NHS Direct Telephone Helpline: Frequency of Use over Time and by Age and Gender in an Outpatient Population

2009 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew J. Larner
Keyword(s):  
Age And Gender ◽  
Telephone Helpline ◽  
Frequency Of Use ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Nhs Direct ◽  
Over Time

scholarly journals Adverbial intensifiers in contemporary Polish and Slovak

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-72
Author(s):  
Sylwia Sojda
Keyword(s):  
Complex Phenomenon ◽  
Speech Community ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Slavic Languages ◽  
Original Meaning ◽  
Frequency Of Use ◽  
Activity State ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Open Class ◽  
Over Time

Abstract The paper discusses the intensifying functions of some lexical units derived from adverbs in a cross-linguistic Polish-Slovak perspective. The expression of intensification in Polish and Slovak has not been widely explored, which is why the present paper aims to point out a few aspects of this phenomenon in two closely related Slavic languages, which may contribute to help fill this gap. Intensification is without doubt a very interesting, pervasive and complex phenomenon in linguistics and is understood here as the process of quantitative change of a feature, activity or state. That change refers to the increase and decrease in intensity of a feature/activity/state according to an approved canon. The components of the category of intensification are therefore both, intensifying and deintensifying. Therefore, it is also postulated that a class of intensifiers/deintensifiers should be distinguished as means of intensification/deintensification. Intensifiers have also been a long fruitful topic of investigation in sociolinguistic research: on one hand intensification systems are unstable and tend to change rapidly in any speech community and on the other, the use of intensifiers tends to vary across demographic categories, especially age and gender. Intensification can also be researched due to ‘delexicalization’, which is defined as the reduction of the independent lexical contents of a word, or group of words, so that it comes to fulfil a particular function – the original meaning of the word is gradually lost as it evolves into a marker of intensification. The paper aims also to show that the more delexicalized an intensifier becomes, the more it will lose its lexical restrictions and increase in frequency. Through frequency of use and over time, intensifiers tend to lose their intensifying force and the renewal process occurs. This process promotes other adverbs, be they newly created adverbs or already existing ones, to the rank of intensifiers – it seems that the class of intensifiers may be an open class. The undertaken analysis has shown that there are a number of aspects which can be considered while describing intensifiers.

P0824QUALITY OF LIFE (QOL) DURING THE COURSE OF CKD: A LONGITUDINAL STUDY

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (Supplement_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Graziella D'arrigo ◽  
Carmela Marino ◽  
Daniela Leonardis ◽  
Patrizia Pizzini ◽  
Graziella Caridi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Mental Component Score ◽  
Physical Component Score ◽  
Ckd Progression ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Component Score ◽  
Specific Risk ◽  
Human Cost ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Background and Aims Measuring QoL in CKD patients is fundamental to estimate the human cost of chronic diseases and to assess the effect of treatments. Non-medical factors play an important role in CKD progression and QoL. However, there is very limited information on the evolution of QoL over time in CKD patients and it remains unclear whether traditional and CKD specific risk factors are implicated QoL in CKD patients over CKD progression. Method We studied a cohort of 582 stage 2-5 CKD patients (age: 61±12 years; M: 60%, diabetics: 33%) and measured QoL by the short form of the Rand corporation questionnaire (SF36), an instrument which measures eight domains of QoL (physical functioning, role physical health, energy fatigue, pain, role emotional problem, emotional well-being, social function, and general health] and two summary scores, (the physical component score and the mental component score) which are calculated by a well validated algorithm (Taft C et al, 2001, Quality of life research). In all patients the SF36 was administered at enrolment and after one (489 patients), two (n=434) and three (n=287) years. The evolution of SF36 dimensions over-time and the predictors of SF36 changes were analyzed by the Linear Mixed Model (LMM). Results At baseline the median value of the Physical Component Score (PCS) was 43.7 (Interquartile range: 34.0-50.3) and the Mental Component Score (MCS) was 46.3 (37-52.9) and on average did not change over the 3 years follow up [median PCS at the 3rd year: . 46.3 (35.7-52.0), median MCS at the 3rd year 43 (33.6-50.6)]. On average the GFR at baseline was 36±13 ml/min/1.73 m2 and declined to 34±17 ml/min/1.73m2 at the 3rd year. On detailed longitudinal analysis by the LMM the PCS associated with the evolution of the GFR over time (beta=0.10; 95% CI from 0.06 to 0.13; P<0.001). Adjustment for time (0,1,2,3 years), age and gender did not materially modify such an association (beta=0.09; 95%CI from 0.06 to 0.13, p<0.001) while further adjustment for traditional (Systolic BP, diabetes, smoking, cholesterol), BMI, CV comorbidities and CKD specific (hemoglobin, albumin, calcium, phosphate) risk factors attenuated but did not cancel out the PCS-GFR link (beta=0.05, 95%CI 0.006 to 0.093, P=0.03). This finding suggests that the PCS-GFR link is either largely confounded or mediated by these risk factors but that the same risk factors do not explain in full the same link . The MCS – GFR association was weaker (beta=0.05, 95%CI from 0.008 to 0.09; P=0.02) than the PCS-GFR relationship, became non significant after simple adjustment for time, age and gender (beta=0.04 ; 95%CI -0.003 to 0.08; P=0.07) and was nullified after full adjustment (beta=-0.01; 95%CI -0.07 to 0.04; P=0.59) for the same risk factors. Conclusion The PCS and the MCS remain stable over the course of CKD but appear associated with the evolution of the GFR over time. Traditional and CKD specific risk factors substantially confound and/ or mediate these associations.

