Do n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Increase or Decrease Lipid Peroxidation in Humans?

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 403-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nirvair S. Kelley ◽  
Yasukazu Yoshida ◽  
Kent L. Erickson
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Decrease Lipid Peroxidation

scholarly journals Effect of polyunsaturated fatty acids and antioxidants on lipid peroxidation in tissue cultures.

1981 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 763-769
Author(s):  
V C Gavino ◽  
J S Miller ◽  
S O Ikharebha ◽  
G E Milo ◽  
D G Cornwell
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Tissue Cultures

scholarly journals Quantification of Volatile Aldehydes Deriving from In Vitro Lipid Peroxidation in the Breath of Ventilated Patients

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 3089
Author(s):  
Lukas M. Müller-Wirtz ◽  
Daniel Kiefer ◽  
Sven Ruffing ◽  
Timo Brausch ◽  
Tobias Hüppe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Breathing Circuit ◽  
Aliphatic Aldehydes ◽  
Mechanically Ventilated ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Plastic Parts ◽  
Ventilated Patients

Exhaled aliphatic aldehydes were proposed as non-invasive biomarkers to detect increased lipid peroxidation in various diseases. As a prelude to clinical application of the multicapillary column–ion mobility spectrometry for the evaluation of aldehyde exhalation, we, therefore: (1) identified the most abundant volatile aliphatic aldehydes originating from in vitro oxidation of various polyunsaturated fatty acids; (2) evaluated emittance of aldehydes from plastic parts of the breathing circuit; (3) conducted a pilot study for in vivo quantification of exhaled aldehydes in mechanically ventilated patients. Pentanal, hexanal, heptanal, and nonanal were quantifiable in the headspace of oxidizing polyunsaturated fatty acids, with pentanal and hexanal predominating. Plastic parts of the breathing circuit emitted hexanal, octanal, nonanal, and decanal, whereby nonanal and decanal were ubiquitous and pentanal or heptanal not being detected. Only pentanal was quantifiable in breath of mechanically ventilated surgical patients with a mean exhaled concentration of 13 ± 5 ppb. An explorative analysis suggested that pentanal exhalation is associated with mechanical power—a measure for the invasiveness of mechanical ventilation. In conclusion, exhaled pentanal is a promising non-invasive biomarker for lipid peroxidation inducing pathologies, and should be evaluated in future clinical studies, particularly for detection of lung injury.

Thiyl radical attack on polyunsaturated fatty acids: A possible route to lipid peroxidation

1989 ◽  
Vol 161 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Schöneich ◽  
Klaus-Dieter Asmus ◽  
Uwe Dillinger ◽  
Franz v. Bruchhausen
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Thiyl Radical ◽  
Radical Attack

scholarly journals Electronic and Tobacco Cigarettes Alter Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Oxidative Biomarkers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajat Gupta ◽  
Yan Lin ◽  
Karla Luna ◽  
Anjali Logue ◽  
Alexander J Yoon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Plasma Lipid ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Heme Oxygenase 1

Rationale: Chronic electronic cigarette (EC) users exhibit a higher susceptibility of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) to undergo oxidation as compared to non-user controls. However, there is a paucity of data regarding EC effects on lipid peroxidation in the blood and their relationship to cardiovascular risk. Objective: To test the hypothesis that chronic (≥1 year) EC use exerts intermediate effects on plasma lipid peroxidation and/or antioxidant defense compared to chronic tobacco cigarette (TC) smoking. Methods and Results: We enrolled EC-users (n=32), TC-smokers (n=29) and non-users (n=45), with mean ages of 28.3, 27.8 and 27.4 years, respectively. Plasma concentrations of free polyunsaturated fatty acids and oxidized metabolites were assessed by mass spectrometry. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC), concentrations of glutathione, bilirubin, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), and functional activity of paraoxonase1 (PON1) were determined by colorimetric and enzymatic assays. Multivariable analysis was performed using classification models for segregating participants based on biomarker profiles. Plasma arachidonic acid (AA) concentration was higher in TC-smokers but lower in EC-users, together with linoleic acid (LA) concentration, as compared to TC-smokers and non-users (p<0.05). Oxidized LA metabolites (9- and 13-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid (HODE)) were lower in EC-users and TC-smokers as compared to non-users (p<0.001). Consistently, TAC and bilirubin were elevated in EC-users and TC-smokers as compared to non-users (p<0.05). Of interest, plasma HO-1 concentration was higher in TC-smokers as compared to non-users (p=0.01) with intermediate levels in EC-users. Multivariable analysis identified 5 biomarkers (13-HODE, LA, 9-HODE, 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (HETE), AA) that discriminated EC-users from TC-smokers and non-users with an accuracy of 73.4%. Conclusions: Chronic use of EC induces common (i.e. lower 9- and/or 13-HODEs and higher TAC and bilirubin) as well as differential effects (i.e. altered AA and LA concentrations) to those induced by TC, along with intermediate plasma HO-1 concentration, suggesting that EC, likewise TC smoke, could impact cardiovascular risk.

