scholarly journals Central Nervous System Injury and Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate Oxidase: Oxidative Stress and Therapeutic Targets

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 755-764 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramona E. von Leden ◽  
Young J. Yauger ◽  
Guzal Khayrullina ◽  
Kimberly R. Byrnes
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide ◽  
Therapeutic Targets ◽  
Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate ◽  
Central Nervous System Injury ◽  
Nicotinamide Adenine

scholarly journals Niacin in the Central Nervous System: An Update of Biological Aspects and Clinical Applications

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 974 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valeria Gasperi ◽  
Matteo Sibilano ◽  
Isabella Savini ◽  
Maria Catani
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide ◽  
Cell Cycle Progression ◽  
Neuronal Development ◽  
Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate ◽  
Nicotinamide Adenine ◽  
Vitamin B3 ◽  
Traumatic Injuries ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Niacin (also known as “vitamin B3” or “vitamin PP”) includes two vitamers (nicotinic acid and nicotinamide) giving rise to the coenzymatic forms nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP). The two coenzymes are required for oxidative reactions crucial for energy production, but they are also substrates for enzymes involved in non-redox signaling pathways, thus regulating biological functions, including gene expression, cell cycle progression, DNA repair and cell death. In the central nervous system, vitamin B3 has long been recognized as a key mediator of neuronal development and survival. Here, we will overview available literature data on the neuroprotective role of niacin and its derivatives, especially focusing especially on its involvement in neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and Huntington’s diseases), as well as in other neuropathological conditions (ischemic and traumatic injuries, headache and psychiatric disorders).

Cellular distribution of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide glycohydrolase in the central nervous system

1974 ◽  
Vol 23 (14) ◽  
pp. 2060-2062 ◽  
Author(s):  
Spyridon G.A. Alivisatos ◽  
Frieda Ungar ◽  
Mariette Gerber ◽  
Ramesh C. Arora ◽  
Leroy P. Levitt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide ◽  
Nicotinamide Adenine ◽  
Cellular Distribution ◽  
The Central Nervous System

scholarly journals Sirtuin 2 (SIRT2): Confusing Roles in the Pathophysiology of Neurological Disorders

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiuqi Chen ◽  
Wenmei Lu ◽  
Danhong Wu
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Nicotinamide Adenine ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Brain

As a type of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent deacetylases, sirtuin 2 (SIRT2) is predominantly found in the cytoplasm of cells in the central nervous system (CNS), suggesting its potential role in neurological disorders. Though SIRT2 is generally acknowledged to accelerate the development of neurological pathologies, it protects the brain from deterioration in certain circumstances. This review summarized the complex roles SIRT2 plays in the pathophysiology of diverse neurological disorders, compared and analyzed the discrete roles of SIRT2 in different conditions, and provided possible explanations for its paradoxical functions. In the future, the rapid growth in SIRT2 research may clarify its impacts on neurological disorders and develop therapeutic strategies targeting this protein.

scholarly journals CYTOCHEMICAL LOCALIZATION OF BRAIN NICOTINAMIDE ADENINE DINUCLEOTIDE PHOSPHATE (OXIDIZED)-DEPENDENT DEHYDROGENASES QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE DISTRIBUTIONS

1974 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. L. SIMS ◽  
F. C. KAUFFMAN ◽  
E. C. JOHNSON ◽  
V. M. PICKEL
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide ◽  
Molecular Layer ◽  
Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate ◽  
Neuronal Cell ◽  
Nicotinamide Adenine ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Cytochemical Localization ◽  
Neuronal Cell Bodies ◽  
Neuronal Processes

This study compares the histochemical and microchemical localizations of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (reduced) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (reduced) diaphorases and four nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (oxidized)-dependent enzymes (glucose 6-phosphate, 6-phosphogluconate, malate and isocitrate dehydrogenases) in areas of rat metencephalon and spinal cord. For the four nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP) enzymes, the pattern of localization following use of a modified tetrazolium procedure was compared with quantitative data obtained by microdissection from the same areas in adjacent sections. Optimal experimental conditions for reaction pH, temperature, substrate, cofactor and divalent cation concentrations were used for both the quantitative analysis following microdissection and the histochemical tetrazolium procedure. Consecutive sections were also examined for isocitrate dehydrogenase (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (oxidized)) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (reduced) diaphorase activities in addition to seriatim thionine reference sections. Our results indicate that, within the central nervous system, certain characteristic qualitative differences exist in the distribution of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (oxidized)- and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (oxidized)-dependent dehydrogenase enzymes. Nicotinamide adenine, dinucleotide enzymes are visualized predominantly in neuronal cell bodies or neuropil consisting primarily of neuronal processes; in adjacent sections, NADP enzyme activities are visualized almost exclusively in glial elements with two important exceptions. The first is the cerebellar molecular layer where the results from both micro- and histochemical techniques indicate high levels of the NADP enzymes relative to other dehydrogenases and high activity relative to the levels of these NADP enzymes in other nervous system areas. The second exception occurs in those neuronal groups known to contain high levels of catecholamines; these data are the subject of a companion report.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document