scholarly journals Experiences of Discrimination Are Associated With Worse Metabolic Syndrome Severity Among African Americans in the Jackson Heart Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle I Cardel ◽  
Xiaofei Chi ◽  
Yuan-I Min ◽  
Mario Sims ◽  
Solomon K Musani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Perceived Discrimination ◽  
Psychosocial Risk Factor ◽  
Mixed Model Approach ◽  
Heart Study ◽  
Severity Scores ◽  
Measure Of Discrimination

Abstract Background Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. Although the development of MetS is attributed to known lifestyle factors, perceived discrimination may also contribute to MetS development and severity. Purpose We examined the associations of perceived discrimination with MetS severity among African American adults at baseline and 8-year follow-up. Methods Three thousand eight hundred and seventy participants (mean age 53.8 ± 13.0; 63.1% female) without diabetes and no missing MetS severity scores at baseline were included. Each self-reported measure of discrimination at baseline (everyday, lifetime, and burden of lifetime) was classified into tertiles (low, medium, high). After adjustment for demographics and MetS risk factors, associations of discrimination were examined with a sex- and race/ethnicity-specific MetS severity Z-score. We employed a mixed model approach that allowed for the assessment of an overall association between reported discrimination at baseline and MetS severity, and for the possible change over time. Results Sex and age differences were observed in experiences with discrimination, such that men reported higher levels of all aspects of discrimination relative to women. Everyday discrimination decreased with age, whereas lifetime discrimination increased with age (p < .05). Independent of lifestyle and demographic factors, everyday and lifetime discrimination were significantly associated with MetS severity (p = .003 and p = .017, respectively) and the associations remained constant over the 8 years (i.e., no interaction with time). Conclusions Our results suggest that, in a large community-based sample of African Americans, discrimination is a salient psychosocial risk factor for severity of MetS.

Abstract P439: Risk Factor Profile and Prevalence of Subclinical Disease in African Americans with Diabetes and Metabolic Syndrome: The Jackson Heart Study

Circulation ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 127 (suppl_12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamel A Gharaibeh ◽  
Vanessa Xanthakis ◽  
Jung Hye Sung ◽  
Tandaw S Samdarshi ◽  
Herman A Taylor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Jackson Heart Study ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Metabolic Derangement ◽  
Risk Factor Profile ◽  
Subclinical Disease ◽  
Heart Study

Background . Metabolic derangements such as diabetes (DM) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) are common in African Americans (AA) and contribute to the higher cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality in this group. A greater prevalence of subclinical disease (ScD) among those with DM and MetS in the AA community may be an explanatory factor. Objective . We assessed the CVD risk factor profile and distribution of ScD among AA with DM and MetS in the Jackson Heart Study (JHS). Methods . We evaluated 4,365 AA participants [mean age (SD) of 53.8 (12.3) years, 64.5% women] free of overt CVD who attended JHS Exam 1 (between 2000- 2004), when ScD assessment was routinely performed(with the exception of CT for coronary calcium that occurred in Exam2). SCD measures included 1) peripheral artery disease (PAD, defined as ankle-brachial index<0.9), 2) high coronary artery calcium (CAC, defined as score>100), 3) left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy (LVH defined as left ventricular mass index>51 g/m 2.7 , 4) low LV ejection fraction (low EF, defined as an EF<50%), and 5) microalbuminuria (MA, defined as an albumin-to-creatinine ratio>25 μg/mg in men and >35 μg/mg in women). We compared the distribution of standard CVD risk factors and ScD prevalence in 1) those without DM or MetS (referent), 2) those with MetS but no DM and 3) those with DM. Results . In our study sample, 1,089 (24.9%) had MetS with no DM and 752 (17.2%) had DM. Compared to the referent group, groups with metabolic derangement tended to be older, female, hypertensive, obese, and had lower HDL, higher fasting glucose, and higher triglycerides levels. Table 1 compares the distribution of ScD for the three groups, and demonstrates the greater odds of. CAC, LVH and microalbuminuria in participants with MetS or DM. Conclusion . In our large community-based sample of AAs, we observed a significantly high prevalence of ScD overall, especially so in participants with MetS and DM. These findings likely contribute to the high CVD rates in AA with MetS and DM. -->

scholarly journals Association of psychosocial stressors with metabolic syndrome severity among African Americans in the Jackson Heart Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 90 ◽  
pp. 141-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle I. Cardel ◽  
Yuan-I Min ◽  
Mario Sims ◽  
Solomon K. Musani ◽  
Akilah Dulin-Keita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Psychosocial Stressors ◽  
Jackson Heart Study ◽  
Heart Study

scholarly journals Perceived Discrimination and Reported Trust and Satisfaction in African Americans: The Jackson Heart Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 209 ◽  
Author(s):  
LáShauntá M. Glover ◽  
Mario Sims ◽  
Karen Winters
Keyword(s):  
African Americans ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Perceived Discrimination ◽  
Discrimination Score ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Jackson Heart Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Heart Study ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Everyday Discrimination

