Vector Competence and Vertical Transmission of Zika Virus in Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 374-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoxia Guo ◽  
Chunxiao Li ◽  
Yongqiang Deng ◽  
Yuting Jiang ◽  
Aijuan Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Aedes Albopictus ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
Vector Competence

scholarly journals Evidence of Zika virus horizontal and vertical transmission in Aedes albopictus from Spain but not infectious virus in saliva of the progeny

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 2236-2244
Author(s):  
Ana I. Nuñez ◽  
Sandra Talavera ◽  
Lotty Birnberg ◽  
Raquel Rivas ◽  
Núria Pujol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Aedes Albopictus ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
Infectious Virus

scholarly journals Vertical transmission of zika virus in Aedes albopictus

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. e0008776
Author(s):  
Zetian Lai ◽  
Tengfei Zhou ◽  
Jiayong Zhou ◽  
Shuang Liu ◽  
Ye Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Aedes Albopictus ◽  
Reverse Transcription ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Horizontal Transmission ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Transmission Rates ◽  
Suckling Mice ◽  
Reverse Transcription Pcr

Background Zika virus (ZIKV) is an arthropod-borne flavivirus transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes. Aedes albopictus is an important vector of ZIKV worldwide. To date, most experiments have focused on the vertical transmission of ZIKV in Ae. aegypti, while studies on Ae. albopictus are very limited. To explore vertical transmission in Ae. albopictus, a series of laboratory studies were carried out. Methodology/Principal findings In this study, Ae. albopictus were blood-fed with ZIKV-infectious blood, and the ovaries and offspring viral infection rates were analyzed by reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR), real-time reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC). ZIKV was detected in the ovaries and oviposited eggs in two gonotrophic cycles. The minimum filial egg infection rates in two gonotrophic cycles were 2.06% and 0.69%, and the effective population transmission rate was 1.87%. The hatching, pupation, and emergence rates of infected offspring were not significantly different from those of uninfected offspring, indicating that ZIKV did not prevent the offspring from completing the growth and development process. ZIKV was detected in three of thirteen C57BL/6 suckling mice bitten by ZIKV-positive F1 females, and the viremia persisted for at least seven days. Conclusions/Significance ZIKV can be vertically transmitted in Ae. albopictus via transovarial transmission. The vertical transmission rates in F1 eggs and adults were 2.06% and 1.87%, respectively. Even though the vertical transmission rates were low, the female mosquitoes infected via the congenital route horizontally transmitted ZIKV to suckling mice through bloodsucking. This is the first experimental evidence of offspring with vertically transmitted ZIKV initiating new horizontal transmission. The present study deepens the understanding of the vertical transmission of flaviviruses in Aedes mosquitoes and sheds light on the prevention and control of mosquito-borne diseases.

scholarly journals Vector competence of Australian Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus for an epidemic strain of Zika virus

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. e0007281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leon E. Hugo ◽  
Liesel Stassen ◽  
Jessica La ◽  
Edward Gosden ◽  
O’mezie Ekwudu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Aedes Albopictus ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
Vector Competence ◽  
Epidemic Strain

scholarly journals Experimental transmission of Zika virus by mosquitoes from central Europe

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Heitmann ◽  
Stephanie Jansen ◽  
Renke Lühken ◽  
Mayke Leggewie ◽  
Marlis Badusche ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Aedes Albopictus ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
Culex Pipiens ◽  
Vector Competence ◽  
Experimental Transmission ◽  
Transmission Rates ◽  
Culex Pipiens Pipiens ◽  
Laboratory Colony

Mosquitoes collected in Germany in 2016, including Culex pipiens pipiens biotype pipiens, Culex torrentium and Aedes albopictus, as well as Culex pipiens pipiens biotype molestus (in colony since 2011) were experimentally infected with Zika virus (ZIKV) at 18 °C or 27 °C. None of the Culex taxa showed vector competence for ZIKV. In contrast, Aedes albopictus were susceptible for ZIKV but only at 27 °C, with transmission rates similar to an Aedes aegypti laboratory colony tested in parallel.

