Distinct Pathways for Signaling Maturation in Macrophages and Dendritic Cells after Infection with Paramyxovirus Simian Virus 5

2007 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharmila Pejawar-Gaddy ◽  
Negin Gitiban-Vaghefi ◽  
Griffith D. Parks ◽  
Martha A. Alexander-Miller
Keyword(s):  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
Simian Virus ◽  
Simian Virus 5

scholarly journals TLR-4 and -6 agonists reverse apoptosis and promote maturation of simian virus 5-infected human dendritic cells through NFkB-dependent pathways

Virology ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 365 (1) ◽  
pp. 144-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subhashini Arimilli ◽  
John B. Johnson ◽  
Martha A. Alexander-Miller ◽  
Griffith D. Parks
Keyword(s):  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
Simian Virus ◽  
Simian Virus 5 ◽  
Human Dendritic Cells

scholarly journals A Simian Virus 5 (SV5) P/V Mutant Is Less Cytopathic than Wild-Type SV5 in Human Dendritic Cells and Is a More Effective Activator of Dendritic Cell Maturation and Function

2006 ◽  
Vol 80 (7) ◽  
pp. 3416-3427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subhashini Arimilli ◽  
Martha A. Alexander-Miller ◽  
Griffith D. Parks
Keyword(s):  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
Simian Virus ◽  
Progeny Virus ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Potent Inducer ◽  
Cytopathic Effects ◽  
Simian Virus 5 ◽  
V Gene ◽  
And Function ◽  
Human Dendritic Cells

ABSTRACT Human epithelial cells infected with the parainfluenza virus simian virus 5 (SV5) show minimal activation of host cell interferon (IFN), cytokine, and cell death pathways. In contrast, a recombinant SV5 P/V gene mutant (rSV5-P/V-CPI−) overexpresses viral gene products and is a potent inducer of IFN, proinflammatory cytokines, and apoptosis in these cells. In this study, we have compared the outcomes of wild-type (WT) SV5 and rSV5-P/V-CPI− infections of primary human dendritic cells (DC), important antigen-presenting cells for initiating adaptive immune responses. We have tested the hypothesis that a P/V mutant which activates host antiviral responses will be a more potent inducer of DC maturation and function than WT rSV5, which suppresses host cell responses. Infection of peripheral blood mononuclear cell-derived immature DC with WT rSV5 resulted in high levels of viral protein and progeny virus but very little increase in cell surface costimulatory molecules or secretion of IFN and proinflammatory cytokines. In contrast, immature DC infected with the rSV5-P/V-CPI− mutant produced only low levels of viral protein and progeny virus, but these infected cells were induced to secrete IFN-α and other cytokines and showed elevated levels of maturation markers. Unexpectedly, DC infected with WT rSV5 showed extensive cytopathic effects and increased levels of active caspase-3, while infection of DC with the P/V mutant was largely noncytopathic. In mixed-culture assays, WT rSV5-infected DC were impaired in the ability to stimulate proliferation of autologous CD4+ T cells, whereas DC infected with the P/V mutant were very effective at activating T-cell proliferation. The addition of a pancaspase inhibitor to DC infected with WT rSV5 reduced cytopathic effects and resulted in higher surface expression levels of maturation markers. Our finding that the SV5 P/V mutant has both a reduced cytopathic effect in human DC compared to WT SV5 and an enhanced ability to induce DC function has implications for the rational design of novel recombinant paramyxovirus vectors based on engineered mutations in the viral P/V gene.

scholarly journals Hepatitis B Virus X Protein and Simian Virus 5 V Protein Exhibit Similar UV-DDB1 Binding Properties To Mediate Distinct Activities

2003 ◽  
Vol 77 (11) ◽  
pp. 6274-6283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivier Leupin ◽  
Séverine Bontron ◽  
Michel Strubin
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Simian Virus ◽  
Binding Activity ◽  
X Protein ◽  
Binding Properties ◽  
V Protein ◽  
Dna Binding Activity ◽  
Simian Virus 5 ◽  
B Virus