<p class="Pa5"><strong>Objectives: </strong>1) To examine the association of multiple dimensions of discrimination with reported trust and satisfaction with providers; 2) to report within-group differences among African Americans (AAs). </p><p class="Pa5"><strong>Methods: </strong>Descriptive cross sectional study. The study population included AAs aged 35 to 84 years from the Jackson Heart Study (JHS) (N=5,301). Poisson regression (PR) was used to quantify the association between perceived discrimination and reported trust and satisfaction with providers before and after controlling for selected characteristics. </p><p class="Pa5"><strong>Main Measures: </strong>Measures of perceived discrimination included everyday, lifetime, burden from lifetime discrimination, and stress from discrimination. Outcomes included trust and satisfaction with providers. </p><p class="Pa5"><strong>Results: </strong>The mean everyday discrimination score was 2.11 (SD±1.02), and the mean lifetime discrimination score was 2.92 (SD±2.12). High (vs low) levels of everyday discrimination were associated with a 3% reduction in the prevalence of trust in providers (PR .97, 95% CI .96, .99) in all models. In fully-adjusted models, high (vs low) lifetime discrimination was associated with a 4% reduction in the prevalence of trust and satisfaction (PR .96, 95% CI .95, .98). Burden of discrimination was not associated with trust or satisfaction, but stress from discrimination was inversely associated with satisfaction. </p><p class="Pa5"><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The significant association between discrimination and mistrust and dissatisfaction suggests that health care providers should be made aware of AA perceptions of discrimination, which likely affects their levels of trust and satisfaction.</p><p class="Pa5"><em>Ethn Dis. </em>2017;27(3):209-216; doi:10.18865/ed.27.3.209 </p>

scholarly journals Prevalence, associated factors and heritabilities of metabolic syndrome and its individual components in African Americans: the Jackson Heart Study

BMJ Open ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. e008675 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rumana J Khan ◽  
Samson Y Gebreab ◽  
Mario Sims ◽  
Pia Riestra ◽  
Ruihua Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Jackson Heart Study ◽  
Heart Study

scholarly journals Association among sickle cell trait, fitness, and cardiovascular risk factors in CARDIA

Blood ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 129 (6) ◽  
pp. 723-728 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert I. Liem ◽  
Cheeling Chan ◽  
Thanh-Huyen T. Vu ◽  
Myriam Fornage ◽  
Alexis A. Thompson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Sickle Cell ◽  
Independent Risk Factor ◽  
Sickle Cell Trait ◽  
Key Points

Key Points SCT status is not significantly associated with longitudinal changes in fitness among African Americans. SCT status is not an independent risk factor for hypertension, diabetes, or metabolic syndrome among African Americans.

Abstract MP007: Epicardial Fat Thickness: Distribution of and Associations With Cardiovascular Risk Factors in the Framingham Heart Study

Circulation ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 125 (suppl_10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael L Chuang ◽  
Philimon Gona ◽  
Noriko Oyama-Manabe ◽  
Carol J Salton ◽  
Udo Hoffmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Odds Ratios ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Epicardial Fat Thickness ◽  
Heart Study ◽  
Fat Thickness ◽  
Fat Volume