scholarly journals Non-Standard Typography Use Over Time: Signs of a Lack of Literacy or Symbolic Capital?

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Asta Zelenkauskaite ◽  
Amy L. Gonzales
Keyword(s):  
Expressive Writing ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Text Message ◽  
Symbolic Capital ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Education Levels ◽  
Socio Economic Variables ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Over Time

New technologies have provoked a debate regarding the role of non-standard typography (e.g. !!!, :-*). Some contend that new technologies undermine literacy while others state that new technologies provide new spaces for expressive writing and signal a form of symbolic capital. While previous research has primarily focused on age and gender to account for non-standard typography, we analyze socio-economic variables – education and income level and the use of NST over time. This study entertains these two competing hypotheses by analyzing non-standard typography in text message exchanges over three and a half months in an underprivileged population: people living in an urban public housing. Data reveal that, within this sample, use of NST increased over time and participants with higher education levels were more likely to use non-standard typography than less educated counterparts. Experience with texting was found to mediate this effect. Findings support a symbolic capital hypothesis of non-standard typography use, suggesting NST is not associated with stigmatizing lack of knowledge or literacy, but rather may signal the knowledge of discourse norms ascribed to texting in a community.

Social Formations Analysis

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bradley E. Ensor
Keyword(s):  
Social Change ◽  
Single Mode ◽  
Complex Class ◽  
Social Formation ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Multiple Contexts ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gendered Agency ◽  
Over Time

Gender relations and human agency are central to today’s dominant archaeological thought on social change. This chapter argues that Marxist analyses are appropriate for characterizing both class and gender relationships: the structural contexts for agency. However, the routine interpretation of a single mode of production for a group or population suggests only one type of social relation of production with only one social contradiction, which glosses over what are arguably more complex class and/or gender dynamics. Therefore, a social formations perspective is advocated whereby archaeologists can interpret multiple articulating modes or forms of production that create multiple contradictions and contexts structuring the possibilities for agency. In a case study on the prehispanic Chontal Maya, the framework identifies diverse contradictions within and among classes and genders in a tributary social formation having articulating forms of tributary and kinship modes. In another case study on the early Hohokam, the analysis leads to inferences on multiple age and gender contradictions within a social formation comprising articulating forms of the kinship mode, which suggests gendered agency altered relationships over time. The interpretations illustrate the framework’s capacity to identify multiple contexts for negotiating contradictions that better characterize the dynamic, complex lives of past peoples.

