Probiotic Lactobacilli Enhance Immunogenicity of an Inactivated H9N2 Influenza Virus Vaccine in Chickens

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadiyah Alqazlan ◽  
Jake Astill ◽  
Khaled Taha-Abdelaziz ◽  
Éva Nagy ◽  
Byram Bridle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Virus Vaccine ◽  
Influenza Virus Vaccine ◽  
H9n2 Influenza Virus ◽  
Probiotic Lactobacilli

scholarly journals Host Factors Impact Vaccine Efficacy: Implications for Seasonal and Universal Influenza Vaccine Programs

2019 ◽  
Vol 93 (21) ◽  
Author(s):  
Santosh Dhakal ◽  
Sabra L. Klein
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Influenza Vaccine ◽  
Virus Vaccine ◽  
Vaccine Efficacy ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Influenza Virus Vaccine ◽  
Host Factors ◽  
Influenza Vaccines ◽  
Vaccine Type ◽  
Induced Immunity

ABSTRACT Influenza is a global public health problem. Current seasonal influenza vaccines have highly variable efficacy, and thus attempts to develop broadly protective universal influenza vaccines with durable protection are under way. While much attention is given to the virus-related factors contributing to inconsistent vaccine responses, host-associated factors are often neglected. Growing evidences suggest that host factors including age, biological sex, pregnancy, and immune history play important roles as modifiers of influenza virus vaccine efficacy. We hypothesize that host genetics, the hormonal milieu, and gut microbiota contribute to host-related differences in influenza virus vaccine efficacy. This review highlights the current insights and future perspectives into host-specific factors that impact influenza vaccine-induced immunity and protection. Consideration of the host factors that affect influenza vaccine-induced immunity might improve influenza vaccines by providing empirical evidence for optimizing or even personalizing vaccine type, dose, and use of adjuvants for current seasonal and future universal influenza vaccines.

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