Human Embryonic Stem Cells Are Prone to Generate Primitive, Undifferentiated Tumors in Engrafted Human Fetal Tissues in Severe Combined Immunodeficient Mice

2007 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 893-902 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chu-Chih Shih ◽  
Stephen J. Forman ◽  
Peiguo Chu ◽  
Marilyn Slovak
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Human Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Immunodeficient Mice ◽  
Fetal Tissues ◽  
Undifferentiated Tumors ◽  
Human Fetal Tissues

Organized Development from Human Embryonic Stem Cells after Injection into Immunodeficient Mice

2004 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 421-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karin Gertow ◽  
Susanne Wolbank ◽  
Björn Rozell ◽  
Rachael Sugars ◽  
Michael Andäng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Human Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Immunodeficient Mice

Hematopoietic Development from Human Embryonic Stem Cells

Hematology ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 2007 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mickie Bhatia
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Fate ◽  
Human Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Self Renewal ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Immunodeficient Mice ◽  
Cell Based Therapy

Abstract The most common human cell-based therapy applied today is hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation. HSCs can be defined by two essential properties: self-renewal and multilineage hematopoietic differentiation. These combined HSC properties allow them to differentiate into all blood cell types (multilineage) in a sustained manner for the lifetime of the animal, which requires their ability to make cellular copies of themselves (self-renewal). These features can be tested by transplantation from donor to recipient and provide a functional basis to define and identify HSCs. Currently, human bone marrow (BM), mobilized peripheral blood, and umbilical cord blood (CB) represent the major sources of transplantable HSCs, but their availability for use is limited by both quantity and compatibility. Although increasing evidence suggests that somatic HSCs can be expanded to meet current needs, their in vivo potential is concomitantly compromised after ex vivo culture. Pluripotent human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) may provide an alternative. hESCs possess indefinite proliferative capacity in vitro, and have been shown to differentiate into the hematopoietic cell fate, giving rise to erythroid, myeloid, and lymphoid lineages using a variety of differentiation procedures. In most cases, hESC-derived hematopoietic cells show similar clonogenic progenitor capacity and primitive phenotype to somatic sources of hematopoietic progenitors, but possess limited in vivo repopulating capacity when transplanted into immunodeficient mice. Although this suggests HSC function can be derived from hESCs, the efficiency and quality of these cells must be characterized using surrogate models for potential clinical applications.

scholarly journals Subcutaneous DL Technique Has Proven To Be an Adequate Host for Human Embryonic Stem Cells

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-03
Author(s):  
Ampati Srinivas ◽  
Kokkula Pavan Kumar ◽  
Prasad Garrepally
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Human Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Immunodeficient Mice ◽  
Cellular Transplantation ◽  
New Strategy ◽  
Cystic Changes ◽  
A New Technique

Islet transplantation has become an important treatment modality for Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM); nonetheless, the procedure may be limited by donor availability. An alternative has been the increasing use of cellular therapies derived from human Embryonic Stem Cells (hESC), showing very promising results in maturation, yield and ultimately, in insulin secretion in response to adequate stimuli. We recently developed a new technique for cellular transplantation under the skin. This manuscript evaluates the capabilities of the pre-vascularized Device-Less (DL) site to allow transplantation of Pancreatic Endoderm (PE) cells differentiated from hESC to treat diabetes mellitus. Fifty immunodeficient mice, n = 25 diabetic and n = 25 non-diabetic, were transplanted with PE cells. Animals were followed for 22 weeks and grafts were retrieved to evaluate engraftment and subsequent maturation. Diabetic mice showed slightly better engraftment (48% vs. 36%, p = 0.19) and secreted higher concentration of human C-peptide upon glucose stimulation (0.32 ± 0.15 ng/mL vs. 0.13 ± 0.09 ng/mL, p = 0.30), although differences were not significant. This maturation was not sufficient to successfully reverse diabetes. Monomorphic cystic changes were detected in 12% and 8%, respectively (diabetics vs. non-diabetics, p = 0.32) and all grafts seemed to be adequately contained by the surrounding collagen wall within the DL space. Our findings support the capabilities of the DL site to host PE cells and allow safe maturation as a new strategy to treat diabetes.

scholarly journals Generation of pulmonary neuroendocrine cells and SCLC-like tumors from human embryonic stem cells

2019 ◽  
Vol 216 (3) ◽  
pp. 674-687 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huanhuan Joyce Chen ◽  
Asaf Poran ◽  
Arun M. Unni ◽  
Sarah Xuelian Huang ◽  
Olivier Elemento ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Human Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Genetic Manipulation ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Neuroendocrine Cells ◽  
Lung Cancers ◽  
Immunodeficient Mice ◽  
Pulmonary Neuroendocrine Cells

Cancer models based on cells derived from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) may reveal why certain constellations of genetic changes drive carcinogenesis in specialized lineages. Here we demonstrate that inhibition of NOTCH signaling induces up to 10% of lung progenitor cells to form pulmonary neuroendocrine cells (PNECs), putative precursors to small cell lung cancers (SCLCs), and we can increase PNECs by reducing levels of retinoblastoma (RB) proteins with inhibitory RNA. Reducing levels of TP53 protein or expressing mutant KRAS or EGFR genes did not induce or expand PNECs, but tumors resembling early-stage SCLC grew in immunodeficient mice after subcutaneous injection of PNEC-containing cultures in which expression of both RB and TP53 was blocked. Single-cell RNA profiles of PNECs are heterogeneous; when RB levels are reduced, the profiles resemble those from early-stage SCLC; and when both RB and TP53 levels are reduced, the transcriptome is enriched with cell cycle–specific RNAs. Our findings suggest that genetic manipulation of hESC-derived pulmonary cells will enable studies of this recalcitrant cancer.

Ethanol alters cell cycle gene expression in human embryonic stem cells

2016 ◽  
Vol 01 (03) ◽  
pp. 201-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malini Krishnamoorthy ◽  
Brian Gerwe ◽  
Jamie Heimburg-Molinaro ◽  
Rachel Nash ◽  
Jagan Arumugham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Human Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Cell Cycle Gene ◽  
Cell Cycle Gene Expression
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