scholarly journals Age at First Exposure to Football Is Associated with Altered Corpus Callosum White Matter Microstructure in Former Professional Football Players

2015 ◽  
Vol 32 (22) ◽  
pp. 1768-1776 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie M. Stamm ◽  
Inga K. Koerte ◽  
Marc Muehlmann ◽  
Ofer Pasternak ◽  
Alexandra P. Bourlas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Corpus Callosum ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Professional Football ◽  
White Matter Microstructure

Corpus Callosum Vasculature Predicts White Matter Microstructure Abnormalities after Pediatric Mild Traumatic Brain Injury

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 152-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kara M. Wendel ◽  
Jeong Bin Lee ◽  
Bethann M. Affeldt ◽  
Mary Hamer ◽  
Indira S. Harahap-Carrillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Corpus Callosum ◽  
Mild Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
White Matter Microstructure

The association between white-matter tract abnormalities, and neuropsychiatric and cognitive symptoms in retired professional football players with multiple concussions

2016 ◽  
Vol 263 (7) ◽  
pp. 1332-1341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Namita Multani ◽  
Ruma Goswami ◽  
Mozhgan Khodadadi ◽  
Ahmed Ebraheem ◽  
Karen D. Davis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Professional Football ◽  
Cognitive Symptoms ◽  
White Matter Tract

scholarly journals Cerebral White Matter Sex Dimorphism in Alcoholism: A Diffusion Tensor Imaging Study

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kayle S. Sawyer ◽  
Nasim Maleki ◽  
George Papadimitriou ◽  
Nikos Makris ◽  
Marlene Oscar-Berman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Corpus Callosum ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Imaging Study ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Cerebral White Matter ◽  
Excessive Alcohol Consumption ◽  
White Matter Microstructure ◽  
White Matter Connectivity

AbstractBackgroundExcessive alcohol consumption is associated with widespread brain damage, including abnormalities in frontal and limbic brain regions. In a prior study of neuronal circuitry connecting the frontal lobes and limbic system structures in abstinent alcoholic men, we demonstrated decreases in white matter fractional anisotropy (FA) on diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI). In the present study, we examined sex differences in alcoholism-related abnormalities of white matter connectivity.MethodsdMRI scans were acquired from 49 abstinent alcoholic individuals (26 women) and 41 nonalcoholic controls (22 women). Tract-based spatial statistical tools were used to estimate regional FA of white matter tracts and to determine sex differences and their relation to measures of alcoholism history.ResultsSex-related differences in white matter connectivity were observed in association with alcoholism: Compared to nonalcoholic men, alcoholic men had diminished FA in portions of the corpus callosum, the superior longitudinal fasciculi II and III, and the arcuate fasciculus and extreme capsule. In contrast, alcoholic women had higher FA in these regions. Sex differences also were observed for correlations between corpus callosum FA and length of sobriety.ConclusionsSexual dimorphism in white matter microstructure in abstinent alcoholics may implicate underlying differences in the neurobehavioral liabilities for developing alcohol abuse disorders, or for sequelae following abuse.

scholarly journals White Matter Microstructure Correlates of General and Specific Second-Order Factors of Psychopathology

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kendra E. Hinton ◽  
Benjamin B. Lahey ◽  
Victoria Villalta-Gil ◽  
Francisco A. C. Meyer ◽  
Leah L. Burgess ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Corpus Callosum ◽  
Internal Capsule ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Second Order ◽  
The Body ◽  
General Factor ◽  
Diagnostic Categories ◽  
White Matter Microstructure ◽  
Control Designs

AbstractIncreasing data indicate that prevalent forms of psychopathology can be organized into second-order dimensions based on their correlations, including a general factor of psychopathology that explains the common variance among all disorders and specific second-order externalizing and internalizing factors. Despite this organization, and high levels of comorbidity between diagnoses, most existing studies on the neural correlates of psychopathology employ case-control designs that treat diagnoses as independent categories. Thus, for instance, although perturbations in white matter microstructure have been identified across a range of disorders, the majority of such studies have used case-control designs, leaving it unclear whether observed relations reflect disorder specific characteristics, or transdiagnostic patterns. Using a representative community twin sample of 410 young adults, we tested the hypothesis that some relations between white matter microstructure properties in major tracts are related to second-order factors of psychopathology. We examined fractional anisotropy (FA), radial diffusivity (RD), and axial diffusivity (AD). White matter correlates of all second-order factors were identified after controlling for multiple tests, including the general factor (FA in the body of the corpus callosum), specific internalizing (AD in the fornix), and specific externalizing (AD in the splenium of the corpus callosum, sagittal stratum, anterior corona radiata, and internal capsule). These findings suggest that features of white matter within specific tracts are associated with broad transdiagnostic dimensions of psychopathology rather than being restricted to individual diagnostic categories.

scholarly journals The prospective association of objectively measured sleep and cerebral white matter microstructure in middle-aged and older persons

SLEEP ◽  
2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Desana Kocevska ◽  
Henning Tiemeier ◽  
Thom S Lysen ◽  
Marius de Groot ◽  
Ryan L Muetzel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Corpus Callosum ◽  
Older Persons ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Cerebral White Matter ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Sleep Onset Latency ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Microstructural Alterations ◽  
White Matter Microstructure

