scholarly journals Beginning of pig management in Neolithic China: comparison of domestication processes between northern and southern regions

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 30-42
Author(s):  
Hitomi Hongo ◽  
Hiroki Kikuchi ◽  
Hiroo Nasu
Keyword(s):  
Pig Management

The Neolithic transition in Vietnam: Assessing evidence for early pig management and domesticated dog

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 102042
Author(s):  
Rebecca K. Jones ◽  
Philip J. Piper ◽  
Rachel Wood ◽  
Anh Tuan Nguyen ◽  
Marc F. Oxenham
Keyword(s):  
Neolithic Transition ◽  
Pig Management

scholarly journals Pigs and humans in Early Neolithic South-eastern Europe

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 38-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donna De Groene ◽  
Petar Zidarov ◽  
Nedko Elenski ◽  
Youri Van den Hurk ◽  
Thijs Van Kolfschoten ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Wild Boar ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Early Neolithic ◽  
Dietary Analysis ◽  
Domestic Pigs ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Neolithic Site ◽  
South Eastern Europe ◽  
Pig Management

The Bulgarian site Džuljunica-Smărdeš, dating to 6205-5529 cal. BC, is one of the oldest Neolithic sites in Europe. Both domestic cattle and caprines are present in the zooarchaeological assemblage, but Sus, in contrast, is extremely rare. It is not known if the earliest Neolithic people in Europe did rear domestic pigs, practised some form of pig management, or only hunted wild boar. This research investigates the human pig relationships, using biometry, kill-off patterns and isotopic dietary analysis. With this integrated methodological approach, it might be possible to characterize human-suid relationships in this pivotal Early Neolithic site with greater accuracy. Understanding this relationship at this site contributes to the broader debate on how Neolithisation and domesticates spread through Europe, and which bio-cultural mechanisms were responsible for differential patterns of animal exploitation.

scholarly journals Search for the Occurrence of Clostridium difficile and Clostridium perfringens in Pigs Within Zaria and Environs, in Kaduna State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 11-19
Author(s):  
E. C. Maaji ◽  
S. N. G. Kia ◽  
M. Bello
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Clostridium Difficile ◽  
Clostridium Perfringens ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pig Management ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

AbstractAnimals have been known to be the main study subjects when investigating the epidemiology of zoonotic Gram-positive Clostridium difficile and Clostridium perfringens. This cross-sectional study was aimed at determining the occurrence of C. difficile and C. perfringens in pigs as well as the associated risk factors within Zaria and environs, in Kaduna State of Nigeria. A pre-sampling survey led to the selection of Shika, Samaru and Ungwan Mangu in the pig farming communities of Zaria and environs in Kaduna North as the study sites. Rectal swabs from 132 pigs were obtained and anaerobically cultured in fluid thioglycolate and further grown on reinforced clostridia agar. The colonies obtained were sub-cultured in Clostridium difficile moxalactam norfloxacin agar and reinforced clostridia agar containing egg yolk tellurite. C. difficile was not detected. However, C. perfringens was detected at a prevalence of 16.7 % (22/132). Isolates were tested for their susceptibility to 13 antimicrobials. Only 1 isolate (4.55 %) demonstrated susceptibility to vancomycin, gentamicin, chloramphenicol and erythromycin. Of the bivariate analyses of the risk factors studied, only the type of piggery and pig management were statistically significant (P < 0.05) for C. perfringens. Therefore, it should be recognized that there is a need for pig farmers to be enlightened about this pathogen and its prevention through good management practices and hygiene.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of antibodies (IgG) to Taenia solium among pig rearers and associated risk factors in Jos metropolis, Nigeria

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (02) ◽  
pp. 067-072 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Paul Weka ◽  
Eugene I Ikeh ◽  
Joshua Kamani
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Statistical Difference ◽  
Taenia Solium ◽  
Water System ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Pig Management ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Introduction: In Nigeria, Taenia solium cysticercosis is a problem in rural areas where most pigs are kept and in urban areas where infected pork can be consumed. Methodology: We performed enzyme linked immunosorbent assays on serum samples collected from pig rearers in Jos, Nigeria, to determine the prevalence of IgG antibodies. Results: Of 125 subjects tested, 12 (9.6%) were positive for T. solium. Seroprevalence did not differ significantly (P>0.05) according to education, age, occupation, study location, gender or whether the subjects consumed pork. However, a statistical difference (P<0.05) in seroprevalence was observed according to type and availability of toilet used, personal hygiene after using the toilet, and type of pig management practiced. Females were about two times more likely to be seroprevalent than males (OR=1.7; 95% CI= 0.43-6.67; P=0.4) and subjects who consumed pork were four times more likely to have anti T. solium antibodies than those who did not eat pork (OR=4.2; 95%CI=0.52-33.57; P=0.2). Those who defecated in the bush were 8.3 times more likely to suffer from T. solium infection than those who used water system toilets (OR=8.3; 95%CI=1.56-43.7; P=0.01). Subjects who did not wash their hands after defecating were 6 times more likely to contract T. solium compared to those who washed their hands with water ( OR=5.5; 95% CI=1.39-21.89; P=0.01). Conclusion: Our results show that using a toilet and practicing good personal hygiene can reduce cases of T. solium infection in a community.