Abstract 11: Temporal Changes in NIHSS Documentation and Stroke Severity among Patients Treated with Thrombolysis in the Massachusetts Coverdell Registry

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee Schwamm ◽  
Gabrielle Parkinson ◽  
Laura Coe
Keyword(s):  
Stroke Severity ◽  
Vascular Risk ◽  
Rapid Improvement ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Persistent Symptoms ◽  
Discharge Home ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Iv Tpa

Intro: IV tPA use has increased since the 2009 US guidelines recommended extending the window to 4.5 hr. The most common reasons for nontreatment are rapid improvement of stroke symptoms (RISS) and stroke “Too Mild”. We evaluated the NIHSS profile and outcomes over time in Massachusetts Coverdell patients receiving IV tPA, or not treated due to RISS and Too Mild. Methods: All adults >18 yr arriving at a MA Coverdell hospital < 4.5 hr from time last known well with a diagnosis of ischemic stroke or TIA (with persistent symptoms) were included (n=10,433). We compared rates of NIHSS documentation, median NIHSS, and discharge home between 11/09-10/10 (Year 1, n=2,573) vs. 11/12-10/13 (Year 4, n=2,658) among All, IV tPA, RISS, and Too Mild patients. Ordinal variables were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis and proportions by Chi square, and odds ratio of discharge home was adjusted for NIHSS, age, and gender. NIHSS was missing in 20% of cases. Results: The two cohorts were similar by gender and vascular risk factors, except for age, HTN and dyslipidemia. IV tPA use within 4.5 hr of onset increased (19% vs. 25%, p<.0001) as did the documentation of an NIHSS among All patients (68% vs. 87%, p<.0001), IV tPA (86% vs. 97%, p<.0001), RISS (70% vs. 89%, p<.0001) and Too Mild (75% vs. 92%, p<.0001). Rates of RISS (27% vs. 26%) and Too Mild (19 vs. 22%) did not decrease but median NIHSS decreased over time among the IV tPA and Too Mild (Figure). Unadjusted rates of discharge home increased for IV tPA (25% vs. 31%, p=0.004), and for All (36% vs. 45%), RISS (51% vs. 63%), and Too Mild (52% vs. 67%; all comparisons, p<.0001). In multivariate analysis, discharge home increased among All (OR 1.9; 95%CI 1.6-2.2); RISS (2.2; 1.7-2.9) and Too Mild (2.4; 1.8-3.4) but not IV tPA (1.1, 0.8-1.6). Discussion: IV tPA use in MA Coverdell patients is increasing and now reaches 25% of all early arriving subjects. NIHSS documentation is increasing as well, especially among subjects with lower NIHSS scores. The median NIHSS in RISS or Too Mild patients is reassuringly low, and decreased significantly among Too Mild patients. These data, coupled with the fact that unadjusted rates of discharge home among IV tPA patients are increasing while severity-adjusted rates are not, suggests that more patients previously felt to be Too Mild are now receiving IV tPA. Further efforts are still warranted.

Effects of Aging and Gender on Interhemispheric Function

2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 246-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teri James Bellis ◽  
Laura Ann Wilber
Keyword(s):  
Corpus Callosum ◽  
Life Span ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Interhemispheric Transfer ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Age Related ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Aging Adults ◽  
Over Time

The ability of the two hemispheres of the brain to communicate with one another via the corpus callosum is important for a wide variety of sensory, motor, and cognitive functions, many of them communication related. Anatomical evidence suggests that aging results in structural changes in the corpus callosum and that the course over time of age-related changes in corpus callosum structure may depend on the gender of the individual. Further, it has been hypothesized that age- and gender-related changes in corpus callosum structure may result in concomitant decreased performance on tasks that are reliant on interhemispheric integrity. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of age and gender on auditory behavioral and visuomotor temporal indices of interhemispheric function across the life span of the normal adult. Results from 120 consistently right-handed adults from age 20 to 75 years revealed that interhemispheric integrity, as measured by dichotic listening, auditory temporal patterning, and visuomotor interhemispheric transfer time tasks, decreases relatively early in the adult life span (i.e., between the ages of 40 and 55 years) and shows no further decrease thereafter. In addition, the course over time of interhemispheric decline is different for men compared to women for some tasks. These findings suggest that decreased interhemispheric function may be a possible factor contributing to auditory and communication difficulties experienced by aging adults. In addition, results of this study hold implications for the clinical assessment of interhemispheric function in aging adults and for future research into the functional ramifications of decreased multimodality interhemispheric transfer.

scholarly journals Development of equations for converting random-zero to automated oscillometric blood pressure values

