Consequences of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury on Information Processing Assessed with Attention and Short-Term Memory Tasks

2008 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Branko Malojcic ◽  
Zdenko Mubrin ◽  
Bojana Coric ◽  
Mirica Susnic ◽  
George J. Spilich
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Information Processing ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Mild Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory

scholarly journals Pitch and Rhythm Perception and Verbal Short-Term Memory in Acute Traumatic Brain Injury

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1173
Author(s):  
Kirsten S. Anderson ◽  
Nathalie Gosselin ◽  
Abbas F. Sadikot ◽  
Maude Laguë-Beauvais ◽  
Esther S. H. Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Music Perception ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Digit Span ◽  
Rhythm Perception ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Acute Traumatic Brain Injury

Music perception deficits are common following acquired brain injury due to stroke, epilepsy surgeries, and aneurysmal clipping. Few studies have examined these deficits following traumatic brain injury (TBI), resulting in an under-diagnosis in this population. We aimed to (1) compare TBI patients to controls on pitch and rhythm perception during the acute phase; (2) determine whether pitch and rhythm perception disorders co-occur; (3) examine lateralization of injury in the context of pitch and rhythm perception; and (4) determine the relationship between verbal short-term memory (STM) and pitch and rhythm perception. Music perception was examined using the Scale and Rhythm tests of the Montreal Battery of Evaluation of Amusia, in association with CT scans to identify lesion laterality. Verbal short-term memory was examined using Digit Span Forward. TBI patients had greater impairment than controls, with 43% demonstrating deficits in pitch perception, and 40% in rhythm perception. Deficits were greater with right hemisphere damage than left. Pitch and rhythm deficits co-occurred 31% of the time, suggesting partly dissociable networks. There was a dissociation between performance on verbal STM and pitch and rhythm perception 39 to 42% of the time (respectively), with most individuals (92%) demonstrating intact verbal STM, with impaired pitch or rhythm perception. The clinical implications of music perception deficits following TBI are discussed.

scholarly journals The Neurobehavioral Effects of Buprenorphine and Meloxicam on a Blast-Induced Traumatic Brain Injury Model in the Rat

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura M. Anderson ◽  
Sridhar Samineni ◽  
Donna M. Wilder ◽  
Marisela Lara ◽  
Ondine Eken ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Isoflurane Anesthesia ◽  
Injury Model ◽  
Analgesic Agents ◽  
Tightly Coupled

Previous findings have indicated that pain relieving medications such as opioids and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may be neuroprotective after traumatic brain injury in rodents, but only limited studies have been performed in a blast-induced traumatic brain injury (bTBI) model. In addition, many pre-clinical TBI studies performed in rodents did not use analgesics due to the possibility of neuroprotection or other changes in cognitive, behavioral, and pathology outcomes. To examine this in a pre-clinical setting, we examined the neurobehavioral changes in rats given a single pre-blast dose of meloxicam, buprenorphine, or no pain relieving medication and exposed to tightly-coupled repeated blasts in an advanced blast simulator and evaluated neurobehavioral functions up to 28 days post-blast. A 16.7% mortality rate was recorded in the rats treated with buprenorphine, which might be attributed to the physiologically depressive side effects of buprenorphine in combination with isoflurane anesthesia and acute brain injury. Rats given buprenorphine, but not meloxicam, took more time to recover from the isoflurane anesthesia given just before blast. We found that treatment with meloxicam protected repeated blast-exposed rats from vestibulomotor dysfunctions up to day 14, but by day 28 the protective effects had receded. Both pain relieving medications seemed to promote short-term memory deficits in blast-exposed animals, whereas vehicle-treated blast-exposed animals showed only a non-significant trend toward worsening short-term memory by day 27. Open field exploratory behavior results showed that blast exposed rats treated with meloxicam engaged in significantly more locomotor activities and possibly a lesser degree of responses thought to reflect anxiety and depressive-like behaviors than any of the other groups. Rats treated with analgesics to alleviate possible pain from the blast ate more than their counterparts that were not treated with analgesics, which supports that both analgesics were effective in alleviating some of the discomfort that these rats potentially experienced post-blast injury. These results suggest that meloxicam and, to a lesser extent buprenorphine alter a variety of neurobehavioral functions in a rat bTBI model and, because of their impact on these neurobehavioral changes, may be less than ideal analgesic agents for pre-clinical studies evaluating these neurobehavioral responses after TBI.

Cognitive Information Processing Measures as Predictors of Monitoring Performance

1982 ◽  
Vol 54 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1299-1302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas Cellar ◽  
Gerald V. Barrett ◽  
Ralph Alexander ◽  
Dennis Doverspike ◽  
Jay C. Thomas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Visual Search ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Female College Students ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Cognitive Information Processing ◽  
Precise Understanding ◽  
Cognitive Information ◽  
Complex Monitoring

To obtain a more precise understanding of the constructs underlying complex monitoring, measures of short-term memory and visual search were administered to 7 male and 13 female college students. The hypothesis was that more rapid short-term memory and visual search would be related to successful monitoring. A correlational analysis indicated that choice reaction time was related to performance ( r = –.38 and –.43) while rate of serial comparisons was not ( r = –.08 and –.28). It was concluded that information-processing measures enhanced the understanding of the underlying processes in monitoring beyond that provided by traditional cognitive tests.

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