The 2-dimensional sphere

2009 ◽  
pp. 47-53
Author(s):  
Francis Bonahon
Keyword(s):  
Dimensional Sphere

Center of Mass Theorem and the Separation of Variables for Two-Body System on a Three-Dimensional Sphere

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 306-311
Author(s):  
Yu. Kurochkin ◽  
Dz. Shoukavy ◽  
I. Boyarina
Keyword(s):  
Constant Curvature ◽  
Jacobi Equation ◽  
Separation Of Variables ◽  
Center Of Mass ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Relative Distance ◽  
Dimensional Sphere ◽  
Body System ◽  
Spaces Of Constant Curvature ◽  
Hamilton Jacobi Equation

The immobility of the center of mass in spaces of constant curvature is postulated based on its definition obtained in [1]. The system of two particles which interact through a potential depending only on the distance between particles on a three-dimensional sphere is considered. The Hamilton-Jacobi equation is formulated and its solutions and trajectory equations are found. It was established that the reduced mass of the system depends on the relative distance.

EXCITON INSULATOR STATES IN MATERIALS WITH ‘MEXICAN HAT’ BAND STRUCTURE DISPERSION AND IN GRAPHENE

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 2927-2949
Author(s):  
Lyubov E. Lokot
Keyword(s):  
Band Structure ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Sphere ◽  
Electron Hole ◽  
Dinger Equation ◽  
Fermi Sphere ◽  
Zinc Blende ◽  
Bulk Gan ◽  
Structure Dispersion ◽  
Excitonic States

In the paper a theoretical study the both the quantized energies of excitonic states and their wave functions in grapheneand in materials with "Mexican hat" band structure dispersion as well as in zinc-blende GaN is presented. An integral twodimensionalSchrödinger equation of the electron-hole pairing for a particles with electron-hole symmetry of reflection isexactly solved. The solutions of Schrödinger equation in momentum space in studied materials by projection the twodimensionalspace of momentum on the three-dimensional sphere are found exactly. We analytically solve an integral twodimensionalSchrödinger equation of the electron-hole pairing for particles with electron-hole symmetry of reflection. Instudied materials the electron-hole pairing leads to the exciton insulator states. Quantized spectral series and lightabsorption rates of the excitonic states which distribute in valence cone are found exactly. If the electron and hole areseparated, their energy is higher than if they are paired. The particle-hole symmetry of Dirac equation of layered materialsallows perfect pairing between electron Fermi sphere and hole Fermi sphere in the valence cone and conduction cone andhence driving the Cooper instability. The solutions of Coulomb problem of electron-hole pair does not depend from a widthof band gap of graphene. It means the absolute compliance with the cyclic geometry of diagrams at justification of theequation of motion for a microscopic dipole of graphene where >1 s r . The absorption spectrums for the zinc-blendeGaN/(Al,Ga)N quantum well as well as for the zinc-blende bulk GaN are presented. Comparison with availableexperimental data shows good agreement.

scholarly journals Continuous Maps from Spheres Converging to Boundaries of Convex Hulls

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Malkoun ◽  
Peter J. Olver
Keyword(s):  
Convex Hull ◽  
Convex Geometry ◽  
Gauss Map ◽  
Parameter Family ◽  
Convex Hulls ◽  
Dimensional Sphere ◽  
Continuous Maps ◽  
Dimensional Boundary

Abstract Given n distinct points $\mathbf {x}_1, \ldots , \mathbf {x}_n$ in $\mathbb {R}^d$ , let K denote their convex hull, which we assume to be d-dimensional, and $B = \partial K $ its $(d-1)$ -dimensional boundary. We construct an explicit, easily computable one-parameter family of continuous maps $\mathbf {f}_{\varepsilon } \colon \mathbb {S}^{d-1} \to K$ which, for $\varepsilon> 0$ , are defined on the $(d-1)$ -dimensional sphere, and whose images $\mathbf {f}_{\varepsilon }({\mathbb {S}^{d-1}})$ are codimension $1$ submanifolds contained in the interior of K. Moreover, as the parameter $\varepsilon $ goes to $0^+$ , the images $\mathbf {f}_{\varepsilon } ({\mathbb {S}^{d-1}})$ converge, as sets, to the boundary B of the convex hull. We prove this theorem using techniques from convex geometry of (spherical) polytopes and set-valued homology. We further establish an interesting relationship with the Gauss map of the polytope B, appropriately defined. Several computer plots illustrating these results are included.

scholarly journals Bertrand curves in the three-dimensional sphere

2012 ◽  
Vol 62 (9) ◽  
pp. 1903-1914 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pascual Lucas ◽  
José Antonio Ortega-Yagües
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Sphere

scholarly journals A Helly-type theorem on a sphere

1967 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 323-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. C. Baker
Keyword(s):  
Euclidean Space ◽  
Convex Sets ◽  
Type Theorem ◽  
Dimensional Euclidean Space ◽  
Dimensional Sphere ◽  
Strongly Convex ◽  
Set Of Points

The purpose of this paper is to prove that if n+3, or more, strongly convex sets on an n dimensional sphere are such that each intersection of n+2 of them is empty, then the intersection of some n+1 of them is empty. (The n dimensional sphere is understood to be the set of points in n+1 dimensional Euclidean space satisfying x21+x22+ …+x2n+1 = 1.)

Homogeneous Einstein Finsler Metrics on -dimensional Spheres

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 509-523
Author(s):  
Libing Huang ◽  
Xiaohuan Mo
Keyword(s):  
Sectional Curvature ◽  
Ricci Curvature ◽  
Einstein Metrics ◽  
Constant Sectional Curvature ◽  
Einstein Metric ◽  
Finsler Metrics ◽  
Dimensional Sphere ◽  
Order Ordinary Differential Equation ◽  
Canonical Metric ◽  
Homogeneous Einstein Metrics

AbstractIn this paper, we study a class of homogeneous Finsler metrics of vanishing $S$-curvature on a $(4n+3)$-dimensional sphere. We find a second order ordinary differential equation that characterizes Einstein metrics with constant Ricci curvature $1$ in this class. Using this equation we show that there are infinitely many homogeneous Einstein metrics on $S^{4n+3}$ of constant Ricci curvature $1$ and vanishing $S$-curvature. They contain the canonical metric on $S^{4n+3}$ of constant sectional curvature $1$ and the Einstein metric of non-constant sectional curvature given by Jensen in 1973.

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