scholarly journals Lower extremity muscle quality and gait variability in older adults

2012 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 595-599 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunghoon Shin ◽  
Rudy J. Valentine ◽  
Ellen M. Evans ◽  
Jacob J. Sosnoff
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Gait Variability ◽  
Muscle Quality ◽  
Lower Extremity Muscle

scholarly journals Long-term participation in community group exercise improves lower extremity muscle strength and delays age-related declines in walking speed and physical function in older adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chisato Hayashi ◽  
Soshiro Ogata ◽  
Tadashi Okano ◽  
Hiromitsu Toyoda ◽  
Sonoe Mashino
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Physical Function ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Group Exercise ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Lower Extremity Muscle

Abstract Background The effects of group exercise on the physical function of community-dwelling older adults remain unclear. The changes in lower extremity muscle strength, timed up and go (TUG) time, and the motor fitness scale (MFS), over time, among older adults who expressed a willingness to participate in community-based physical exercise groups, were determined using multilevel modelling. Methods We analyzed data of 2407 older adults between April 2010 and December 2019 from the registry of physical tests of community-based physical exercise groups. We conducted a retrospective cohort study to assess the effect of physical exercise on lower extremity muscle strength, TUG time, and MFS scores. The durations of the exercises were evaluated by frequency of physical test’s participate. Results A deterioration in lower extremity muscle strength was found in the short-term participant group only. However, in the mid-term and long-term participation groups, lower extremity muscle strength showed a trend of improvement. The TUG time and the MFS score were negatively correlated with increasing age in both groups divided by the duration of participation. However, there was a slower rate of deterioration in the long-term participation group. Discussion Lower extremity muscle strength, TUG time, and MFS scores decline with increasing age and there were differences in the slope of deterioration that depended on the duration of participation in community-based group exercise. Conclusion Participation in group exercise improved lower extremity muscle strength, TUG time, and MFS scores of older adults living in a community. The positive effects of group exercise were dependent on long-term participation.

scholarly journals Relationship between Serum Vitamin D and Leg Strength in Older Adults with Pre-Dialysis Chronic Kidney Disease: A Preliminary Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 1433
Author(s):  
Akira Saito ◽  
Koji Hiraki ◽  
Yuhei Otobe ◽  
Kazuhiro P. Izawa ◽  
Tsutomu Sakurada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Knee Extensor ◽  
Active Vitamin ◽  
Active Vitamin D ◽  
Lower Extremity Muscle ◽  
Knee Extensor Muscle Strength

Active vitamin D (calcitriol, or 1.25 (OH) 2 D) is associated with muscle weakness, falls, and fracture in community-dwelling older people. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between a serum active vitamin D level and lower extremity muscle strength in elderly patients with pre-dialysis chronic kidney disease (CKD). This cross-sectional study included 231 patients with CKD treated conservatively as outpatients. We analyzed patient background factors, including age, sex, body mass index (BMI), intact parathyroid hormone (PTH), phosphorus, calcium, albumin, serum calcitriol level as an indicator of active vitamin D, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) collected from medical records. As an index of lower extremity muscle strength, the isometric knee extension muscle strength-to-weight ratio (kgf/kg) was calculated. The mean patient age was 75.9 ± 6.1 years (68.8% male), and the BMI was 24.1 ± 3.8 kg/m2. A significant correlation was observed between knee extensor muscle strength and serum calcitriol level (r = 0.32, p < 0.01), age (r = –0.30, p < 0.01), BMI (r = −0.31, p < 0.01), intact PTH (r = −0.22, p < 0.01), phosphorus (r = −0.29, p < 0.01), albumin (r = −0.28, p < 0.01), and eGFR (r = 0.25, p < 0.01). Multiple regression analysis showed calcitriol to be significantly associated with knee extensor muscle strength (β: 0.14, 95% confidence interval: 0–0.002, p = 0.04) after adjustment for covariates. These results suggest that the serum active vitamin D level is associated with lower extremity muscle strength in older adults with pre-dialysis CKD. It is necessary to verify whether vitamin D supplementation increases lower extremity muscle strength in pre-dialysis CKD patients.

scholarly journals Lower-Extremity Force Decrements Identify Early Mobility Decline Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults

2012 ◽  
Vol 92 (9) ◽  
pp. 1148-1159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moshe Marko ◽  
Christopher G. Neville ◽  
Mark A. Prince ◽  
Lori L. Ploutz-Snyder
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Likelihood Ratio ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Knee Extensors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lower Extremity Muscle ◽  
Cutoff Points ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

BackgroundMany apparently independent older adults modify daily tasks. Task modifications strongly predict future mobility disability. Clinically intuitive, easily measured “biomarkers” associated with task modifications would offer quantifiable treatment targets for prevention of age-related functional limitations.ObjectiveThe objective of the study was to examine lower-extremity muscle strength deficits and functionally relevant cutoff points associated with daily task modifications in community dwelling older adults living independently.DesignThis was a cross-sectional observational study.MethodsFifty-three participants (mean age=76.4 years, SD=5.2) were tested for task modifications and leg strength. Task modifications were assessed using a previously described tool (summary task modification score). Twenty-six of the participants were classified as task modifiers (TM group), and 27 participants were classified as non–task modifiers (NTM group). A net antigravity leg force in the sagittal plane (NETforce) was calculated by summing the normalized isometric and isokinetic torques from the hip extensors, knee extensors, and ankle plantar flexors.ResultsCompared with the NTM group, the TM group exhibited 30.0% and 33.5% reduction in lower-extremity isometric and isokinetic NETforces, respectively. Isometric and isokinetic NETforce cutoff points for task modifications were ≤4.24 and 2.77 N·m/kg body weight, respectively. The isometric and isokinetic models both yielded sensitivity and specificity values of 74.1% and 80.8%, respectively (positive likelihood ratio=3.852, 95% confidence interval=1.699–8.735; negative likelihood ratio=0.321, 95% confidence interval=0.167–0.618). Isometric and isokinetic NETforces were significantly associated with task modifications (odds ratio=2.50 and 2.42, respectively).LimitationsThe cross-sectional design of this study does not allow for a test of causal relationships. This study used a modest yet adequate sample size that may limit generalization of the results.ConclusionsIsometric and isokinetic NETforce cutoff points provide quantifiable biomarkers that discriminate community-dwelling older adults who modify daily tasks from those who do not.

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