A Plant‐Level, Spatial, Bioeconomic Model of Plant Disease Diffusion and Control: Grapevine Leafroll Disease

2014 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 199-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shady S. Atallah ◽  
Miguel I. Gómez ◽  
Jon M. Conrad ◽  
Jan P. Nyrop
Keyword(s):  
Plant Disease ◽  
Bioeconomic Model ◽  
Grapevine Leafroll Disease ◽  
Leafroll Disease ◽  
Plant Level ◽  
Disease Diffusion ◽  
And Control

scholarly journals Mealybug Transmission of Grapevine Leafroll Viruses: An Analysis of Virus–Vector Specificity

2010 ◽  
Vol 100 (8) ◽  
pp. 830-834 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chi-Wei Tsai ◽  
Adib Rowhani ◽  
Deborah A. Golino ◽  
Kent M. Daane ◽  
Rodrigo P. P. Almeida
Keyword(s):  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Virus Vector ◽  
Disease Spread ◽  
Virus Species ◽  
Vector Species ◽  
Vector Transmission ◽  
Planococcus Ficus ◽  
Grapevine Leafroll Disease ◽  
Leafroll Disease

To understand ecological factors mediating the spread of insect-borne plant pathogens, vector species for these pathogens need to be identified. Grapevine leafroll disease is caused by a complex of phylogenetically related closteroviruses, some of which are transmitted by insect vectors; however, the specificities of these complex virus–vector interactions are poorly understood thus far. Through biological assays and phylogenetic analyses, we studied the role of vector-pathogen specificity in the transmission of several grapevine leafroll-associated viruses (GLRaVs) by their mealybug vectors. Using plants with multiple virus infections, several virus species were screened for vector transmission by the mealybug species Planococcus ficus and Pseudococcus longispinus. We report that two GLRaVs (-4 and -9), for which no vector transmission evidence was available, are mealybug-borne. The analyses performed indicated no evidence of mealybug–GLRaV specificity; for example, different vector species transmitted GLRaV-3 and one vector species, Planococcus ficus, transmitted five GLRaVs. Based on available data, there is no compelling evidence of vector–virus specificity in the mealybug transmission of GLRaVs. However, more studies aimed at increasing the number of mealybug species tested as vectors of different GLRaVs are necessary. This is especially important given the increasing importance of grapevine leafroll disease spread by mealybugs in vineyards worldwide.

scholarly journals Autophagy Controls Sulphur Metabolism in the Rosette Leaves of Arabidopsis and Facilitates S Remobilization to the Seeds

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aurélia Lornac ◽  
Marien Havé ◽  
Fabien Chardon ◽  
Fabienne Soulay ◽  
Gilles Clément ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Recycling ◽  
Industrial Plants ◽  
Sulphur Nutrition ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Acid Accumulation ◽  
Salicylic Acid Accumulation ◽  
Plant Level ◽  
And Control ◽  
S Deposition

Sulphur deficiency in crops became an agricultural concern several decades ago, due to the decrease of S deposition and the atmospheric sulphur dioxide emissions released by industrial plants. Autophagy, which is a conserved mechanism for nutrient recycling in eukaryotes, is involved in nitrogen, iron, zinc and manganese remobilizations from the rosette to the seeds in Arabidopsis thaliana. Here, we have compared the role of autophagy in sulphur and nitrogen management at the whole plant level, performing concurrent labelling with 34S and 15N isotopes on atg5 mutants and control lines. We show that both 34S and 15N remobilizations from the rosette to the seeds are impaired in the atg5 mutants irrespective of salicylic acid accumulation and of sulphur nutrition. The comparison in each genotype of the partitions of 15N and 34S in the seeds (as % of the whole plant) indicates that the remobilization of 34S to the seeds was twice more efficient than that of 15N in both autophagy mutants and control lines under high S conditions, and also in control lines under low S conditions. This was different in the autophagy mutants grown under low S conditions. Under low S, the partition of 34S to their seeds was indeed not twice as high but similar to that of 15N. Such discrepancy shows that when sulphate availability is scarce, autophagy mutants display stronger defects for 34S remobilization relative to 15N remobilization than under high S conditions. It suggests, moreover, that autophagy mainly affects the transport of N-poor S-containing molecules and possibly sulphate.

Potato Agriculture, Late Blight Science, and the Molecularization of Plant Pathology

2008 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Steven Turner
Keyword(s):  
Biological Sciences ◽  
Plant Pathology ◽  
Late Blight ◽  
Plant Disease ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Biological Science ◽  
Research Front ◽  
Causal Organism ◽  
And Control ◽  
Integrated Study

By the mid-1980s nucleic-acid based methods were penetrating the farthest reaches of biological science, triggering rivalries among practitioners, altering relationships among subfields, and transforming the research front. This article delivers a "bottom up" analysis of that transformation at work in one important area of biological science, plant pathology, by tracing the "molecularization" of efforts to understand and control one notorious plant disease——the late blight of potatoes. It mobilizes the research literature of late blight science as a tool through which to trace the changing typography of the research front from 1983 to 2003. During these years molecularization intensified the traditional fragmentation of the late blight research community, even as it dramatically integrated study of the causal organism into broader areas of biology. In these decades the pathogen responsible for late blight, the oomycete Phytophthora infestans, was discovered to be undergoing massive, frightening, and still largely unexplained genetic diversification——a circumstance that lends the episode examined here an urgency that reinforces its historiographical significance as a casestudy in the molecularization of the biological sciences.

scholarly journals Transmission of Grapevine Leafroll Viruses by Planococcus ficus (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) and Ceroplastes rusci (Hemiptera: Coccidae)

Plant Disease ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 93 (10) ◽  
pp. 999-1002 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Mahfoudhi ◽  
M. Digiaro ◽  
M. H. Dhouibi
Keyword(s):  
Scale Insect ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Planococcus Ficus ◽  
Soft Scale ◽  
First Report ◽  
Grapevine Leafroll Disease ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Leafroll Disease

Grapevine leafroll associated virus-3 (GLRaV-3) and Grapevine leafroll associated virus-5 (GLRaV-5), two members of the genus Ampelovirus associated with grapevine leafroll disease, were transmitted by the mealybug Planococcus ficus and the soft scale insect Ceroplastes rusci from infected to healthy vines under experimental conditions. The efficiencies of transmission of GLRaV-3 and GLRaV-5 by P. ficus were 23.3 and 8.3%, respectively, and by C. rusci were 3.3 and 1.7%, respectively. Juvenile instars of P. ficus were more efficient in transmission of the viruses than adult females. This is the first report of the ability of C. rusci to transmit these viruses to grapevines.

scholarly journals Impacts of Grapevine Leafroll Disease on Fruit Yield and Grape and Wine Chemistry in a Wine Grape (Vitis vinifera L.) Cultivar

PLoS ONE ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. e0149666 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olufemi J. Alabi ◽  
L. Federico Casassa ◽  
Linga R. Gutha ◽  
Richard C. Larsen ◽  
Thomas Henick-Kling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Wine Grape ◽  
Grapevine Leafroll Disease ◽  
Leafroll Disease

scholarly journals Natural spread of grapevine leafroll disease and Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3.

2006 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 143-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. NASU ◽  
J. IMADA ◽  
K. INOUE ◽  
R. NAKAUNE ◽  
T. SHIMANE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grapevine Leafroll Disease ◽  
Natural Spread ◽  
Leafroll Disease
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