Introduction: High pericardial fat volume (fatVOL) is associated with excess cardiovascular disease (CVD), but analyses for true fat volume can be time-consuming and require specialized software. Linear epicardial fat thickness (fatTHK) can be measured quickly from cardiac magnetic resonance (MRI) images and may serve as a surrogate for fatVOL. We sought to determine the distribution and CVD risk factor correlates of high fatTHK and to compare fatTHK with fatVOL in a community-dwelling adult cohort. Methods: Participants were drawn from the Framingham Heart Study Offspring cohort (N=995, aged 65±9 years, 54% women) and underwent cardiac MRI (SSFP sequence) and multidetector CT during 2002-2005. Clinical and risk factor covariates were obtained at the preceding cycle 7 examination (1998-2001). FatVOL was determined from volumetric MDCT data. FatTHK was measured from the MRI 4-chamber view over the midlevel right ventricular free wall at end-diastole. A healthy referent subsample (N=328), free of major CVD risk factors, was used to determine sex-specific cut points for high fatTHK. Odds ratios for high (>90th percentile) fatVOL and fatTHK versus common CVD risk factors were determined. Results: FatTHK was greater in men than women and increased with age in both sexes. FatTHK correlated with fatVOL at r=0.45 (p less than 0.001) High fatTHK was >=16.0 mm in men and >=13.3 mm in women, with 20.1% prevalence in men and 18.1 % in women. In both sexes, high fatVOL was associated ( Table ) with obesity, metabolic syndrome, dysglycemia, hypertension, prevalent CVD and hypertriglyceridemia. Similar associations, with slightly lower odds ratios, were seen for fatTHK. Conclusions: Greater fatTHK is associated with an excess burden of multiple CVD risk factors. Although correlation between linear fatTHK and true fatVOL was relatively modest, both measures appear to have similar associations with common CVD risk factors. FatTHK may be advantageous in that it can be determined quickly using standard MRI sequences for ventricular function. Table. Odds Ratios for High Pericardial Fat vs. Common CVD Risk Factors fatVOL: Men fatVOL: Women fatTHK: Men fatTHK: Women Obesity, BMI >=30 kg/m2 4.34 (2.78–6.78) 3.13 (2.03–4.82) 2.52 (1.77–3.60) 2.62 (1.84–3.74) Metabolic Syndrome 3.72 (2.38–5.83) 2.60 (1.65–4.08) 2.59 (1.75–3.84) 2.21 (1.53–3.17) Dysglycemia, FPG >=100 mg/dL 2.64 (1.72–4.06) 3.05 (1.98–4.68) 1.75 (1.22–2.50) 1.56 (1.10–2.23) Hypertension, S>=140 or D>=90 mmHg 2.51 (1.66–3.78) 1.96 (1.30–2.97) 2.10 (1.48–2.98) 1.58 (1.13–2.22) Prevalent CVD 1.94 (1.17–3.21) 2.48 (1.41–4.38) 1.73 (1.17–2.55) 1.83 (1.19–2.81) Triglycerides >=150 mg/dL 1.89 (1.25–2.86) 2.21 (1.43–3.42) 1.64 (1.15–2.34) 1.98 (1.38–2.82) Low HDL: M<40, W<50 mg/dL 1.57 (1.03–2.38) 1.44 (0.91–2.28) 1.40 (0.98–1.99) 2.57 (1.80–3.67)

scholarly journals The combined effects of genetic risk and perceived discrimination on blood pressure among African Americans in the Jackson Heart Study

Medicine ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 96 (43) ◽  
pp. e8369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacquelyn Y. Taylor ◽  
Yan V. Sun ◽  
Veronica Barcelona de Mendoza ◽  
Mosi Ifatunji ◽  
Jane Rafferty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Genetic Risk ◽  
Perceived Discrimination ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Jackson Heart Study ◽  
Heart Study

scholarly journals The role of perceived discrimination in predicting changes in health behaviours among African Americans in the Jackson Heart Study

2021 ◽  
pp. jech-2020-215998
Author(s):  
Allana T. Forde ◽  
Mario Sims ◽  
Xu Wang ◽  
Sharrelle Barber ◽  
Ana V. Diez Roux
Keyword(s):  
African Americans ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Perceived Discrimination ◽  
Health Behaviours ◽  
Persistent Current ◽  
Jackson Heart Study ◽  
Current Smoking ◽  
Heart Study ◽  
Over Time

BackgroundThis study examined whether perceived discrimination was associated with health behaviours over time and whether associations of discrimination with behaviours varied by attribution of discrimination.MethodsMultinomial logistic regression was used to estimate ORs and CIs for the associations of discrimination (everyday, lifetime, stress from lifetime discrimination) with health behaviours (cigarette smoking, alcohol use) over time among 3050 African Americans in the Jackson Heart Study from visit 1 (2000–2004) to visit 3 (2009–2013). Smoking status was classified as persistent current, persistent former, persistent never, current to former and former/never to current smokers. Alcohol use status was classified as persistent heavy, persistent moderate/none, heavy to moderate/none and moderate/none to heavy alcohol users.ResultsHigher everyday discrimination was associated with persistent current smoking (OR per SD higher discrimination 1.26, 95% CI 1.11,1.43) and with persistent former smoking (high vs low OR 1.32, 95% CI 1.02,1.70) relative to persistent never smoking. Similar findings were observed for lifetime discrimination and persistent current smoking (high vs low OR 1.85, 95% CI 1.15,2.95) and with persistent former smoking (high vs low OR 1.45, 95% CI 1.06,1.98). Participants reporting lifetime discrimination as very stressful compared with not stressful were more likely to be persistent former smokers (OR 1.44, 95% CI 1.04,1.99). Associations did not vary by discrimination attribution.ConclusionDiscrimination did not predict changes in smoking status or alcohol use. Discrimination was associated with persistent current smoking status, which may provide a plausible mechanism through which discrimination impacts the health of African Americans.

scholarly journals Metabolic syndrome and masked hypertension among African Americans: The Jackson Heart Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 592-600 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisandro D. Colantonio ◽  
D. Edmund Anstey ◽  
April P. Carson ◽  
Gbenga Ogedegbe ◽  
Marwah Abdalla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Masked Hypertension ◽  
Jackson Heart Study ◽  
Heart Study
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