Current views on Sus phylogeography and pig domestication as seen through modern mtDNA studies

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Greger Larson ◽  
Umberto Albarella
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Biology ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Central Anatolia ◽  
Actual Process ◽  
Stratigraphic Sequence ◽  
Active Involvement ◽  
History Of ◽  
Pig Management ◽  
Western Eurasia ◽  
The Relationship

The history of pig domestication is also the history of the beginnings of Eurasian agricultural civilization. Wild boar were an important hunted resource for many millennia before the domestication process significantly altered this relationship between pigs and humans. The end result of this process (involving not just pigs but all other farm animals and pets) has led not only to the development of a staggering number of breeds and variations of what were once solely wild animals, but also to the intensification of the relationship between human beings and domestic animals, to the point of near total dependence of each upon the other. By investigating when, where, and how many times pigs (and other animals) were domesticated, we not only gain an insight into the process of domestication, itself, but also (by extension) a deeper understanding of human history, evolutionary biology, biogeography, and a host of other disciplines. The beginnings of pig management and domestication probably began sometime between the 10th to 8th millennium BP. In western Eurasia, the earliest archaeological evidence for pig domestication comes from a number of sites in Eastern and central Anatolia: Çayönü Tepesi (Ervynck et al. 2001), Hallan Çemi (Redding & Rosenberg 1998; Redding 2005), and Gürcütepe (Peters et al. 2005). At Çayönü Tepesi, a unique 2,000-year stratigraphic sequence, spanning the 9th to 7th millennia BP, has provided perhaps one of the best opportunities to observe the actual process of domestication for pigs. Thus, biometrical and age-at-death data led Ervynck et al. (2001) to postulate several shifts in the intensity of pig–human relationships, not necessarily directly driven by humans in its initial stages. Active involvement of humans in this process, it was argued, took place much later. However the process is specifically defined, the evidence from Çayönü Tepesi clearly reflects an intensification of the relationship between people and pigs over two millennia, and points to eastern Turkey as a centre of early pig domestication. Unfortunately, most early archaeological sites do not possess such long, continuous, or reliably dated occupation sequences, which has made the identification of other centres of animal domestication difficult at best.

The effects of pre-slaughter pig management from the farm to the processing plant on pork quality

Meat Science ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 938-944 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.N. Edwards ◽  
T. Grandin ◽  
T.E. Engle ◽  
M.J. Ritter ◽  
A.A. Sosnicki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pork Quality ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Pig Management

scholarly journals Herd dynamics reflect constraints for pig production and farmer attitudes in smallholder systems in Lao PDR

2018 ◽  
Vol 58 (11) ◽  
pp. 2158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tassilo T. Tiemann ◽  
Ammaly Phengvilaysouk ◽  
Soukanh Keonouchanh
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Lao Pdr ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Pig Production ◽  
Animal Management ◽  
Herd Dynamics ◽  
Market Opportunities ◽  
Pig Management ◽  
Pass Through

A field intervention and 17 months’ monitoring of pig herd dynamics in seven villages in Northern Laos was conducted. The collected data show for the first time herd dynamics based on quantitative data. They show that dynamics follow a regular cyclic pattern based on the general farm management approach applied by farmers, which lacks a specific pig management focus. Interventions aimed at improving animal management and nutrition were far less successful than envisioned but revealed major conflicts in perception between implementers and farmers. Farmers did not shift their focus to pig production as major income-generating activity as envisioned by implementers. Nevertheless, despite only partially improved systems, farrowing and animal growth rates were increased among committed farmers, whereas death rates have decreased. However, our quantitative data show a significant number of constraints reflected in the way how animals enter, pass through and leave smallholder production systems. Disease and disease prevention, as well as animal feeding are the two dominant hindrances to improved production. Both these obstacles are rather related to a lack of focus on animal production and therefore animal requirements than to an inherent lack of understanding. To increase interest though, poor income opportunities due to lacking market opportunities will have to be tackled. However, even with an incomplete transition from a traditional to an improved system, overall production increased by 600% in committed farmers with an about equivalent increase in income from this activity, showing that current systems leave massive scope for improvement if perceptions and other external obstacles such as access to inputs and markets can be overcome.

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