AbstractStudy ObjectivesPoor sleep may destabilize axonal integrity and deteriorate cerebral white matter. In middle-aged and older adults sleep problems increase alongside structural brain changes, but the temporal relation between these processes is poorly understood. We studied longitudinal associations between sleep and cerebral white matter microstructure.MethodsOne thousand one persons (59.3 ± 7.9 years, 55% women) were followed across 5.8 years (3.9–10.8). Total sleep time (TST, hours), sleep efficiency (SE, percentage), sleep onset latency (SOL, minutes), and wake after sleep onset (WASO, minutes) were measured at baseline using a wrist-worn actigraph. White matter microstructure (global and tract-specific fractional anisotropy [FA] and mean diffusivity [MD]) was measured twice with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI).ResultsPoor sleep was associated with worse white matter microstructure up to 7 years later but did not predict trajectories of DTI over time. Longer TST was associated with higher global FA (β = 0.06, 95% CI: 0.01 to 0.12), but not with MD. Persons with higher SE had higher global FA (β = 0.01, 95% CI: 0.002 to 0.01) and lower MD (β = −0.01, 95% CI: −0.01 to −0.0004). Consistently, those with more WASO had lower global FA (β = −0.003, 95% CI: −0.005 to −0.001) and higher MD (β = 0.002, 95% CI: 0.0004 to 0.004). Global findings seemed to be driven by microstructural alterations in the cingulum, anterior forceps of corpus callosum, projection and association tracts.ConclusionsMiddle-aged and older persons with more WASO, lower SE and shorter TST have worse microstructure of cerebral white matter. Microstructural alterations are most pronounced projection and association tracts, in the cingulum, and in the anterior forceps of corpus callosum.

scholarly journals Effects of Career Duration, Concussion History, and Playing Position on White Matter Microstructure and Functional Neural Recruitment in Former College and Professional Football Athletes

Radiology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 286 (3) ◽  
pp. 967-977 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael D. Clark ◽  
Eleanna M. L. Varangis ◽  
Allen A. Champagne ◽  
Kelly S. Giovanello ◽  
Feng Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Professional Football ◽  
White Matter Microstructure ◽  
Concussion History

scholarly journals Resilience and corpus callosum microstructure in adolescence

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (11) ◽  
pp. 2285-2294 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Galinowski ◽  
R. Miranda ◽  
H. Lemaitre ◽  
M.-L. Paillère Martinot ◽  
E. Artiges ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Corpus Callosum ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Brain Maturation ◽  
Cognitive Resources ◽  
High Exposure ◽  
White Matter Microstructure

BackgroundResilience is the capacity of individuals to resist mental disorders despite exposure to stress. Little is known about its neural underpinnings. The putative variation of white-matter microstructure with resilience in adolescence, a critical period for brain maturation and onset of high-prevalence mental disorders, has not been assessed by diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Lower fractional anisotropy (FA) though, has been reported in the corpus callosum (CC), the brain's largest white-matter structure, in psychiatric and stress-related conditions. We hypothesized that higher FA in the CC would characterize stress-resilient adolescents.MethodThree groups of adolescents recruited from the community were compared: resilient with low risk of mental disorder despite high exposure to lifetime stress (n = 55), at-risk of mental disorder exposed to the same level of stress (n = 68), and controls (n = 123). Personality was assessed by the NEO-Five Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI). Voxelwise statistics of DTI values in CC were obtained using tract-based spatial statistics. Regional projections were identified by probabilistic tractography.ResultsHigher FA values were detected in the anterior CC of resilient compared to both non-resilient and control adolescents. FA values varied according to resilience capacity. Seed regional changes in anterior CC projected onto anterior cingulate and frontal cortex. Neuroticism and three other NEO-FFI factor scores differentiated non-resilient participants from the other two groups.ConclusionHigh FA was detected in resilient adolescents in an anterior CC region projecting to frontal areas subserving cognitive resources. Psychiatric risk was associated with personality characteristics. Resilience in adolescence may be related to white-matter microstructure.

scholarly journals Atypical development of white matter microstructure of the corpus callosum in males with autism: a longitudinal investigation

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brittany G Travers ◽  
Do P M Tromp ◽  
Nagesh Adluru ◽  
Nicholas Lange ◽  
Dan Destiche ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Corpus Callosum ◽  
Longitudinal Investigation ◽  
White Matter Microstructure ◽  
Atypical Development

Microstructure of the Corpus Callosum Long after Pediatric Concussion

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 763-775
Author(s):  
Maya N. Sohn ◽  
Shane Virani ◽  
Helen L. Carlson ◽  
Shelby MacPhail ◽  
Trevor A. Low ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Corpus Callosum ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
White Matter Tracts ◽  
Pediatric Concussion ◽  
Orthopedic Injury ◽  
White Matter Microstructure ◽  
History Of

AbstractObjective:The long-term effects of pediatric concussion on white matter microstructure are poorly understood. This study investigated long-term changes in white matter diffusion properties of the corpus callosum in youth several years after concussion.Methods:Participants were 8–19 years old with a history of concussion (n = 36) or orthopedic injury (OI) (n = 21). Mean time since injury for the sample was 2.6 years (SD = 1.6). Participants underwent diffusion magnetic resonance imaging, completed cognitive testing, and rated their post-concussion symptoms. Measures of diffusivity (fractional anisotropy, mean, axial, and radial diffusivity) were extracted from white matter tracts in the genu, body, and splenium regions of the corpus callosum. The genu and splenium tracts were further subdivided into 21 equally spaced regions along the tract and diffusion values were extracted from each of these smaller regions.Results:White matter tracts in the genu, body, and splenium did not differ in diffusivity properties between youth with a history of concussion and those with a history of OI. No significant group differences were found in subdivisions of the genu and splenium after correcting for multiple comparisons. Diffusion metrics did not significantly correlate with symptom reports or cognitive performance.Conclusions:These findings suggest that at approximately 2.5 years post-injury, youth with prior concussion do not have differences in their corpus callosum microstructure compared to youth with OI. Although these results are promising from the perspective of long-term recovery, further research utilizing longitudinal study designs is needed to confirm the long-term effects of pediatric concussion on white matter microstructure.

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