Characterization of a Novel Rat Model of Penetrating Traumatic Brain Injury

2012 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 1219-1232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Plantman ◽  
Kian Chye Ng ◽  
Jia Lu ◽  
Johan Davidsson ◽  
Mårten Risling
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Penetrating Traumatic Brain Injury

scholarly journals Ulinastatin alleviates traumatic brain injury by reducing endothelin-1

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 001-008
Author(s):  
Ting Liu ◽  
Xing-Zhi Liao ◽  
Mai-Tao Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Western Blot ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Brain Edema ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Neurosurgical Procedures ◽  
Brain Water Content ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Brain Water

Abstract Background Brain edema is one of the major causes of fatality and disability associated with injury and neurosurgical procedures. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of ulinastatin (UTI), a protease inhibitor, on astrocytes in a rat model of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Methodology A rat model of TBI was established. Animals were randomly divided into 2 groups – one group was treated with normal saline and the second group was treated with UTI (50,000 U/kg). The brain water content and permeability of the blood–brain barrier were assessed in the two groups along with a sham group (no TBI). Expression of the glial fibrillary acidic protein, endthelin-1 (ET-1), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) were measured by immunohistochemistry and western blot. Effect of UTI on ERK and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways was measured by western blot. Results UTI significantly decreased the brain water content and extravasation of the Evans blue dye. This attenuation was associated with decreased activation of the astrocytes and ET-1. UTI treatment decreased ERK and Akt activation and inhibited the expression of pro-inflammatory VEGF and MMP-9. Conclusion UTI can alleviate brain edema resulting from TBI by inhibiting astrocyte activation and ET-1 production.

Temporal profile and utility of serum neurofilament light in a rat model of mild traumatic brain injury

2021 ◽  
Vol 341 ◽  
pp. 113698
Author(s):  
William T. O'Brien ◽  
Louise Pham ◽  
Rhys D. Brady ◽  
Jesse Bain ◽  
Glenn R. Yamakawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Mild Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Neurofilament Light ◽  
Temporal Profile

scholarly journals Magnetoencephalography in the Detection and Characterization of Brain Abnormalities Associated with Traumatic Brain Injury: A Comprehensive Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Geoffrey W. Peitz ◽  
Elisabeth A. Wilde ◽  
Ramesh Grandhi
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Brain Connectivity ◽  
Functional Brain Imaging ◽  
Original Research ◽  
High Temporal Resolution ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Clinical Role

Magnetoencephalography (MEG) is a functional brain imaging technique with high temporal resolution compared with techniques that rely on metabolic coupling. MEG has an important role in traumatic brain injury (TBI) research, especially in mild TBI, which may not have detectable features in conventional, anatomical imaging techniques. This review addresses the original research articles to date that have reported on the use of MEG in TBI. Specifically, the included studies have demonstrated the utility of MEG in the detection of TBI, characterization of brain connectivity abnormalities associated with TBI, correlation of brain signals with post-concussive symptoms, differentiation of TBI from post-traumatic stress disorder, and monitoring the response to TBI treatments. Although presently the utility of MEG is mostly limited to research in TBI, a clinical role for MEG in TBI may become evident with further investigation.

Severe Traumatic Brain Injury

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan Martin ◽  
Lara Zimmermann ◽  
Kee D. Kim ◽  
Marike Zwienenberg ◽  
Kiarash Shahlaie
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Intracranial Pressure ◽  
Severe Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Neurocritical Care ◽  
Secondary Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Oxygenation ◽  
Barbiturate Coma ◽  
Blast Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Penetrating Traumatic Brain Injury

Traumatic brain injury remains a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Patients with severe traumatic brain injury are best treated with a multidisciplinary, evidence-based, protocol-directed approach, which has been shown to decrease mortality and improve functional outcomes. Therapy is directed at the prevention of secondary brain injury through optimizing cerebral blood flow and the delivery of metabolic fuel (ie, oxygen and glucose). This is accomplished through the measurement and treatment of elevated intracranial pressure (ICP), the strict avoidance of hypotension and hypoxemia, and in some instances, surgical management. The treatment of elevated ICP is approached in a protocolized, tiered manner, with escalation of care occurring in the setting of refractory intracranial hypertension, culminating in either decompressive surgery or barbiturate coma. With such an approach, the rates of mortality secondary to traumatic brain injury are declining despite an increasing incidence of traumatic brain injury. This review contains 3 figures, 5 tables and 69 reference Key Words: blast traumatic brain injury, brain oxygenation, cerebral perfusion pressure, decompressive craniectomy, hyperosmolar therapy, intracranial pressure, neurocritical care, penetrating traumatic brain injury, severe traumatic brain injury

Mild traumatic brain injury: Graph-model characterization of brain networks for episodic memory

2011 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vasso Tsirka ◽  
Panagiotis G. Simos ◽  
Antonios Vakis ◽  
Kassiani Kanatsouli ◽  
Michael Vourkas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Mild Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Networks ◽  
Graph Model

Characterization of traumatic brain injury in human brains reveals distinct cellular and molecular changes in contusion and pericontusion

2015 ◽  
Vol 134 (1) ◽  
pp. 156-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gangadharappa Harish ◽  
Anita Mahadevan ◽  
Nupur Pruthi ◽  
Sreelakshmi K. Sreenivasamurthy ◽  
Vinuth N. Puttamallesh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Molecular Changes ◽  
Human Brains
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