ABSTRACT The UV-damaged DNA-binding activity protein (UV-DDB) consists of two subunits, DDB1 and DDB2, and functions in DNA repair and cell cycle regulation. The DDB1 subunit is a target for the hepatitis B virus X protein (HBx). Binding of HBx to DDB1 interferes with cell growth and viability in culture and has been implicated in the establishment of viral infection. DDB1 also interacts with the V proteins encoded by several paramyxoviruses including simian virus 5 (SV5), which prevent interferon signaling by targeting either STAT1 or STAT2 proteins for proteolysis. The role of V binding to DDB1, however, remains unclear. Here we show that the V protein of SV5 (SV5-V) and HBx exhibit strikingly similar DDB1 binding properties. Thus, SV5-V and HBx bind to DDB1 in a mutually exclusive manner, and SV5-V shares with HBx the ability to enhance the steady-state levels of DDB1 and to inhibit its association with DDB2. Yet only HBx induces cell death, and SV5-V can prevent HBx from doing so by blocking its interaction with DDB1. Binding of SV5-V to DDB1 may serve another function, since SV5-V shows a decreased ability to induce STAT1 degradation in cells expressing reduced amounts of DDB1. These findings demonstrate that HBx performs a unique function through its association with DDB1 for which SV5-V cannot substitute and suggest that SV5-V and HBx have evolved to bind DDB1 to achieve distinct functions, both by a mechanism that does not involve DDB2.

scholarly journals Growth sensitivity of a recombinant simian virus 5 P/V mutant to type I interferon differs between tumor cell lines and normal primary cells

Virology ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 335 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth K. Wansley ◽  
Patrick J. Dillon ◽  
Maria D. Gainey ◽  
James Tam ◽  
Scott D. Cramer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Cell ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Type I Interferon ◽  
Simian Virus ◽  
Type I ◽  
Tumor Cell Lines ◽  
Primary Cells ◽  
Simian Virus 5

scholarly journals The Paramyxovirus Simian Virus 5 V Protein Slows Progression of the Cell Cycle

2000 ◽  
Vol 74 (19) ◽  
pp. 9152-9166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grace Y. Lin ◽  
Robert A. Lamb
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Cell Cycle Progression ◽  
Simian Virus ◽  
S Phase ◽  
V Protein ◽  
Simian Virus 5 ◽  
C Terminus ◽  
M Phase ◽  
Infected Cells ◽  
Affect Cell Cycle Progression

ABSTRACT Infection of cells by many viruses affects the cell division cycle of the host cell to favor viral replication. We examined the ability of the paramyxovirus simian parainfluenza virus 5 (SV5) to affect cell cycle progression, and we found that SV5 slows the rate of proliferation of HeLa T4 cells. The SV5-infected cells had a delayed transition from G1 to S phase and prolonged progression through S phase, and some of the infected cells were arrested in G2 or M phase. The levels of p53 and p21CIP1were not increased in SV5-infected cells compared to mock-infected cells, suggesting that the changes in the cell cycle occur through a p53-independent mechanism. However, the phosphorylation of the retinoblastoma protein (pRB) was delayed and prolonged in SV5-infected cells. The changes in the cell cycle were also observed in cells expressing the SV5 V protein but not in the cells expressing the SV5 P protein or the V protein lacking its unique C terminus (VΔC). The unique C terminus of the V protein of SV5 was shown previously to interact with DDB1, which is the 127-kDa subunit of the multifunctional damage-specific DNA-binding protein (DDB) heterodimer. The coexpression of DDB1 with V can partially restore the changes in the cell cycle caused by expression of the V protein.

