scholarly journals Invited Commentary: The Epidemiology of Electronic Cigarettes and Reproductive Health Begins

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A Savitz
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Electronic Cigarette ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Full Spectrum ◽  
Extensive Documentation ◽  
Exposure Profile ◽  
Individual Decisions ◽  
Complex Subject

Abstract Harlow et al. (Am J Epidemiol. 2020;000(00):000–000) are among the first to tackle the complex subject of electronic cigarette use and reproductive health, focused on fecundity but pertinent to the full spectrum of reproductive health concerns. Despite extensive documentation of the health harm from tobacco use and a shared exposure to nicotine, electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) users have a markedly different exposure profile. Because e-cigarettes might help to curtail or eliminate tobacco smoking, the health comparisons of interest for e-cigarettes should include cigarette smoking as well as no use of such products. These researchers confront significant methodological challenges in the study of reproductive health effects of e-cigarettes: addressing confounding with little information on the characteristics of e-cigarette users, a complex connection between e-cigarette and tobacco use, multiple and poorly understood exposure to e-cigarette vapors, and lack of a standard method for quantifying exposure. Evidence is urgently needed to inform regulation and individual decisions regarding the use of this potentially harmful product that might well entice new users of nicotine, some of whom progress to tobacco use, but that also has the potential to enable otherwise recalcitrant smokers to substitute a less harmful product.

scholarly journals Cross-Sectional Association of Lifetime Electronic Cigarette Use with Wheezing and Related Respiratory Symptoms in U.S. Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S85-S92
Author(s):  
Dongmei Li ◽  
Zidian Xie
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Respiratory Symptoms ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Electronic Cigarette ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
The Past ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Cross

Abstract Introduction Electronic cigarette use (vaping) has been found to be associated with respiratory symptoms like wheezing or whistling in the chest. Whether or not lifetime vaping occurrences are associated with wheezing has not yet been investigated. Methods Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study Wave 4 data with 22,233 adults collected from December 2016 to January 2018 were used. The cross-sectional association of lifetime vaping occurrences with wheezing and related respiratory symptoms was examined using multivariable weighted logistic regression models considering the complex sampling design. Results According to the weighted PATH Wave 4 data, about 89.9% adults never vaped, 3.2% adults vaped one time, 3.2% vaped 2–10 times, 1.3% vaped 11–20 times, 1.1% vaped 21–50 times, 0.4% vaped 51–99 times, and 0.9% vaped 100 or more times in their entire life. Compared to adults who never vaped, adults who vaped 2–10 times had a significantly higher association with ever wheezing (aOR = 1.4, 95% CI: 1.1 to 1.6), past 12-month wheezing (aOR = 1.5, 95% CI: 1.2 to 1.9) and the number of wheezing attacks in the past 12 months (aOR = 1.5, 95% CI: 1.2 to 1.8). Adults who vaped 11–20 times and 100 or more times had similar associations with wheezing as that for adults who vaped 2–10 times. Controlling other tobacco use attenuated the associations. Conclusions Lifetime vaping occurrences were found to be associated with some definitions of self-reported wheezing in cross-sectional analyses adjusted for other tobacco use. Implications Using the cross-sectional PATH Wave 4 data with 22,233 adults, we found significant associations between lifetime vaping occurrences and ever wheezing or whistling in the chest, past 12 months wheezing or whistling in the chest, as well as the number of wheezing attacks in the past 12 months. The study results suggest that larger studies with more precise time frames and measures are needed to further understand possible connections between vaping experimentation and wheezing symptoms that could inform our understanding of the health effects of electronic cigarettes and resultant policy decisions.

scholarly journals Polytobacco use among a nationally-representative sample of black high school students

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamika D. Gilreath ◽  
Derek T. Dangerfield ◽  
Francisco A. Montiel Ishino ◽  
Ashley V. Hill ◽  
Renee M. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
High School Students ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Black Adolescents ◽  
Marijuana Use ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Chewing Tobacco ◽  
Targeted Interventions

