scholarly journals Pisa syndrome in an elderly elite mountain walker: an exceptional mode of presentation of extrapyramidal disease

2008 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 721-721
Author(s):  
S. Deshmukh ◽  
K. Amar ◽  
S. C. Allen
Toxins ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 87
Author(s):  
Wolfgang H. Jost

For well over 30 years, the botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) has been used for a large number of indications, some of which however have not been licensed. Admittedly, approval varies in many countries and this permits a large spectrum for evaluation. Thus, BoNT is used for patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) and other Parkinson’s syndromes (PS) in varying degrees of frequency. We have to distinguish between (1) indications that are either approved or (2) those not approved, (3) indications that might be a result of PS and (4) finally those which appear independent of PS. The most important indication for BoNT in PS patients is probably sialorrhea, for which approval has been granted in the majority of countries. Cervical dystonia is a frequent symptom in PS, with anterocollis as a specific entity. A further indication is blepharospasm in the different forms, especially the inhibition of eyelid opening in atypical PS. The use of BoNT in cases of camptocormia, the Pisa syndrome and neck rigidity is still a matter of debate. In dystonia of the extremities BoNT can be recommended, especially in dystonia of the feet. One well-known indication, for which however sufficient data are still lacking, involves treating tremor with BoNT. As to autonomic symptoms: Focal hyperhidrosis and detrusor hyperactivity can be mentioned, in this last case BoNT has already been approved. A number of further but rare indications such as freezing-of-gait, dyskinesia, and dysphagia will be discussed and evaluated.


1999 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 363-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashraf T. Soliman ◽  
Mahmoud M. ElZalabany ◽  
Bhasker Bappal ◽  
Issa AlSalmi ◽  
Vasantha de Silva ◽  
...  

2011 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 641-658 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Dryden Henningsen ◽  
Mary Lynn Miller Henningsen ◽  
Emily McWorthy ◽  
Chance McWorthy ◽  
Lindsay McWorthy

2018 ◽  
Vol 265 (10) ◽  
pp. 2442-2444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karlo J. Lizarraga ◽  
Maryam Naghibzadeh ◽  
Alexandre Boutet ◽  
Gavin J. B. Elias ◽  
Alfonso Fasano

Neurology ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 83 (19) ◽  
pp. e177-e177
Author(s):  
M. Rossi ◽  
M. Merello

2018 ◽  
Vol 108 (5) ◽  
pp. 510-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Shoaib ◽  
M. Farag ◽  
J. Nolan ◽  
A. Rigby ◽  
A. Patwala ◽  
...  

2011 ◽  
Vol 122 ◽  
pp. S88
Author(s):  
A. Fasano ◽  
A. Di Matteo ◽  
G. Squintani ◽  
L. Ricciardi ◽  
T. Bovi ◽  
...  

1986 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 435-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darrell L. Butler

This study examined the effect of automation of instructions on error rates in human experiments. Both repetition of important information (no repetition versus one repetition) and mode of presentation (live experimenter, videotape, audiotape, and audiotape plus written instructions) were studied using a between-subjects design. Data for seven different tasks indicated that instructions stated twice were more effective than instructions stating key information only once, but mode of presentation was not important for 165 college students.


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