scholarly journals Zoonotic Infections Among Employees from Great Smoky Mountains and Rocky Mountain National Parks, 2008–2009

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 922-931 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Adjemian ◽  
Ingrid B. Weber ◽  
Jennifer McQuiston ◽  
Kevin S. Griffith ◽  
Paul S. Mead ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Parks ◽  
Rocky Mountain ◽  
Great Smoky Mountains ◽  
Zoonotic Infections ◽  
Smoky Mountains

Lightning Occurrence and Casualties in U.S. National Parks

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald L. Holle ◽  
William A. Brooks ◽  
Kenneth L. Cummins
Keyword(s):  
National Parks ◽  
National Park ◽  
Grand Canyon ◽  
Rocky Mountain ◽  
Great Smoky Mountains ◽  
Continental Divide ◽  
Lightning Detection ◽  
Smoky Mountains ◽  
Local Topography ◽  
Time Of Year

AbstractNational park visitors travel primarily to view natural features while outdoors, however visits often occur in warmer months when lightning is present. This study uses cloud-to-ground flashes from 1999-2018 and cloud-to-ground strokes from 2009-2018 from the National Lightning Detection Network to identify lightning at the 46 contiguous United States national parks larger than 100 km2. The largest density is 6.10 flashes km-2 y-1 within Florida’s Everglades, and the smallest is near zero in Pinnacles National Park.The six most-visited parks are Great Smoky Mountains, Grand Canyon, Rocky Mountain, Zion, Yosemite, and Yellowstone. For these parks, lightning data are described by frequency, location and time of year and day. The four parks west of the Continental Divide have most lightning from 01 July to 15 September, and 1100 to 1900 LST. Each park has its own spatial lightning pattern dependent on local topography.Deaths and injuries from lightning within national parks have the same summer afternoon dominance shown by lightning data. Most casualties occur to people visiting from outside the parks’ states. The most common activities and locations are mountain climbing, hiking, and viewing canyons from overlooks.Lightning Fatality Risk, the product of areal visitor and CG flash densities, shows that many casualties are not in parks with high Risk, while very small Risk indicates parks where lightning awareness efforts can be minimized. As a result, safety advice should focus on specific locations where lightning-vulnerable activities are engaged by many visitors such as canyon rims, mountains and exposed high-altitude roads.

scholarly journals Spatial Distribution of Tropospheric Ozone in National Parks of California: Interpretation of Passive-Sampler Data

2001 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 483-497 ◽  
Author(s):  
John D. Ray
Keyword(s):  
National Parks ◽  
Rocky Mountain ◽  
Standard Operating Procedure ◽  
Passive Samplers ◽  
Quality Assurance Program ◽  
Spatial Distributions ◽  
Great Smoky Mountains ◽  
Mount Rainier ◽  
Park Service ◽  
Baseline Values

The National Park Service (NPS) has tested and used passive ozone samplers for several years to get baseline values for parks and to determine the spatial variability within parks. Experience has shown that the Ogawa passive samplers can provide ±10% accuracy when used with a quality assurance program consisting of blanks, duplicates, collocated instrumentation, and a standard operating procedure that carefully guides site operators. Although the passive device does not meet EPA criteria as a certified method (mainly, that hourly values be measured), it does provide seasonal summed values of ozone. The seasonal ozone concentrations from the passive devices can be compared to other monitoring to determine baseline values, trends, and spatial variations. This point is illustrated with some kriged interpolation maps of ozone statistics. Passive ozone samplers were used to get elevational gradients and spatial distributions of ozone within a park. This was done in varying degrees at Mount Rainier, Olympic, Sequoia–Kings Canyon, Yosemite, Joshua Tree, Rocky Mountain, and Great Smoky Mountains national parks. The ozone has been found to vary by factors of 2 and 3 within a park when average ozone is compared between locations. Specific examples of the spatial distributions of ozone in three parks within California are given using interpolation maps. Positive aspects and limitations of the passive sampling approach are presented.

Airborne trace elements in Great Smoky Mountains, Olympic, and Glacier National Parks

1985 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cliff I. Davidson ◽  
G. Bruce. Wiersma ◽  
Kenneth W. Brown ◽  
William D. Goold ◽  
Thomas P. Mathison ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
National Parks ◽  
Great Smoky Mountains ◽  
Smoky Mountains

Using Spatial Modeling to Improve Wetland Inventories in Great Smoky Mountains National Park

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 482
Author(s):  
Alix A. Pfennigwerth ◽  
Joshua Albritton ◽  
Troy Evans
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Modeling ◽  
National Park ◽  
Great Smoky Mountains ◽  
Smoky Mountains
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