scholarly journals The role of lipid components of the diet in the regulation of the fatty acid composition of the rat liver endoplasmic reticulum and lipid peroxidation

1978 ◽  
Vol 174 (2) ◽  
pp. 585-593 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine T. Hammer ◽  
Eric D. Wills
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Lipid Peroxide

The fatty acid compositions of the lipids and the lipid peroxide concentrations and rates of lipid peroxidation were determined in suspensions of liver endoplasmic reticulum isolated from rats fed on synthetic diets in which the fatty acid composition had been varied but the remaining constituents (protein, carbohydrate, vitamins and minerals) kept constant. Stock diet and synthetic diets containing no fat, 10% corn oil, herring oil, coconut oil or lard were used. The fatty acid composition of the liver endoplasmic reticulum lipid was markedly dependent on the fatty acid composition of the dietary lipid. Feeding a herring-oil diet caused incorporation of 8.7% eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5) and 17% docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6), but only 5.1% linoleic acid (C18:2) and 6.4% arachidonic acid (C20:4), feeding a corn-oil diet caused incorporation of 25.1% C18:2, 17.8% C20:4 and 2.5% C22:6 fatty acids, and feeding a lard diet caused incorporation of 10.3% C18:2, 13.5% C20:4 and 4.3% C22:6 fatty acids into the liver endoplasmic-reticulum lipids. Phenobarbitone injection (100mg/kg) decreased the incorporation of C20:4 and C22:6 fatty acids into the liver endoplasmic reticulum of rats fed on a lard, corn-oil or herring-oil diet. Microsomal lipid peroxide concentrations and rates of peroxidation in the presence of ascorbate depended on the nature and quantity of the polyunsaturated fatty acids in the diet. The lipid peroxide content was 1.82±0.30nmol of malonaldehyde/mg of protein and the rate of peroxidation was 0.60±0.08nmol of malonaldehyde/min per mg of protein after feeding a fat-free diet, and the values were increased to 20.80nmol of malonaldehyde/mg of protein and 3.73nmol of malonaldehyde/min per mg of protein after feeding a 10% herring-oil diet in which polyunsaturated fatty acids formed 24% of the total fatty acids. Addition of α-tocopherol to the diets (120mg/kg of diet) caused a very large decrease in the lipid peroxide concentration and rate of lipid peroxidation in the endoplasmic reticulum, but addition of the synthetic anti-oxidant 2,6-di-t-butyl-4-methylphenol to the diet (100mg/kg of diet) was ineffective. Treatment of the animals with phenobarbitone (1mg/ml of drinking water) caused a sharp fall in the rate of lipid peroxidation. It is concluded that the polyunsaturated fatty acid composition of the diet regulates the fatty acid composition of the liver endoplasmic reticulum, and this in turn is an important factor controlling the rate and extent of lipid peroxidation in vitro and possibly in vivo.

scholarly journals Effect of cigarette smoking on pentane excretion in alveolar breath

1996 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
D E Euler ◽  
S J Davé ◽  
H Guo
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Mainstream Smoke ◽  
Mainstream Cigarette Smoke

Abstract The concentrations of acetone, isoprene, and pentane in alveolar breath were examined in 50 smokers and 50 nonsmokers by gas chromatography. The baseline pentane in smokers was 0.17 +/- 0.03 nmol/L (mean +/- SE), which was not different from pentane in nonsmokers (0.23 +/- 0.03 nmol/L). There were also no differences between smokers and nonsmokers in the concentrations of acetone and isoprene. Serial breath samples were obtained from 15 smokers before smoking and at 5, 15, and 60 min after smoking. Although acetone was not altered by smoking, isoprene increased by 86% +/- 26% 5 min after smoking (P &lt;0.001) and returned to baseline 10 min later. Pentane increased by 456% +/- 156% 5 min after smoking (P &lt;0.001) and remained increased 10 min later (204% +/- 73% of baseline, P &lt;0.05). Isoprene concentrations in mainstream cigarette smoke were &gt;5000 times greater than breath concentrations, whereas pentane could not be detected in mainstream smoke. Because pentane is produced from the peroxidation of n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, the results provide evidence that cigarette smoking causes an immediate increase in lipid peroxidation.

Effect and mechanism of pyridoxamine on the lipid peroxidation and stability of polyunsaturated fatty acids in beef patties

2015 ◽  
Vol 96 (10) ◽  
pp. 3418-3423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Wong ◽  
Xiaoqiang Hu ◽  
Ningping Tao ◽  
Xichang Wang ◽  
Mingfu Wang
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Beef Patties
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