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 146
Author(s):  
Li Yan ◽  
Xiaoxiao Wen ◽  
Alan R. Dyer ◽  
Haiyan Chen ◽  
Long Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Blood Pressure Measurement ◽  
The Other ◽  
Pressure Measurements ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Several Variables ◽  
Oscillometric Device ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Over Time

Background: This study aimed to collect data to compare blood pressure values between random-zero sphygmomanometers and automated oscillometric devices and generate equations to convert blood pressure values from one device to the other. Methods: Omron HEM-907, a widely used automated oscillometric device in many epidemiologic surveys and cohort studies, was compared here with random-zero sphygmomanometers. In total, 201 participants aged 40-79 years (37% men) were enrolled and randomly assigned to one of two groups, with blood pressure measurement first taken by automated oscillometric devices or by random-zero sphygmomanometers. The study design enabled comparisons of blood pressure values between random-zero sphygmomanometers and two modes of this automated oscillometric device (automated and manual), and assessment of effects of measurement order on blood pressure values. Results: Among all participants, mean blood pressure levels were the lowest when measured with random-zero sphygmomanometers compared with both modes of automated oscillometric devices. Several variables, including age and gender, were found to contribute to the blood pressure differences between random-zero sphygmomanometers and automated oscillometric devices. Equations were developed using multiple linear regression after taking those variables into account to convert blood pressure values by random-zero sphygmomanometers to automated oscillometric devices. Conclusions: Equations developed in this study could be used to compare blood pressure values between epidemiologic and clinical studies or identify shift of blood pressure distribution over time using different devices for blood pressure measurements.

scholarly journals Academic Labour Markets: Perspectives from Ontario

1994 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-71
Author(s):  
Gerald Rosenblum ◽  
Barbara Rubin Rosenblum
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Labour Markets ◽  
Market Segments ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Market Location ◽  
Statistics Canada ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The University ◽  
Canada Data ◽  
Over Time

Segmented labour market thinking is utilized, as are working definitions of internal and external labour markets relative to the university as employing organization, in a study of the deployment of instructional staff at one mid-sized Ontario university. Specific categories of students are found to be dispropor- tionately served by members of one or another of these market segments. Pronounced differences are discerned with respect to age and gender relative to labour market location. Statistics Canada data are utilized to demonstrate wide variations in the use of external labour market instructors over time within and between universities. Implications are discussed.

Abstract 145: Is the Rate of Ischemic Stroke Incidence Changing Differentially Over Time for Women and Men?

Stroke ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane C Khoury ◽  
Brett Kissela ◽  
Heidi Sucharew ◽  
Kathleen Alwell ◽  
Charles Moomaw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Stroke Incidence ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Stroke Prevalence ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gender Specific ◽  
Over Time

Background: A surge of midlife (age 55-64 years) stroke in women, and not in men, has previously been reported using prevalence data from NHANES. However it is not clear if this same finding would be seen within age- and gender-specific incidence rates of stroke. We sought to examine the incidence of ischemic (IS) stroke and the gender-specific trends over time in a population-based study of stroke epidemiology. Methods: Data from the population-based Greater Cincinnati and Northern Kentucky epidemiology of stroke study for adults (≥ 20 years) was used from three collection periods; 7/1993 to 6/1994, 1999, and 2005. We compared the IS stroke incidence rates in women versus men between the three study periods, in particular for the ages 35 to 65 years. Sex specific age, and race adjusted incidence rates and race adjusted, age and gender specific incidence rates were estimated and adjusted to the 2000 US population. Results: A total of 5166 incident IS strokes were identified: 1709 from 7/1993 to 6/1994, 1778 from 1999, and 1679 from 2005. These were 56% female, 18% black; mean age was 71.4 (13.7) years. Overall, IS stroke incidence declined in both women and men in 2005 compared to the previous time periods (p<0.01). However, there was a significant increase over time in stroke incidence seen in both men and women in the younger age groups in 2005, compared with 1993/94 (p<0.05). Conclusions: We found that stroke incidence is not changing differently over time for men and women. There has been an increase in IS stroke incidence in the young, but this is found in both men and women. The previously reported “surge” in middle-aged stroke prevalence may be related in part to increased rates of stroke in the young, with survival to middle-age, but our incidence findings do not explain the reported difference in prevalence found between women and men in the NHANES cohort.

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