Abstract Background Studies of the patterns of polytobacco use have increased. However, understanding the patterns of using multiple tobacco products among Black adolescents is minimal. This study identified the patterns of polytobacco use among U.S. Black adolescents. Methods Latent class analysis (LCA) was used to identify patterns of adolescent polytobacco use among a representative sample of Black youth from the 2017 Youth Risk Behavior Survey (n = 2782). Ever and recent (past 30 day) use of cigarettes, electronic cigarettes, cigars, and dip or chewing tobacco were used as latent class indicators. Multinomial regression was conducted to identify the association if smoking adjusting for sex, age, grade, and marijuana use. Results Most students were in the 9th grade (29%), e-cigarette users (21%) and were current marijuana users (25%). Three profiles of tobacco use were identified: Class 1: Non-smokers (81%), Class 2: E-cigarette Users (14%), and Class 3: Polytobacco Users (5%). Black adolescent Polytobacco users were the smallest class, but had the highest conditional probabilities of recent cigarette use, e-cigarette use, ever smoking cigars or chewing tobacco. Ever and current use of marijuana were associated with increased odds of being in the e-cigarette user versus non-smoker group, and current marijuana use was associated with increased odds of polytobacco use (aOR = 24.61, CI = 6.95–87.11). Conclusions Findings suggests the need for targeted interventions for reducing tobacco use and examining the unique effects of polytobacco use on Black adolescents. Findings confirm a significant association of marijuana use with tobacco use.

scholarly journals Electronic cigarette use intensity measurement challenges and regulatory implications

2021 ◽  
pp. tobaccocontrol-2021-056483
Author(s):  
Eric Soule ◽  
Maansi Bansal-Travers ◽  
Rachel Grana ◽  
Scott McIntosh ◽  
Simani Price ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Use ◽  
User Behavior ◽  
Unintended Consequences ◽  
Electronic Cigarette ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Intensity Measures ◽  
Nicotine Concentration ◽  
Regulatory Policies ◽  
Answering Questions

Assessing tobacco use intensity allows researchers to examine tobacco use in greater detail than assessing ever or current use only. Tobacco use intensity measures have been developed that are specific to tobacco products, such as asking smokers to report number of cigarettes smoked per day. However, consensus on electronic cigarette use intensity measures that can be used for survey research has yet to be established due to electronic cigarette product and user behavior heterogeneity. While some survey measures that attempt to assess electronic cigarette use intensity exist, such as examining number of ‘times’ using an electronic cigarette per day, number of puffs taken from an electronic cigarette per day, volume of electronic cigarette liquid consumed per day, or nicotine concentration of electronic cigarette liquid, most measures have limitations. Challenges in electronic cigarette measurement often stem from variations across electronic cigarette device and liquid characteristics as well as the difficulty that many electronic cigarette users have regarding answering questions about their electronic cigarette device, liquid, or behavior. The inability for researchers to measure electronic cigarette use intensity accurately has important implications such as failing to detect unintended consequences of regulatory policies. Development of electronic cigarette use intensity measures, though not without its challenges, can improve understanding of electronic cigarette use behaviors and associated health outcomes and inform development of regulatory policies.

scholarly journals Polytobacco Use Among a Nationally-Representative Sample of Black Adolescents 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamika D. Gilreath ◽  
Derek T. Dangerfield ◽  
Francisco A. Montiel Ishino ◽  
Ashley V. Hill ◽  
Renee M. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Black Adolescents ◽  
Marijuana Use ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Multinomial Regression ◽  
Chewing Tobacco ◽  
Targeted Interventions

