scholarly journals Florida’s Opioid Crackdown and Mortality From Drug Overdose, Motor Vehicle Crashes, and Suicide: A Bayesian Interrupted Time-Series Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 189 (9) ◽  
pp. 885-893
Author(s):  
Kenneth A Feder ◽  
Ramin Mojtabai ◽  
Elizabeth A Stuart ◽  
Rashelle Musci ◽  
Elizabeth J Letourneau
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Drug Overdose ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Interrupted Time Series ◽  
Credible Interval ◽  
Motor Vehicle Crash ◽  
Motor Vehicle Crashes ◽  
Structural Time Series ◽  
Vehicle Crash ◽  
Overdose Deaths

Abstract In 2011, Florida established a prescription drug monitoring program and adopted new regulations for independent pain-management clinics. We examined the association of those reforms with drug overdose deaths and other injury fatalities. Florida’s postreform monthly mortality rates—for drug-involved deaths, motor vehicle crashes, and suicide by means other than poisoning—were compared with a counterfactual estimate of what those rates would have been absent reform. The counterfactual was estimated using a Bayesian structural time-series model based on mortality trends in similar states. By December 2013, drug overdose deaths were down 17% (95% credible interval: −21, −12), motor vehicle crash deaths were down 9% (95% credible interval: −14, −4), and suicide deaths were unchanged compared with what would be expected in the absence of reform. Florida’s opioid prescribing reform substantially reduced drug overdose deaths. Reforms may also have reduced motor vehicle crash deaths but were not associated with a change in suicides. More research is needed to understand these patterns. Bayesian structural time-series modeling is a promising new approach to interrupted time-series studies.

scholarly journals Increased motor vehicle crashes following the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake, Japan: an interrupted time series analysis of property damage crashes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takuya Maruyama ◽  
Kazutake Taguchi
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Interrupted Time Series ◽  
Motor Vehicle Crashes ◽  
Vehicle Crashes ◽  
2016 Kumamoto Earthquake ◽  
Interrupted Time Series Analysis ◽  
Property Damage ◽  
Affected Area ◽  
The 2016 Kumamoto Earthquake

AbstractDriving after natural disasters entails a substantial amount of stress; therefore, the number of motor vehicle crashes may increase. However, few studies have examined this issue. This study investigated motor vehicle crashes after the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake in Japan. Monthly data about crashes resulting in property damage from 49 municipalities in Kumamoto from 2015 to 2018 were used. An interrupted time series analysis using Poisson or negative binomial regression models was conducted for 49 municipalities; the models were estimated for four classified areas to obtain the robust results. We found that property damage crashes increased significantly in the heavily affected area (Relative Risk (RR) = 1.48, 95% Confidence interval (CI): 1.29, 1.71) and the affected area (RR = 1.25, 95% CI: 1.15, 1.36) after the earthquake. A mountainous area showed a reduction in property damage crashes despite its heavy damage (RR = 0.74, 95% CI: 0.67, 0.82), which can be attributed to the closure of its main gate routes. The unaffected area showed no difference before and after the earthquake. Geographical presentation of the result demonstrates a clear positive association of earthquake damage and increased crashes. The findings of this study highlight the importance of motor-vehicle-crash alerts after an earthquake.

scholarly journals Ridesharing and Motor Vehicle Crashes in 4 US Cities: An Interrupted Time-Series Analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 187 (2) ◽  
pp. 224-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher N Morrison ◽  
Sara F Jacoby ◽  
Beidi Dong ◽  
M Kit Delgado ◽  
Douglas J Wiebe
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Time Series Analysis ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Interrupted Time Series ◽  
Motor Vehicle Crashes ◽  
Vehicle Crashes ◽  
Interrupted Time Series Analysis ◽  
Series Analysis ◽  
Us Cities

scholarly journals Motor Vehicle Crash (MVC) Case Definitions and How They Impact MVC Surveillance

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer L. Jones ◽  
Dennis M. Falls ◽  
Clifton A. Barnett ◽  
Amy Ising ◽  
Anna E. Waller
Keyword(s):  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Case Definition ◽  
Chief Complaint ◽  
Injury Surveillance ◽  
Motor Vehicle Crash ◽  
Motor Vehicle Crashes ◽  
Case Definitions ◽  
Vehicle Crash ◽  
Ed Visits ◽  
The U.S