scholarly journals Assessing the potential risk of Zika virus epidemics in temperate areas with established Aedes albopictus populations

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (15) ◽  
Author(s):  
Giorgio Guzzetta ◽  
Piero Poletti ◽  
Fabrizio Montarsi ◽  
Frederic Baldacchino ◽  
Gioia Capelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Albopictus ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
Vector Competence ◽  
Basic Reproductive Number ◽  
Reproductive Number ◽  
Epidemic Threshold ◽  
Oceanic Climate ◽  
Mosquito Infection

Based on 2015 abundance of Aedes albopictus in nine northern Italian municipalities with temperate continental/oceanic climate, we estimated the basic reproductive number R0 for Zika virus (ZIKV) to be systematically below the epidemic threshold in most scenarios. Results were sensitive to the value of the probability of mosquito infection after biting a viraemic host. Therefore, further studies are required to improve models and predictions, namely evaluating vector competence and potential non-vector transmissions.

scholarly journals Experimental studies of susceptibility of Italian Aedes albopictus to Zika virus

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (18) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Di Luca ◽  
Francesco Severini ◽  
Luciano Toma ◽  
Daniela Boccolini ◽  
Roberto Romi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Incubation Period ◽  
Aedes Albopictus ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Vector Competence ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Italian Population ◽  
Zikv Infection ◽  
Extrinsic Incubation Period ◽  
Dissemination Rate

We report a study on vector competence of an Italian population of Aedes albopictus for Zika virus (ZIKV). Ae. albopictus was susceptible to ZIKV infection (infection rate: 10%), and the virus could disseminate and was secreted in the mosquito’s saliva (dissemination rate: 29%; transmission rate: 29%) after an extrinsic incubation period of 11 days. The observed vector competence was lower than that of an Ae. aegypti colony tested in parallel.

scholarly journals Impact of extrinsic incubation temperature on natural selection during Zika virus infection of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. e1009433
Author(s):  
Reyes A. Murrieta ◽  
Selene M. Garcia-Luna ◽  
Deedra J. Murrieta ◽  
Gareth Halladay ◽  
Michael C. Young ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Aedes Albopictus ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Vector Competence ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Selective Environment ◽  
Mosquito Infection ◽  
Fluctuating Temperatures

Arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) require replication across a wide range of temperatures to perpetuate. While vertebrate hosts tend to maintain temperatures of approximately 37°C—40°C, arthropods are subject to ambient temperatures which can have a daily fluctuation of > 10°C. Temperatures impact vector competence, extrinsic incubation period, and mosquito survival unimodally, with optimal conditions occurring at some intermediate temperature. In addition, the mean and range of daily temperature fluctuations influence arbovirus perpetuation and vector competence. The impact of temperature on arbovirus genetic diversity during systemic mosquito infection, however, is poorly understood. Therefore, we determined how constant extrinsic incubation temperatures of 25°C, 28°C, 32°C, and 35°C control Zika virus (ZIKV) vector competence and population dynamics within Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes. We also examined fluctuating temperatures which better mimic field conditions in the tropics. We found that vector competence varied in a unimodal manner for constant temperatures peaking between 28°C and 32°C for both Aedes species. Transmission peaked at 10 days post-infection for Aedes aegypti and 14 days for Aedes albopictus. Conversely, fluctuating temperature decreased vector competence. Using RNA-seq to characterize ZIKV population structure, we identified that temperature alters the selective environment in unexpected ways. During mosquito infection, constant temperatures more often elicited positive selection whereas fluctuating temperatures led to strong purifying selection in both Aedes species. These findings demonstrate that temperature has multiple impacts on ZIKV biology, including major effects on the selective environment within mosquitoes.

scholarly journals Impact of extrinsic incubation temperature on natural selection during Zika virus infection of Aedes aegypti