Abstract Introduction. Studies of the patterns of polytobacco use have increased. However, understanding the patterns of using multiple tobacco products among Black adolescents is minimal. This study identified the patterns of polytobacco use among U.S. Black adolescents. Methods. Latent class analysis (LCA) was used to identify patterns of adolescent polytobacco use among a representative sample of Black youth from the 2017 Youth Risk Behavior Survey (n=2,782). Ever and recent (past 30 day) use of cigarettes, electronic cigarettes, cigars, and dip or chewing tobacco were used as latent class indicators. Multinomial regression was conducted to identify the association if smoking adjusting for sex, age, grade, and marijuana use.Results. Most students were in the 9th grade (29%), e-cigarette users (21%) and were current marijuana users (25%). Three profiles of tobacco use were identified: Class 1: Non-smokers (81%), Class 2: E-cigarette Users (14%), and Class 3: Polytobacco Users (5%). Black adolescent Polytobacco users were the smallest class, but had the highest conditional probabilities of recent cigarette use, e-cigarette use, ever smoking cigars or chewing tobacco. Ever and current use of marijuana were associated with increased odds of being in the e-cigarette user versus non-smoker group, and current marijuana use was associated with increased odds of polytobacco use (aOR=24.61, CI=6.95-87.11). Conclusions. Findings suggests the need for targeted interventions for reducing tobacco use and examining the unique effects of polytobacco use on Black adolescents. Findings confirm a significant association of marijuana use with tobacco use.

Socioeconomic Disparities in Electronic Cigarette Use and Transitions from Smoking

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 1363-1370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abigail S Friedman ◽  
Samantha J L Horn
Keyword(s):  
Household Income ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Electronic Cigarette ◽  
Socioeconomic Disparities ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Dual Use ◽  
Representative Data ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Nationally Representative

Abstract Introduction Socioeconomic disparities have been established for conventional cigarette use, but not for electronic cigarettes. This study estimates socioeconomic gradients in exclusive use of conventional cigarettes, electronic cigarettes, and dual use (ie, use of both products) among adults in the United States. Methods Analyses consider nationally representative data on 25- to 54-year-old respondents to the 2014–2016 National Health Interview Surveys (N = 50306). Demographically adjusted seemingly unrelated regression models estimate how two socioeconomic status measures—respondent education and household income—relate to current exclusive use of conventional cigarettes, electronic cigarettes, and dual use. Results Conventional cigarette use exhibits negative education and income gradients, consistent with existing research: −12.9 percentage points (confidence interval [CI]: −14.0, −11.8) if college educated, and −9.5 percentage points (CI: −10.9, −8.1) if household income exceeds 400% of the federal poverty level. These gradients are flatter for dual use (−1.4 [CI: −1.8, −0.9] and −1.9 [CI: −2.5, −1.2]), and statistically insignificant for electronic cigarette use (−0.03 [CI: −0.5, 0.4] and −0.3 [CI: −0.8, −0.2]). Limiting the sample to ever-smokers, higher education is associated with a 0.9 percentage point increase in likelihood of exclusive electronic cigarette use at interview (CI: 0.0, 1.9). Conclusions Education and income gradients in exclusive electronic cigarette use are small and statistically insignificant, contrasting with strong negative gradients in exclusive conventional cigarette use. Furthermore, more educated smokers are more likely to switch to exclusive e-cigarette use than less educated smokers. Such differential switching may exacerbate socioeconomic disparities in smoking-related morbidity and mortality, but lower the burden of tobacco-related disease. Implications Research has not yet established whether socioeconomic disparities in electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use resemble those observed for conventional cigarettes. This article uses nationally representative data on US adults aged 25–54 to estimate income and education gradients in exclusive use of conventional cigarettes, e-cigarettes, and dual use. Both gradients are steep and negative for conventional cigarette use, but flat and statistically insignificant for e-cigarette use. Repeating the analysis among ever-smokers indicates that more educated smokers are more likely to transition toward exclusive e-cigarette use than less educated smokers. Such differential substitution may exacerbate disparities in smoking-related morbidity and mortality.

Secondhand smoke from electronic cigarette resulting in hypersensitivity pneumonitis

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. e233381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Panagis Galiatsatos ◽  
Erin Gomez ◽  
Cheng Ting Lin ◽  
Peter B Illei ◽  
Pali Shah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Injury ◽  
Secondhand Smoke ◽  
Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Electronic Cigarette ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Diagnostic Investigation ◽  
Health Related ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Exposure To Secondhand Smoke

Cases of vaping-induced lung injury have increased in the USA, resulting in a heterogeneous collection of pneumonitis patterns in persons who used electronic cigarettes. Hypersensitivity pneumonitis has been documented in several cases of first-hand electronic cigarette use; however, secondhand smoke health-related consequences have not been fully understood. We present a case of the patient who developed hypersensitivity pneumonitis secondary to exposure to secondhand smoke from electronic cigarette. We summarise the presentation and diagnostic investigation, as well as the management of this case.

