Comparative Cytogenetics Analysis on Five Genera of Thorny Catfish (Siluriformes, Doradidae): Chromosome Review in the Family and Inferences About Chromosomal Evolution Integrated with Phylogenetic Proposals

Zebrafish ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 270-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas Baumgärtner ◽  
Leonardo Marcel Paiz ◽  
Fabio Hiroshi Takagui ◽  
Roberto Laridondo Lui ◽  
Orlando Moreira-Filho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chromosomal Evolution ◽  
Comparative Cytogenetics ◽  
The Family

scholarly journals Comparative cytogenetics of Serrasalmidae (Teleostei: Characiformes): The relationship between chromosomal evolution and molecular phylogenies

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. e0258003
Author(s):  
Ramon Marin Favarato ◽  
Leila Braga Ribeiro ◽  
Alber Campos ◽  
Jorge Ivan Rebelo Porto ◽  
Celeste Mutuko Nakayama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Chromosomal Rearrangements ◽  
5S Rdna ◽  
Chromosomal Evolution ◽  
Comparative Cytogenetics ◽  
Molecular Cytogenetic ◽  
The Family ◽  
Identification Of Species ◽  
Molecular Cytogenetic Techniques ◽  
The Relationship

Serrasalmidae has high morphological and chromosomal diversity. Based on molecular hypotheses, the family is currently divided into two subfamilies, Colossomatinae and Serrasalminae, with Serrasalminae composed of two tribes: Myleini (comprising most of pacus species) and Serrasalmini (represented by Metynnis, Catoprion, and remaining piranha’s genera). This study aimed to analyze species of the tribes Myleini (Myloplus asterias, M. lobatus, M. rubripinnis, M. schomburgki, and Tometes camunani) and Serrasalmini (Metynnis cuiaba, M. hypsauchen, and M. longipinnis) using classical and molecular cytogenetic techniques in order to understand the chromosomal evolution of the family. The four species of the genus Myloplus and T. camunani presented 2n = 58 chromosomes, while the species of Metynnis presented 2n = 62 chromosomes. The distribution of heterochromatin occurred predominantly in pericentromeric regions in all species. Tometes camunani and Myloplus spp. presented only one site with 5S rDNA. Multiple markers of 18S rDNA were observed in T. camunani, M. asterias, M. lobatus, M. rubripinnis, and M. schomburgkii. For Metynnis, however, synteny of the 18S and 5S rDNA was observed in the three species, in addition to an additional 5S marker in M. longipinnis. These data, when superimposed on the phylogeny of the family, suggest a tendency to increase the diploid chromosome number from 54 to 62 chromosomes, which occurred in a nonlinear manner and is the result of several chromosomal rearrangements. In addition, the different karyotype formulas and locations of ribosomal sequences can be used as cytotaxonomic markers and assist in the identification of species.

Comparative Cytogenetics in Four Leptodactylus Species (Amphibia, Anura, Leptodactylidae): Evidence of Inner Chromosomal Diversification in Highly Conserved Karyotypes

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
David S. da Silva ◽  
Heriberto F. da Silva Filho ◽  
Marcelo B. Cioffi ◽  
Edivaldo H.C. de Oliveira ◽  
Anderson J.B. Gomes
Keyword(s):  
18S Rdna ◽  
Repetitive Sequences ◽  
Molecular Cytogenetics ◽  
Comparative Cytogenetics ◽  
The Family ◽  
Agnor Staining ◽  
Dna Elements ◽  
Conventional Cytogenetics ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Repetitive Dna Elements

With 82 species currently described, the genus <i>Leptodactylus</i> is the most diverse and representative one in the family Leptodactylidae. Concerning chromosomal organization, this genus represents an interesting and underexplored group since data from molecular cytogenetics are incipient, and little is known about the organization and distribution of repetitive DNA elements in the karyotypes. In this sense, this study aimed at providing a comparative analysis in 4 <i>Leptodactylus</i> species (<i>L. macrosternum, L. pentadactylus, L. fuscus,</i> and <i>Leptodactylus</i> cf<i>. podicipinus</i>), combining conventional cytogenetics (Giemsa staining, C-banding, and AgNOR staining) and mapping of molecular markers (18S rDNA, telomeric and microsatellite probes), to investigate mechanisms underlying their karyotype differentiation process. The results showed that all species had karyotypes with 2n = 22 and FN = 44, except for <i>Leptodactylus</i> cf. <i>podicipinus</i> which presented FN = 36. The 18S rDNA was observed in pair 8 of all analyzed species (corresponding to pair 4 in <i>L. pentadactylus</i>), coinciding with the secondary constrictions and AgNOR staining. FISH with microsatellite DNA probes demonstrated species-specific patterns, as well as an association of these repetitive sequences with constitutive heterochromatin blocks and ribosomal DNA clusters, revealing the dynamics of microsatellites in the genome of the analyzed species. In summary, our data demonstrate an ongoing process of genomic divergence inside species with almost similar karyotype, driven most likely by a series of pericentric inversions, followed by differential accumulation of repetitive sequences.