Motor vehicle crashes (MVCs) are one of the leading causes of injury in the U.S. National injury surveillance is commonly captured using E-codes. However, use of E-codes alone to capture MVC-related ED visits may result in a different picture of MVC injuries compared to using text searches of triage or chief complaint notes. In this study, we identify and describe how the case definition used to identify MVC patients can impact results when conducting MVC surveillance. We compare MVC patients identified using E-codes, text searches, or both criteria together. We found that choice of case definition impacts the picture of MVC severity.

Attribution of injury to alcohol involvement in young adults seriously injured in alcohol-related motor vehicle crashes

2000 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
MS Sommers ◽  
JM Dyehouse ◽  
SR Howe ◽  
J Lemmink ◽  
K Davis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Motor Vehicle Crash ◽  
Motor Vehicle Crashes ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Vehicle Crashes ◽  
Vehicle Crash ◽  
Alcohol Involvement ◽  
Serious Injury ◽  
Alcohol Dependent

BACKGROUND: Approximately 40% of all traffic fatalities are associated with the use of alcohol. Hospitalization for serious injury after a motor vehicle crash related to use of alcohol may be an opportunity to change drinking behaviors in non-alcohol-dependent drinkers, thereby reducing the risk for future disability and death. OBJECTIVES: To determine the degree to which non-alcohol-dependent adults aged 18 to 45 years with alcohol-related vehicular trauma attributed their injury to use of alcohol. METHODS: During hospitalization, 132 subjects involved in alcohol-related motor vehicle crashes were interviewed. The interviews included the question, "To what extent do you believe your alcohol consumption was responsible for this injury?" Responses were measured on a 7-point scale ranging from 1 (not at all) to 7 (totally). RESULTS: In response to the question about attribution of injury to alcohol, 37.8% of subjects responded "not at all," 24.3 responded "somewhat," and 37.9% responded "mostly" or "totally." Spearman rank correlation between attribution of injury to alcohol involvement and blood alcohol content at admission was r = 0.440 (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: More than 60% of patients injured in alcohol-related motor vehicle crashes attributed their injury partly or totally to use of alcohol. When alcohol-free, hospitalized patients with higher blood levels of alcohol on admission were more likely than those with lower levels to attribute their injury to alcohol. Hospitalization for a motor vehicle crash related to use of alcohol provides an opportunity for interventions to decrease drinking.

Experimental Application of Global Positioning system To Locate Motor Vehicle Crashes: Impact on Time and Accuracy

1998 ◽  
Vol 1625 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
John S. Miller ◽  
Duane Karr
Keyword(s):  
Global Positioning System ◽  
Human Error ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Motor Vehicle Crash ◽  
Positioning System ◽  
Gps Receivers ◽  
Crash Data ◽  
Vehicle Crash ◽  
Global Positioning ◽  
Conventional Methods

Motor vehicle crash countermeasures often are selected after an extensive data analysis of the crash history of a roadway segment. The value of this analysis depends on the accuracy or precision with which the crash itself is located. yet this crash location only is as accurate as the estimate of the police officer. Global Positioning System (GPS) technology may have the potential to increase data accuracy and decrease the time spent to record crash locations. Over 10 months, 32 motor vehicle crash locations were determined by using both conventional methods and hand-held GPS receivers, and the timeliness and precision of the methods were compared. Local crash data analysts were asked how the improved precision affected their consideration of potential crash countermeasures with regard to five crashes selected from the sample. On average, measuring a crash location by using GPS receivers added up to 10 extra minutes, depending on the definition of the crash location, the technology employed, and how that technology was applied. The average difference between conventional methods of measuring the crash location and either GPS or a wheel ranged from 5 m (16 ft) to 39 m (130 ft), depending on how one defined the crash location. Although there are instances in which improved precision will affect the evaluation of crash countermeasures, survey respondents and the literature suggest that problems with conventional crash location methods often arise from human error, not a lack of precision inherent in the technology employed.

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