspects, exploring both insomnia symptoms and sleep duration are relevant when evaluating the potential effects of sleep problems on health. The aim was to evaluate sex-specific associations between sleep problems and cardiometabolic risk factors. Methods: This cross-sectional study used data from wave two of the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil), including 7,491 women and 6,232 men. Questionnaires were administered to provide information about socioeconomic conditions, lifestyle, and sleep characteristics. A 12-hour fasting blood sample was drawn to measure serum cholesterol, triglycerides, and glycated hemoglobin. Blood pressure, weight and height were also measured using standard equipment. Generalized additive models were used to evaluate the curve shape of the relationship between self-reported sleep duration and the outcomes. Logistic regression was performed to investigate the magnitude of the associations of self-reported sleep duration, insomnia symptoms, and short sleep plus insomnia symptoms with cardiometabolic risk factors. Results: For women, self-reported sleep duration and insomnia symptoms (either separately or linked to short sleep duration) were associated with obesity, hypertension and glycated hemoglobin after adjusting for the confounders. The magnitudes of the associations between self-reported short sleep duration plus insomnia symptoms and the outcomes were slightly increased, considering sleep duration or insomnia symptoms separately. For men, both long sleep duration and insomnia symptoms were associated with hypertriglyceridemia after adjusted for the confounders. Conclusion: These findings suggest possible sex-specific patterns, since obesity, hypertension and high glycated hemoglobin were associated with self-reported sleep duration and insomnia symptoms in women, but not in men, and reinforce the importance of considering quantitative and qualitative aspects of sleep for the prevention and management of the outcomes.

New-Onset Rhinitis Symptoms Among Hospitalized Patients: Are Flowers a Culprit?

2001 ◽  
Vol 22 (02) ◽  
pp. 111-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farrin A. Manian
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
New Onset

Abstract New-onset rhinitis symptoms following admission to the hospital were reported by 12.7% of surveyed patients. Presence of flower arrangements in the proximity of patients' beds was highly associated with the development of new rhinitis (odds ratio, 9.7; 95% confidence interval, 4.3-21.7), or what may be more aptly referred to as “florocomial” rhinitis.

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