Different roles of individual N-linked oligosaccharide chains in folding, assembly, and transport of the simian virus 5 hemagglutinin-neuraminidase

1990 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1989-2001
Author(s):  
D T Ng ◽  
S W Hiebert ◽  
R A Lamb
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Intracellular Transport ◽  
Carbohydrate Chain ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Simian Virus ◽  
Glycosylation Pattern ◽  
Transient Complex ◽  
Simian Virus 5 ◽  
Endoplasmic Reticulum Protein ◽  
Carbohydrate Chains

The role of N-linked glycosylation in protein maturation and transport has been studied by using the simian virus 5 hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) protein, a model class II integral membrane glycoprotein. The sites of N-linked glycosylation on HN were identified by eliminating each of the potential sites for N-linked glycosylation by oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis on a cDNA clone. Expression of the mutant HN proteins in eucaryotic cells indicated that four sites are used in the HN glycoprotein for the addition of N-linked oligosaccharide chains. These functional glycosylation sites were systematically eliminated in various combinations from HN to form a panel of mutants in which the roles of individual carbohydrate chains and groups of carbohydrate chains could be analyzed. Alterations in the normal glycosylation pattern resulted in the impairment of HN protein folding and assembly which, in turn, affected the intracellular transport of HN. The severity of the consequences on HN maturation depended on both the number of deleted carbohydrate sites and their position in the HN molecule. Analysis of the reactivity pattern of HN conformation-specific monoclonal antibodies with the mutant HN proteins indicated that one specific carbohydrate chain plays a major role in promoting the correct folding of HN. Another carbohydrate chain, which is not essential for the initial folding of HN was found to play a role in preventing the aggregation of HN oligomers. The HN molecules which were misfolded, owing to their altered glycosylation pattern, were retained in the endoplasmic reticulum. Double-label immunofluorescence experiments indicate that misfolded HN and folded HN are segregated in the same cell. Misfolded HN forms disulfide-linked aggregates and is stably associated with the resident endoplasmic reticulum protein, GRP78-BiP, whereas wild-type HN forms a specific and transient complex with GRP78-BiP during its folding process.

scholarly journals Single Amino Acid Substitution in the V Protein of Simian Virus 5 Differentiates Its Ability To Block Interferon Signaling in Human and Murine Cells

2001 ◽  
Vol 75 (7) ◽  
pp. 3363-3370 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. F. Young ◽  
N. Chatziandreou ◽  
B. He ◽  
S. Goodbourn ◽  
R. A. Lamb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Aspartic Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Substitution ◽  
Simian Virus ◽  
Virus Protein ◽  
V Protein ◽  
Persistently Infected ◽  
P Gene ◽  
Simian Virus 5

ABSTRACT Previous work has demonstrated that the V protein of simian virus 5 (SV5) targets STAT1 for proteasome-mediated degradation (thereby blocking interferon [IFN] signaling) in human but not in murine cells. In murine BF cells, SV5 establishes a low-grade persistent infection in which the virus fluxes between active and repressed states in response to local production of IFN. Upon passage of persistently infected BF cells, virus mutants were selected that were better able to replicate in murine cells than the parental W3 strain of SV5 (wild type [wt]). Viruses with mutations in the Pk region of the N-terminal domain of the V protein came to predominate the population of viruses carried in the persistently infected cell cultures. One of these mutant viruses, termed SV5 mci-2, was isolated. Sequence analysis of the V/P gene of SV5 mci-2 revealed two nucleotide differences compared to wt SV5, only one of which resulted in an amino acid substitution (asparagine [N], residue 100, to aspartic acid [D]) in V. Unlike the protein of wt SV5, the V protein of SV5 mci-2 blocked IFN signaling in murine cells. Since the SV5 mci-2 virus had additional mutations in genes other than the V/P gene, a recombinant virus (termed rSV5-V/P N100D) was constructed that contained this substitution alone within the wt SV5 backbone to evaluate what effect the asparagine-to-aspartic-acid substitution in V had on the virus phenotype. In contrast to wt SV5, rSV5-V/P N100D blocked IFN signaling in murine cells. Furthermore, rSV5-V/P N100D virus protein synthesis in BF cells continued for significantly longer periods than that for wt SV5. However, even in cells infected with rSV5-V/P N100D, there was a late, but significant, inhibition in virus protein synthesis. Nevertheless, there was an increase in virus yield from BF cells infected with rSV5-V/P N100D compared to wt SV5, demonstrating a clear selective advantage to SV5 in being able to block IFN signaling in these cells.

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