scholarly journals Telemedical Cervical Cancer Screening to Bridge Medicaid Service Care Gap for Rural Women

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 403-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilbur C. Hitt ◽  
Gordon Low ◽  
Tommy Mac Bird ◽  
Rachel Ott
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Cervical Cancer Screening ◽  
Rural Women ◽  
Care Gap ◽  
Medicaid Service

scholarly journals CERVICAL CANCER SCREENING IN RURAL WOMEN POPULATION OF LUCKNOW WEST, INDIA: PROBLEMS AND BENEFITS

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-246
Author(s):  
J. S. Misra ◽  
A. N. Srivastava ◽  
Shivani Singh
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Cervical Cancer Screening ◽  
Rural Women ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Early Marriage ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Major Health Problem

Carcinoma cervix is a major health problem faced by Indian women and situation is very alarming in rural population because of illiteracy and poverty. There is urgent need of creating awareness regarding the risk factors of cervical cancer such as early marriage and multiparity in the rural women and the importance of early detection of the cervical cancer. With aim for providing single life time Pap smear cover to the rural women, cervical cancer screening program was initiated in May 2013 by Era's Lucknow, Medical College and Hospital, Lucknow, through organizing camps in the villages of Lucknow ,west. Till December 2019, a total of 183 camps have been organized and 5209 women attended these camps (28.5%). Pap smear examination could be done in only 2912 women (55.9%). The incidence of squamous intraepithelial lesions of cervix (SIL) was found to be very high in these women (17.1%) though majority of SIL were of low grade (LSIL). This may be related to the poor personal genital hygiene prevailing in rural women due to illiteracy. In the present review, the SIL incidence has been extensively analyzed in relation to different predisposing factors of cervical carcinogenesis and problems faced during camp organization and the benefits derived from these camps to rural women have been highlighted.

scholarly journals Knowledge and beliefs regarding cervical cancer screening and HPV vaccination among urban and rural women in León, Nicaragua

PeerJ ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. e3871 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah D. Rees ◽  
Alexandra R. Lombardo ◽  
Caroline G. Tangoren ◽  
Sara J. Meyers ◽  
Vishnu R. Muppala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Cervical Cancer Screening ◽  
Rural Women ◽  
Hpv Vaccine ◽  
Cervical Cancer Prevention ◽  
Health Centers ◽  
Pap Smears ◽  
Immunization Program ◽  
Knowledge And Beliefs

Background In Nicaragua, cervical cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death for women ages 15–44, yet access to the HPV vaccine is limited to those with financial resources to pay for it. Cervical cytology is provided free of charge in public clinics; however, only 10% of women receive Pap smears at the nationally recommended frequency. Previous studies have not investigated how beliefs regarding cervical cancer screening may differ for urban and rural populations in Nicaragua. Furthermore, no investigation has assessed Nicaraguan women’s beliefs about a potential HPV immunization campaign. Given beliefs’ influence on health behavior, we investigated the structural, sociocultural, and knowledge-based factors influencing women’s beliefs regarding cervical cancer screening among urban and rural women in León, Nicaragua, and assessed acceptance of a potential HPV immunization program. Methods Our sequential explanatory mixed-methods study consisted of two phases: (1) a close-ended questionnaire, followed by (2) a qualitative, in-depth interview. Our quantitative sample contained 117 urban and 112 rural participants aged 18–49. We assessed beliefs regarding cervical cancer screening using a 22-item scale, with higher scores indicating screening-promoting beliefs in simple linear and multiple linear regressions. Twenty qualitative interviews, exploring the sociocultural dimensions of knowledge and attitudes indicated by our quantitative findings, were conducted with a sample of 13 urban and 7 rural women aged 19–46. Results The multiple linear regression indicates that greater knowledge of Pap smears, HPV, and cervical cancer is significantly associated with screening-promoting beliefs after adjusting for other relevant factors. There was no significant difference in screening knowledge and beliefs for urban and rural women. Four recurrent themes representing determinants of knowledge, beliefs, and attitudes regarding cervical cancer screening arose from interviews and built on quantitative findings: (1) women’s embarrassment due to the intimate nature of the Pap smear and male gender of exam provider discourages screening; (2) women believe Pap smears and cervical cancer are associated with sexual promiscuity, and this association stigmatizes women with the disease; (3) knowledge of cervical cancer prevention is limited to those who regularly attend health centers; and (4) women find screening inconvenient, believing understaffed clinics increase patient wait time, limit time patients spend with clinicians, and delay Pap results. A fifth theme indicates (5) participants’ acceptance of a potential HPV immunization program. Discussion Future interventions should focus on increasing access to information about cervical cancer prevention for women who do not regularly attend health centers. Furthermore, our results suggest that if funding were allocated to make the HPV vaccine accessible in Nicaragua, it would be well received.

scholarly journals Barriers to cervical cancer screening among rural women in eastern China: a qualitative study

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. e026413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huan Yang ◽  
Shun-Ping Li ◽  
Qing Chen ◽  
Christopher Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Cervical Cancer Screening ◽  
Rural Women ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Knowledge Gaps ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Incidence And Mortality