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reyes A. Murrieta ◽  
Selene Garcia-Luna ◽  
Deedra J. Murrieta ◽  
Gareth Halladay ◽  
Michael C. Young ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Positive Selection ◽  
Aedes Albopictus ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
Vector Competence ◽  
Purifying Selection ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Selective Environment ◽  
Mosquito Infection ◽  
Fluctuating Temperatures

AbstractArthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) require replication across a wide range of temperatures to perpetuate. While vertebrate hosts tend to maintain temperatures of approximately 37°C - 40°C, arthropods are subject to ambient temperatures which can have a daily fluctuation of > 10°C. Temperatures impact vector competence, extrinsic incubation period, and mosquito survival unimodally, with optimum occurring at some intermediate temperature. In addition, the mean and range of daily temperature fluctuations influence arbovirus perpetuation and vector competence. The impact of temperature on arbovirus genetic diversity during systemic mosquito infection, however, is poorly understood. Therefore, we determined how constant extrinsic incubation temperatures of 25°C, 28°C, 32°C, and 35°C control Zika virus (ZIKV) vector competence and population dynamics within Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes. We also examined diurnally fluctuating temperatures which more faithfully mimic field conditions in the tropics. We found that vector competence varied in a unimodal manner for constant temperatures peaking between 28°C and 32°C for both Aedes species. Transmission peaked at 10 days post-infection for Aedes aegypti and 14 days for Aedes albopictus. The effect of diurnal temperature was distinct and could not have been predicted from constant temperature-derived data. Using RNA-seq to characterize ZIKV population structure, we identified that temperature alters the selective environment in unexpected ways. During mosquito infection, constant temperatures more often elicited positive selection whereas diurnal temperatures led to strong purifying selection in both Aedes species. These findings demonstrate that temperature has multiple impacts on ZIKV biology within mosquitoes, including major effects on the selective environment within mosquitoes.Author SummaryArthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) have emerged in recent decades due to complex factors that include increases in international travel and trade, the breakdown of public health infrastructure, land use changes, and many other factors. Climate change also has the potential to shift the geographical ranges of arthropod vectors, consequently increasing the global risk of arbovirus infection. Changing temperatures may also alter the virus-host interaction, ultimately resulting in the emergence of new viruses and virus genotypes in new areas. Therefore, we sought to characterize how temperature (both constant and fluctuating) alters the ability of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus to transmit Zika virus, and how it influences virus populations within mosquitoes. We found that intermediate temperatures maximize virus transmission compared to more extreme and fluctuating temperatures. Constant temperatures increased positive selection on virus genomes, while fluctuating temperatures strengthened purifying selection. Our studies provide evidence that in addition to altering VC, temperature significantly influences the selective environment within mosquitoes.

scholarly journals Spondweni virus causes fetal harm in a mouse model of vertical transmission and is transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna S. Jaeger ◽  
Andrea M. Weiler ◽  
Ryan V. Moriarty ◽  
Sierra Rybarczyk ◽  
Shelby L. O’Connor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
Vector Competence ◽  
Test Vector ◽  
Pathogenic Potential ◽  
Vector Specificity

AbstractSpondweni virus (SPONV) is the most closely related known flavivirus to Zika virus (ZIKV). Its pathogenic potential and vector specificity have not been well defined. SPONV has been found predominantly in Africa, but was recently detected in a pool of Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes in Haiti. Here we show that SPONV can cause significant fetal harm, including demise, comparable to ZIKV, in a mouse model of vertical transmission. Following maternal inoculation, we detected infectious SPONV in placentas and fetuses, along with significant fetal and placental histopathology, together indicating vertical transmission. To test vector competence, we exposed Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes to SPONV-infected bloodmeals. Aedes aegypti could efficiently transmit SPONV, whereas Culex quinquefasciatus could not. Our results suggest that SPONV has the same features that made ZIKV a public health risk.

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