Chromosome Uniformity in Lacertidae: New Data on four Italian Species

1982 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Nascetti ◽  
Ernesto Capanna ◽  
Massimo Capula
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Social Behaviour ◽  
Chromosomal Evolution ◽  
Population Subdivision ◽  
The Family

AbstractThe chromosome complements of Podarcis filfolensis, P. tiliguerta, P. wagleriana and Archaeolacerta bedriagae were analyzed in bone marrow somatic mitoses as well as in meiotic diakinesis. All four species are characterized by the typical lacertid karyotype consisting of 38 chromosomes (36 acrocentric macrochromosomes plus 2 microchromosomes). Adaptive stability of karyotypes, as a result ofa canalization process of chromosomal evolution, and absence of complex social behaviour promoting population subdivision and inbreeding, are the evolutionary factors presumably correlated with the remarkable conservativeness of karyotype observed within the family Lacertidae.

scholarly journals Comparative cytogenetics between two species of the family Pseudopimelodidae (Siluriformes): occurrence of natural triploidy and supernumerary chromosomes

2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juceli Gonzalez Gouveia ◽  
Vivian Patrícia Oliveira de Moraes ◽  
Larissa Bettin Pires ◽  
Renata da Rosa ◽  
Ana Lúcia Dias
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Cytogenetics ◽  
Supernumerary Chromosomes ◽  
The Family

Phylogenetics and chromosomal evolution in the Poaceae (grasses)

2004 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khidir W. Hilu
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
Chromosome Doubling ◽  
Chromosomal Evolution ◽  
Basic Chromosome Number ◽  
Basic Chromosome ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Family

The wide range in basic chromosome number (x = 2–18) and prevalence of polyploidy and hybridisation have resulted in contrasting views on chromosomal evolution in Poaceae. This study uses information on grass chromosome number and a consensus phylogeny to determine patterns of chromosomal evolution in the family. A chromosomal parsimony hypothesis is proposed that underscores (1) the evolution of the Joinvilleaceae/Ecdeiocoleaceae/Poaceae lineage from Restionaceae ancestors with x = 9, (2) aneuploid origin of x�=�11 in Ecdeiocoleaceae and Poaceae (Streptochaeta, Anomochlooideae), (3) reduction to x = 9, followed by chromosome doubling within Anomochlooideae to generate the x = 18 in Anomochloa, and (4) aneuploid increase from the ancestral x = 11 to x = 12 in Pharoideae and Puelioideae, and further diversification in remaining taxa (Fig. 3b). Higher basic chromosome numbers are maintained in basal taxa of all grass subfamilies, whereas smaller numbers are found in terminal species. This finding refutes the 'secondary polyploidy hypothesis', but partially supports the 'reduction hypothesis' previously proposed for chromosomal evolution in the Poaceae.

Karyotype and Mapping of Repetitive DNAs in the African Butterfly Fish Pantodon buchholzi, the Sole Species of the Family Pantodontidae

2016 ◽  
Vol 149 (4) ◽  
pp. 312-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petr Ráb ◽  
Cassia F. Yano ◽  
Sébastien Lavoué ◽  
Oladele I. Jegede ◽  
Luiz A.C. Bertollo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
18S Rdna ◽  
Trinucleotide Repeat ◽  
Pericentromeric Region ◽  
Chromosomal Evolution ◽  
River Population ◽  
U2 Snrna ◽  
Molecular Cytogenetic ◽  
Rdna Sites ◽  
The Family ◽  
Acrocentric Chromosomes

The monophyletic order Osteoglossiformes represents one of the most ancestral groups of teleosts and has at least 1 representative in all continents of the southern hemisphere, with the exception of Antarctica. However, despite its phylogenetic and biogeographical importance, cytogenetic data in Osteoglossiformes are scarce. Here, karyotype and chromosomal characteristics of the lower Niger River population of the African butterfly fish Pantodon buchholzi, the sole species of the family Pantodontidae (Osteoglossiformes), were examined using conventional and molecular cytogenetic approaches. All specimens examined had 2n = 46 chromosomes, with a karyotype composed of 5 pairs of metacentric, 5 pairs of submetacentric, and 13 pairs of acrocentric chromosomes in both sexes. No morphologically differentiated sex chromosomes were identified. C-bands were located in the centromeric/pericentromeric region of all chromosomes and were associated with the single AgNOR site. FISH with ribosomal DNA probes revealed that both 5S and 18S rDNA were present in only 1 pair of chromosomes each, but did not colocalize. CMA3+ bands were observed near the telomeres in several chromosome pairs and also at the 18S rDNA sites. The mapping of di- and trinucleotide repeat motifs, Rex6 transposable element, and U2 snRNA showed a scattered distribution over most of the chromosomes, but for some microsatellites and the U2 snRNA also a preferential accumulation at telomeric regions. This study presents the first detailed cytogenetic analysis in the African butterfly fish by both conventional and molecular cytogenetic protocols. This is the first of a series of further cytogenetic and cytogenomic studies on osteoglossiforms, aiming to comprehensively examine the chromosomal evolution in this phylogenetically important fish order.

scholarly journals Chromosomal evolution in the family Phasianidae (Aves)

Hereditas ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 98 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
HANS RYTTMAN ◽  
HÄKAN TEGELSTRÖM
Keyword(s):  
Chromosomal Evolution ◽  
The Family

KARYOLOGY OF NORTH AMERICAN CROTALINE SNAKES (FAMILY VIPERIDAE) OF THE GENERA AGKISTRODON, SISTRURUS, AND CROTALUS

1973 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 389-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Earl G. Zimmerman ◽  
C. William Kilpatrick
Keyword(s):  
Sex Chromosomes ◽  
North American ◽  
Diploid Number ◽  
Chromosomal Evolution ◽  
The Family

The karyotypes of 10 species of crotaline snakes from three genera of the family Viperidae are described. All species were found to possess a diploid number of 36 with intergeneric differences involving at least two pairs of autosomes. More significant differences were found between the sex chromosomes with Agkistrodon piscivorous possessing a submetacentric W, A. contortrix possessing an acrocentric W, Sistrurus sp. possessing an acrocentric W, and all Crotalus sp. possessing a submetacentric or subtelocentric W. The chromosomal relationships of the genera are discussed in light of current thoughts on evolution in the Viperidae and chromosomal evolution in snakes.

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