ObjectivesTo explore barriers to free cervical cancer screening among rural women in China from the perspective of women, healthcare providers and women’s husbands to inform intervention planning.DesignA qualitative study framed around potential policy and practice options, drawing on the concepts of descriptive phenomenology and implementation research.SettingThis study was carried out at township level within two counties in Jining Prefecture of eastern China.Participants and data collectionSemi-structured in-depth interviews with 21 women and five healthcare providers, focus group discussions with nine healthcare providers and key informant interviews with four husbands of women eligible for screening.ResultsThematic analysis generated five major themes: (1) gaps in knowledge of cervical cancer and health awareness, (2) fear of cancer and screening outcomes, (3) cultural barriers including reticence for intimate examinations, (4) influence of close contacts on screening decisions and (5) inconvenience. These demonstrate key knowledge gaps challenging current community health education. Important barriers, including fear of treatment cost and the time needed for screening, were also raised.ConclusionOur study details important barriers to cervical cancer screening relating to knowledge gaps, attitudes of fear or embarrassment and the role of contacts and service models. These provide data for policy and planning to improve the screening that will decrease the incidence and mortality rates of cervical cancer in China.

scholarly journals Barriers to the Uptake of Cervical Cancer Screening and Treatment among Rural Women in Ghana

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charity Binka ◽  
Samuel H. Nyarko ◽  
Kofi Awusabo-Asare ◽  
David T. Doku
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Cervical Cancer Screening ◽  
Rural Women ◽  
Belief System ◽  
R Package ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Low Level ◽  
The North ◽  
The Individual

Background. This study sought to explore the barriers to the uptake of cervical cancer screening and treatment in the North Tongu district of Ghana. Methods. Twenty-five in-depth interviews were conducted, while three focus group discussions were held among respondents. The data were analysed with the R package for qualitative data analysis using a thematic analytical approach. Results. Low level of knowledge about the disease and screening services, personal or psychological convictions, and cost of screening and treatment coupled with a low level of income were the barriers at the individual level. Perceived health personnel attitude, perceived lack of privacy, and misdiagnosis were the barriers at the institutional level while the sociocultural belief system of the communities about the etiology of the disease was the barrier at the community level. Inadequate education about the disease, lack of funding and access to screening facilities also constrained screening and treatment at the policy level. Conclusions. Cervical cancer screening and treatment are constrained at multiple levels in rural Ghana. This study underscores the need to address the low uptake of cervical cancer screening and treatment at the individual, community, institutional, and policy levels simultaneously.

Our seven years experience of rural cervical cancer screening in Lucknow, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 150-157
Author(s):  
Jata Shanker Misra ◽  
Anand Narain Srivastava ◽  
Shivani Singh
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Cervical Cancer Screening ◽  
Rural Women ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Carcinoma Cervix ◽  
Adequate Treatment ◽  
Screening Programs

This study was undertaken with aim to create awareness among rural women regarding hazards and risk factors of carcinoma cervix and offering single life time cytological screening for early detection of the disease. This was essential as majority of the rural women were illiterate and have poor personal genital hygiene. The present screening program was planned through organizing camps by counseling and motivating 100 women from each village for undergoing Pap smear examination. During last 7 years, a total of 186 camps have been organized in three Blocks of Lucknow, India and 2949 of the 5286 women attending the camps underwent Pap test. Cytological findings were analyzed in these 2949 women in relation to different risk factors of the disease.The squamous intraepithelial lesions of cervix (SIL) were seen in 498 cases (16.8%) while atypical squamous epithelial changes of unknown significance (ASCUS) were observed in only 234 (8.2%). The SIL incidence was found high for all risk factors of cervical cancer like young age, multiparity and vaginal discharge. Candida albicans was found more common and associated with inflammatory and SIL conditions of cervix.The organization of rural cervical cancer screening programs through camp approach and offering single life time cytological examination of cervical smears in rural women may prove very effective in the detection of large number of SIL cases, the adequate treatment of which will check the progression of the disease and minimize the incidence of carcinoma cervix and associated mortality in rural India.

scholarly journals Awareness and practices of cervical cancer screening among women in Rajnandgaon district, central India: health education is the need of the hour

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 1266
Author(s):  
Meena Armo ◽  
Vimal Khunte ◽  
Siddhi Sainik ◽  
Rohini Kanniga G. ◽  
Nandani Jatwar
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Health Education ◽  
Cervical Cancer Screening ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Rural Women ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Effective Measure

Background: Cervical cancer is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among rural women in India. Early screening has been shown to be the most effective measure to prevent the disease. However, lack of awareness, lack of infrastructure, social stigma and fear are barriers to cervical cancer screening. The study was undertaken to assess the knowledge and practice among rural women regarding cervical cancer and screening tests with the aim of helping health professionals to revise policies and practices.Methods: It was a cross-sectional questionnaire-based study, conducted from January 2018 to September 2018 in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Government Medical College Rajnandgaon. A tertiary care hospital located in the southwest Chhattisgarh. A total of 506 women aged 21-65 years were included and assessed. Qualitative data were presented as frequencies and percentages by using SPSS version 21.Results: Of the total 506 respondents, 15.41 % had heard of cervical cancer, while 8.1% about cervical cancer screening. Unfortunately, only 1.2% women were ever been screened by Pap test. Although importance of screening had been thoroughly explained to the respondents, despite the fact only 57.1% showed willingness to undergo cervical cancer screening in the future. However, 63.9%women having gynecological complains were significantly associated with better attitude towards future cervical cancer screening than women without having gynaecological complains.Conclusions: Awareness and practice of the screening for cervical cancer was very poor in the rural population as well as in health care providers. Hence intensive health education is the need of the hour to change the scenario.

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