Nicotine and Cotinine Levels With Electronic Cigarette

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Marsot ◽  
N. Simon
Keyword(s):  
Peak Concentration ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Electronic Cigarette ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Quit Smoking ◽  
Tobacco Cigarette ◽  
Nicotine Delivery ◽  
Pubmed Database ◽  
Urge To Smoke ◽  
Reasons For Use

Background: Since their introduction in 2004, electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) have gained popularity worldwide. E-cigarettes are marketed as nicotine delivery devices. Commonly reported reasons for use include to quit smoking, to reduce urge to smoke, or the perceived lower risk alternative to smoking. But what are the actual amounts of nicotine delivered? Aim: This review summarizes all the published studies concerning nicotine or cotinine levels following e-cigarette use. Methods: A literature search was conducted from the PubMed database, from 1985 to January 2014, using the following terms: electronic cigarette(s), e-cigarette(s), electronic nicotine delivery system, cotinine, and nicotine. Articles were excluded if they were not pertinent according to our criteria. References of all relevant articles were also evaluated. Results: Eight studies were included in this review. The following information was extracted from the articles: population size, age of participants, recruitment, inclusion and exclusion criteria, concentration of nicotine in refills liquids, study sample design, and observed concentrations. Following design of studies, plasma nicotine Cmax was observed between 0 and 5 ng/mL (no significant changes) or between 13.9 and 16.3 ng/mL (similar to a tobacco cigarette) with a Tmax between 70 and 75 minutes. Cotinine levels after “vaping” an e-cigarette are similar to a tobacco cigarette. Conclusion: This review summarizes e-cigarette studies that contain information on nicotine or cotinine levels. The peak concentration of nicotine appears to be dependent on the use and dose level of e-cigarette cartridge. The value of this peak concentration is similar to the value found with a tobacco cigarette. However, the time corresponding to the peak concentration is delayed compared to a tobacco cigarette.

Abstract 16001: Recurrent Vasospastic Angina Caused by Electronic Cigarette Usage

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (Suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Wopperer ◽  
Lowell Safren ◽  
Ravi Masson ◽  
Awais Malik ◽  
Christopher Barnett
Keyword(s):  
Chest Pain ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Electronic Cigarette ◽  
Vasospastic Angina ◽  
Left Shoulder ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Atypical Chest Pain ◽  
Microvascular Angina ◽  
St Segment ◽  
Patient Reported

Introduction: A 45 year old female with a past medical history significant for tobacco use disorder presented for evaluation of substernal pressure with radiation to the left shoulder, nausea, and dizziness. There was no associated shortness of breath, diaphoresis, or palpitations. Her symptoms were not associated with exertion. Hypothesis: The differential diagnosis for this atypical chest pain included unstable angina, microvascular angina, vasospastic angina, Takotsubo syndrome, and anxiety. Methods: An ECG revealed ST-segment elevations in the inferior leads, and an emergent coronary angiography demonstrated no significant atherosclerotic disease. However, her right coronary artery was found to be in vasospasm. Nitroglycerin was administered and relieved her chest pain, and her ECG changes returned to baseline after the episode. This fulfilled COVADIS criteria, and a diagnosis of vasospastic angina was made. Results: The patient was treated with nitroglycerin and a calcium channel blocker. She stopped smoking cigarettes and symptoms did not recur. Five years later, the patient again presented with similar symptoms. She reported that she had recently started smoking electronic cigarettes. The patient was counseled to stop using electronic cigarettes. One month later, the patient reported no further episodes of chest pain. Conclusions: We report a case of vasospastic angina caused by electronic cigarette use. Cardiac toxicity from electronic cigarettes is believed to result from exposure to nicotine as well as other chemicals including synthetic vitamin E, aldehydes, and metals present in electronic cigarettes. Though the concentration of nicotine in the blood of electronic cigarette users is highly variable, some reports describe levels comparable to or higher than those in patients who use paper cigarettes. In this patient, cessation of electronic cigarette smoking was effective in eliminating symptoms of vasospastic angina.

