Collateral Sprouting as a Target for Improved Function after Spinal Cord Injury

2006 ◽  
Vol 23 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 281-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theo Hagg
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Collateral Sprouting ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Improved Function

Spinal cord injury: overview of experimental approaches used to restore locomotor activity

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Fakhoury
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Axonal Regeneration ◽  
Spinal Injury ◽  
Recovery Process ◽  
Locomotor Training ◽  
Locomotor Recovery ◽  
Collateral Sprouting ◽  
Cord Injury

AbstractSpinal cord injury affects more than 2.5 million people worldwide and can lead to paraplegia and quadriplegia. Anatomical discontinuity in the spinal cord results in disruption of the impulse conduction that causes temporary or permanent changes in the cord’s normal functions. Although axonal regeneration is limited, damage to the spinal cord is often accompanied by spontaneous plasticity and axon regeneration that help improve sensory and motor skills. The recovery process depends mainly on synaptic plasticity in the preexisting circuits and on the formation of new pathways through collateral sprouting into neighboring denervated territories. However, spontaneous recovery after spinal cord injury can go on for several years, and the degree of recovery is very limited. Therefore, the development of new approaches that could accelerate the gain of motor function is of high priority to patients with damaged spinal cord. Although there are no fully restorative treatments for spinal injury, various rehabilitative approaches have been tested in animal models and have reached clinical trials. In this paper, a closer look will be given at the potential therapies that could facilitate axonal regeneration and improve locomotor recovery after injury to the spinal cord. This article highlights the application of several interventions including locomotor training, molecular and cellular treatments, and spinal cord stimulation in the field of rehabilitation research. Studies investigating therapeutic approaches in both animal models and individuals with injured spinal cords will be presented.

RECENT ADVANCES IN PATHOPHYSIOLOGY AND TREATMENT OF SPINAL CORD INJURY

2002 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 238-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire E. Hulsebosch
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Research Effort ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Neurite Growth ◽  
Populations At Risk ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Patient Will ◽  
Improved Function

Thirty years ago, patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) and their families were told “nothing can be done” to improve function. Since the SCI patient population is reaching normal life expectancy through better health care, it has become an obviously worthwhile enterprise to devote considerable research effort to SCI. Targets for intervention in SCI toward improved function have been identified using basic research approaches and can be simplified into a list: 1) reduction of edema and free-radical production, 2) rescue of neural tissue at risk of dying in secondary processes such as abnormally high extracellular glutamate concentrations, 3) control of inflammation, 4) rescue of neuronal/glial populations at risk of continued apoptosis, 5) repair of demyelination and conduction deficits, 6) promotion of neurite growth through improved extracellular environment, 7) cell replacement therapies, 8) efforts to bridge the gap with transplantation approaches, 9) efforts to retrain and relearn motor tasks, 10) restoration of lost function by electrical stimulation, and 11) relief of chronic pain syndromes. Currently, over 70 clinical trials are in progress worldwide. Consequently, in this millennium, unlike in the last, no SCI patient will have to hear “nothing can be done.”

scholarly journals Focusing on the Efficacy of Tizanidine in the Multiple Sclerosis Clinic

2001 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-31
Author(s):  
Thomas F. Scott
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Cerebrovascular Disease ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Improved Function ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT The use of tizanidine is well established in spasticity due to multiple sclerosis (MS), spinal cord injury, and cerebrovascular disease. Refinement of the use oftizanidine in these areas is ongoing. To date, most large studies have focused primarily on measurement of changes in abnormalities of tone and spasm frequency rather than changes related to improved function. More detailed studies may help to better elucidate the impact of tizanidine and other spasticity treatments on activities of daily living and overall quality of life of MS patients. (Int J MS Care. 2001; 3(1): 29–31)

scholarly journals Extensive cell migration, axon regeneration, and improved function with polysialic acid-modified Schwann cells after spinal cord injury

Glia ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
pp. 979-992 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mousumi Ghosh ◽  
Luis M. Tuesta ◽  
Rocio Puentes ◽  
Samik Patel ◽  
Kiara Melendez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Cell Migration ◽  
Schwann Cells ◽  
Axon Regeneration ◽  
Polysialic Acid ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Extensive Cell ◽  
Improved Function
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