Implementation of World Health Organization Guidelines in the Prevention of Surgical Site Infection in Low- and Middle-Income Countries:What We Know and Do Not Know

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 592-598
Author(s):  
Kemal Rasa ◽  
Claire Kilpatrick
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Site Infection ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
World Health ◽  
Site Infection ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Low And Middle Income

scholarly journals Tobacco Control in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Changing the Present to Help the Future

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 187-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bethany Hipple Walters ◽  
Ionela Petrea ◽  
Harry Lando
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
World Health ◽  
Second Hand Smoke ◽  
Vulnerable Children ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
The Past ◽  
Second Hand Smoke Exposure ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Low And Middle Income

While the global smoking rate has dropped in the past 30 years (from 41.2% of men in 1980 to 31.1% in 2012 and from 10.6% of women in 1980 to 6.2% in 2012), the number of tobacco smokers has increased due to population growth (Ng et al., 2014). This tobacco use and second-hand smoke exposure continue to harm people worldwide. Those harmed are often vulnerable: children, those living in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), those with existing diseases, etc. As noted by the World Health Organization (WHO), nearly 80% of those who smoke live in a LMIC (World Health Organization, 2017). Furthermore, it is often those who are more socio-economically disadvantaged or less educated in LMICs that are exposed to second-hand smoke at home and work (Nazar, Lee, Arora, & Millett, 2015).

scholarly journals Collaboration between traditional healers and psychiatrists in Sudan

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 71-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. Sorketti ◽  
N. Z. Zuraida ◽  
M. H. Habil
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Belief System ◽  
Psychosocial Problems ◽  
Traditional Healers ◽  
World Health ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Low And Middle Income

The importance of traditional healing in low- and middle-income countries cannot be under estimated. It is generally perceived as part of the prevailing belief system and traditional healers are often seen as the primary agents for psychosocial problems in these countries; estimates of their service share range from 45% to 60% (World Health Organization, 1992). The World Health Organization (2000) estimated that 80% of people living in rural areas in low- and middle-income countries depend on traditional medicine for their health needs.

scholarly journals Application of Surgical Safety Checklist in Operating Theatre at Al-Kindy Teaching Hospital

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 64-70
Author(s):  
Laith N. Hindosh
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Site Infection ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Low Income ◽  
World Health ◽  
Site Infection ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Surgical Safety Checklist ◽  
Surgical Safety ◽  
Health Organization

Background: A core set of checks have been incorporated into World Health Organization (WHO) WHO surgical safety checklist.  Lack of access to basic surgical care remains a major concern in low-income settings. Objective: We use a WHO surgical safety checklist items to improve team communication and cooperation to help in reduction of morbidity and mortality of surgical procedures. Methods: This is a prospective study involving 300 patients after applying the 19 items of the surgical safety checklist with different types of operations had been operated in the surgical theater at Al-Kindy Teaching Hospital during the period 1st of September 2016 until 1st of March 2017. We follow up the patients until 30 days after surgical intervention. Results: After applying  the 19 items of surgical  safety checklist, the risk of the  surgical site infection, respiratory complications, retained gauze and risk of  blood loss [14% , 4.6% , 1.3% , and 2%  respectively] was comparable to  the results of the World  Health Organization.  Using the pulse oximetry in 94 % and site marked in 65.3%.  In 64.6% of patients received antibiotic prophylaxis in which just 4 % developed surgical site infection [SSI], while in extended regime 36.67% there is 10% developed SSI. No mortality reported during collection of the data.  Conclusions: The surgical safety checklist is a simple method, and there is evidence for its effectiveness in reducing complications in clinical use. WHO recommends use of the checklist in all surgical operations and encourages clinicians to modify the list for different specialties and hospitals.  

scholarly journals Differential outcome of schizophrenia: where we are and where we would like to be

2011 ◽  
Vol 199 (3) ◽  
pp. 173-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oye Gureje ◽  
Alex Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
High Income ◽  
World Health ◽  
Differential Outcome ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Low And Middle Income

SummaryStudies examining comparative outcomes of schizophrenia in high-income countries with those in low- and middle-income countries remain of interest to researchers and may be of value in understanding some environmental factors that influence the course and outcome of the disorder. The view that the disorder has a better outcome in low- and middle-income countries compared with high-income countries, even though widespread and supported by a set of World Health Organization (WHO) studies, requires further testing and exploration. Unfortunately, although not insurmountable, the obstacles for such studies both in terms of implementation and interpretation are considerable.

World Health Organization Responds to Concerns about Surgical Site Infection Prevention Recommendations

2018 ◽  
Vol 128 (1) ◽  
pp. 221-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Solomkin ◽  
Matthias Egger ◽  
Stijn de Jonge ◽  
Asad Latif ◽  
Yoon K. Loke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Site Infection ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Infection Prevention ◽  
World Health ◽  
Site Infection ◽  
Health Organization
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