Vector Competence of Australian Mosquito Species for a North American Strain of West Nile Virus

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 805-812 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cassie C. Jansen ◽  
Cameron E. Webb ◽  
Judith A. Northill ◽  
Scott A. Ritchie ◽  
Richard C. Russell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
North American ◽  
Vector Competence ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
West Nile ◽  
North American Strain ◽  
American Strain

scholarly journals Avian virulence and thermostable replication of the North American strain of West Nile virus

2006 ◽  
Vol 87 (12) ◽  
pp. 3611-3622 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Kinney ◽  
C. Y.-H. Huang ◽  
M. C. Whiteman ◽  
R. A. Bowen ◽  
S. A. Langevin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
North American ◽  
West Nile ◽  
North American Strain ◽  
The North ◽  
American Strain

scholarly journals Epidemiology of West Nile virus in Africa: An underestimated threat

2022 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. e0010075
Author(s):  
Giulia Mencattelli ◽  
Marie Henriette Dior Ndione ◽  
Roberto Rosà ◽  
Giovanni Marini ◽  
Cheikh Tidiane Diagne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Vector Competence ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Reference List ◽  
African Continent ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
Epidemiological Pattern

Background West Nile virus is a mosquito-borne flavivirus which has been posing continuous challenges to public health worldwide due to the identification of new lineages and clades and its ability to invade and establish in an increasing number of countries. Its current distribution, genetic variability, ecology, and epidemiological pattern in the African continent are only partially known despite the general consensus on the urgency to obtain such information for quantifying the actual disease burden in Africa other than to predict future threats at global scale. Methodology and principal findings References were searched in PubMed and Google Scholar electronic databases on January 21, 2020, using selected keywords, without language and date restriction. Additional manual searches of reference list were carried out. Further references have been later added accordingly to experts’ opinion. We included 153 scientific papers published between 1940 and 2021. This review highlights: (i) the co-circulation of WNV-lineages 1, 2, and 8 in the African continent; (ii) the presence of diverse WNV competent vectors in Africa, mainly belonging to the Culex genus; (iii) the lack of vector competence studies for several other mosquito species found naturally infected with WNV in Africa; (iv) the need of more competence studies to be addressed on ticks; (iv) evidence of circulation of WNV among humans, animals and vectors in at least 28 Countries; (v) the lack of knowledge on the epidemiological situation of WNV for 19 Countries and (vii) the importance of carrying out specific serological surveys in order to avoid possible bias on WNV circulation in Africa. Conclusions This study provides the state of art on WNV investigation carried out in Africa, highlighting several knowledge gaps regarding i) the current WNV distribution and genetic diversity, ii) its ecology and transmission chains including the role of different arthropods and vertebrate species as competent reservoirs, and iii) the real disease burden for humans and animals. This review highlights the needs for further research and coordinated surveillance efforts on WNV in Africa.

Vector Competence of North American Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) for West Nile Virus

2001 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 130-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Turell ◽  
Monica L. O’Guinn ◽  
David J. Dohm ◽  
James W. Jones
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
North American ◽  
Vector Competence ◽  
West Nile

scholarly journals Population dynamics of mosquito species in a West Nile virus endemic area in Madagascar

Parasite ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciano Michaël Tantely ◽  
Catherine Cêtre-Sossah ◽  
Tsiriniaina Rakotondranaivo ◽  
Eric Cardinale ◽  
Sébastien Boyer
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Endemic Area ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
West Nile

scholarly journals Interactions with Hosts at Cool Temperatures, Not Cold Tolerance, Explain the Unique Epidemiology of Ralstonia solanacearum Race 3 Biovar 2

2009 ◽  
Vol 99 (10) ◽  
pp. 1127-1134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annett Milling ◽  
Fanhong Meng ◽  
Timothy P. Denny ◽  
Caitilyn Allen
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Ralstonia Solanacearum ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Plant Host ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
North American Strain ◽  
Tropical Highlands ◽  
American Strain ◽  
Warm Temperate

Most strains of the bacterial wilt pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum are tropical, but race 3 biovar 2 (R3bv2) strains can attack plants in temperate zones and tropical highlands. The basis of this distinctive ecological trait is not understood. We compared the survival of tropical, R3bv2, and warm-temperate North American strains of R. solanacearum under different conditions. In water at 4°C, North American strains remained culturable the longest (up to 90 days), whereas tropical strains remained culturable for the shortest time (≈40 days). However, live/dead staining indicated that cells of representative strains remained viable for >160 days. In contrast, inside potato tubers, R3bv2 strain UW551 survived >4 months at 4°C, whereas North American strain K60 and tropical strain GMI1000 were undetectable after <70 days in tubers. GMI1000 and UW551 grew similarly in minimal medium at 20 and 28°C and, although both strains wilted tomato plants rapidly at 28°C, UW551 was much more virulent at 20°C, killing all inoculated plants under conditions where GMI100 killed just over half. Thus, differences among the strains in the absence of a plant host were not predictive of their behavior in planta at cooler temperatures. These data indicate that interaction with plants is required for expression of the temperate epidemiological trait of R3bv2.

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