Electronic cigarette use among Italian smokers: patterns, settings, and adverse events

2020 ◽  
Vol 106 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-240
Author(s):  
Silvano Gallus ◽  
Elisa Borroni ◽  
Xiaoqiu Liu ◽  
Laura Carrozzi ◽  
Gianfranco Dalla Pietra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Events ◽  
Indoor Environment ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Electronic Cigarette ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Cigarette Smokers ◽  
Smoking Cessation Services ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Vape Shops

Objective: Information is scanty on the patterns and settings of electronic cigarette use and on its possible adverse events. To fill the knowledge gap on these issues, we conducted a survey among ever-smokers attending smoking cessation services (SCS) in Italy. Methods: In 2016–2018, we enrolled 395 ever-smokers aged ⩾18 years who were current or former electronic cigarette users in 12 SCS from northern, central, and southern Italy. Results: In all, 12.4% of ever smokers were regular, 9.4% occasional, and 78.2% past users of electronic cigarettes. Of all users, 93.8% consumed electronic cigarettes with nicotine, 95.9% used refillable devices, and 76.6% purchased electronic cigarette devices or liquids in vape shops. The mean duration of use was 3.7 months and the mean number of puffs per day was 86. Among users, 71.5% used electronic cigarettes in at least 1 smoke-free indoor environment, 53.7% in workplaces, 49.5% in restaurants and bars, 33.5% in train/metro stations or airports, and 18.4% in public transports. The use of electronic cigarettes in smoke-free environments significantly decreased with age and increased with duration of use and nicotine dependence. In our sample, 47.1% reported at least 1 adverse event attributable to electronic cigarette use: 19.5% dry cough, 12.0% dry mouth, 7.6% throat or mouth irritation, and 6.8% sore throat. Conclusion: In Italy, most conventional cigarette smokers use electronic cigarettes where smoking conventional cigarettes is prohibited. About half of users reported 1 or more symptoms attributable to electronic cigarettes, despite the relatively short duration of use.

Lipid profiles in users of combustible and electronic cigarettes

2021 ◽  
pp. 1358863X2110093
Author(s):  
Sana Majid ◽  
Rachel J Keith ◽  
Jessica L Fetterman ◽  
Robert M. Weisbrod ◽  
Jessica Nystoriak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Lipid Profiles ◽  
Electronic Cigarette ◽  
Cardiometabolic Health ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Glucose Levels

Electronic cigarette use has especially risen among adolescents and young adults. The aim of this study was to investigate fasting blood glucose and lipid profiles in chronic combustible cigarette and electronic cigarette users. We evaluated participants aged 21 to 45 ( n = 525, mean age 31 ± 7 years, 45% women) without established cardiovascular disease or risk factors who were combustible cigarette users ( n = 290), electronic cigarette users ( n = 131; 65 sole users and 66 dual users), or never users ( n = 104). In the first wave of enrollment (2014–2017), electronic cigarette users reported their products as first, second and third generation devices (e-cig users) and were all largely current (i.e. dual) or former (sole) combustible cigarette users, whereas in the second wave of enrollment (2019–2020), electronic cigarette users all reported pod-based device use (pod users) and included more sole users who were never smokers. In multivariable-adjusted analyses comparing to never users, both sole e-cig users and combustible cigarette users had higher glucose and triglycerides and lower high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels. Dual e-cig users showed higher triglycerides and very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and lower HDL cholesterol compared to never users. In contrast, pod users (both sole and dual) had lipid profiles and glucose levels similar to never users. Overall, users of early generation electronic cigarettes display adverse metabolic profiles. In contrast, pod-based electronic cigarette users have similar lipid profiles to never users. Future studies are needed to understand the cumulative effects of electronic cigarette use on cardiometabolic health.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document